<div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Thank you, Tom, for the definitive answers to much of this. I remembered that the Z8000 was mixed up in that mess, but it was missing from Al's Trix tape. Do you know if a Z8000 back end or set of support tools was ever built, and if so, does anyone know if they survived? It does look like Al has 8086 [Terman compiler]. 68K (of a few flavors) and an NS16032 (author's unknown). One of the tools you mentioned from MIT seems to have survived, although Dennis and I saved the official UNIX Circuit Design System release in the mid-1990s. Warren has had that TUHS archives ever since, but I'm not I ever saw you tools other than things like you 68K assembler, and I guess is was our fiiend Wayne that wrote the linker (which until this thread I did not now). </div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">BTW: Again, it proves how interwoven the people and tech (i.e., open source culture) were in the 1970s; i.e., it's not a new thing. The PDPs were running the Stanford Circuit Design System (SUDS) and the 11's often at USCD. The people came and went. For instance,the former Wayne was a year ahead of me at CMU before he headed to MIT for a Master's and PhD,</div></div><div hspace="streak-pt-mark" style="max-height:1px"><img alt="" style="width:0px;max-height:0px;overflow:hidden" src="https://mailfoogae.appspot.com/t?sender=aY2xlbWNAY2NjLmNvbQ%3D%3D&type=zerocontent&guid=fb574b53-dd2e-4c53-b525-ead78fc031e3"><font color="#ffffff" size="1">ᐧ</font></div><br><div class="gmail_quote gmail_quote_container"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Fri, May 2, 2025 at 10:57 AM Tom Teixeira <<a href="mailto:tjteixeira@earthlink.net">tjteixeira@earthlink.net</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">On 5/1/25 12:20 AM, Al Kossow wrote:<br>
> On 4/30/25 8:38 PM, Jonathan Gray wrote:<br>
>> Chris was part of the Nu project.<br>
>><br>
>> "Was a principal developer of the NuMachine"<br>
>><br>
>> "developed a family of portable C compilers for the (then) newly<br>
>> available microprocessors. These compilers were widely distributed as<br>
>> the first C implementations for the x86 and 68K processors."<br>
>><br>
>> <a href="https://people.csail.mit.edu/cjt/resume.html" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://people.csail.mit.edu/cjt/resume.html</a><br>
><br>
> I found most of the yearly LCS reports have been digitized to DTIC<br>
> which answered a bunch of my questions about who was doing what at<br>
> that time<br>
><br>
> I've archived them at <a href="http://bitsavers.org/pdf/mit/lcs/progress_reports" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://bitsavers.org/pdf/mit/lcs/progress_reports</a><br>
><br>
><br>
><br>
Some background, though the MIT LCS progress reports should cover much <br>
of this. I won't attempt to put any dates.<br>
<br>
Chris Terman was one of the graduate students in the RTS group. Since <br>
VT-52 terminals were relatively scarce, he designed and built his own <br>
with a larger screen - something like 40 lines by maybe 120 or 132 <br>
characters, called the "Termanal". I don't remember if it used an 8080 <br>
to handle the control sequences in the data stream or something else.<br>
<br>
He then got interested in designing a terminal that could display bit <br>
map graphics, to be comparable to the graphics used on the Lisp Machines <br>
just being built by the MIT-AI lab. I had stumbled across one of the LCS <br>
progress reports that credits Professor Steve Ward and one of the <br>
undergraduate staff, Rae McClellan in assisting the design of this bit <br>
graph which was named the "Nu Terminal" (I don't think it was the "Nu <br>
Termanal"). This used an 8086. A couple of these were built. One of the <br>
undergraduate students, Jon Sieber, had been a member of an Explorer <br>
Post in Murray Hill where Dennis Ritchie was the advisor. Jon would <br>
regularly bring UNIX tapes from the Research Lab and included things <br>
like early versions of the Portable C Compiler and the Circuit Design <br>
Aids. Chris used the Circuit Design Aids to design wire-wrap boards for <br>
the Nu Terminal and the RTS lab got a semi-automatic wire wrap machine. <br>
Some students and staff took turns doing the actual wire wrapping. My <br>
contribution was writing some simple software that simulated a paper <br>
tape reader for the wire wrap machine.<br>
<br>
An undergraduate student, Mike Patrick, did his bachelor's thesis <br>
writing a table driven assembler and constructed tables for the 8086 and <br>
I think an 8080. Later there were drivers for the Zylog Z8000, the <br>
National Semiconductor NS16000 and the Motorola 68000. I contributed a <br>
small bit of code for doing optimal choice of short vs long branches (to <br>
branch to an address more than +/- 127 bytes, you had to branch around a <br>
longer jump instruction).<br>
<br>
Chris Terman did the work of modifying the Portable C Compiler to <br>
generate code for the 8086, the Z8000, NS16000 and MC68000. I think we <br>
may have built one machine with the Z8000, but quickly settled on using <br>
the MC68000, primarily because of the 32-bit support (one progress <br>
report says that Zenith was supposed to build multiple Z8000 based <br>
machines, but I don't remember those. The NS16000 had better memory <br>
management, but I don't think we ever actually received any CPU chips.<br>
<br>
Anyway, these compilers were what was distributed, and the MC68000 <br>
compiler in particular was used by almost all the companies that came <br>
out the MC68000-based Unix machines. Apollo was a notable exception, but <br>
Apollo wrote their own operating system from scratch rather than Unix. <br>
Side note: Bill Poduska came to visit Steve Ward and before the visit <br>
Steve was all excited, but was disappointed that Bill was not going to <br>
use Unix.<br>
<br>
Before the RTS group used Unix, they had written a small timesharing <br>
system for the PDP-11/45 that was used in the 6.031 introductory <br>
computer science course taught by Mike Dertouzos. Chris was involved in <br>
maintaining that, though I think Steve Ward was probably the main <br>
implementor. Chris had also spent too many hours changing address <br>
jumpers on Unibus and other controllers as well as tweaking Unix mkconf <br>
files, and thought that while the 4BSD autoconfiguration was an <br>
improvement, there should be a better way. Chris and Steve designed the <br>
Nu bus, and the Nu Bus was used in the MC68000 boards. Eventually it was <br>
picked up by Apple.<br>
<br>
Chris was one of many students who took the Mead/Conway LSI design <br>
course and ended up abandoning his research on portable compilers in <br>
favor of simulating LSI designs. He was also a co-founder of Symbolics <br>
and designed the controller for their laser printer before returning to <br>
MIT as a Lecturer and sponsored research staff.<br>
<br>
There were also proposed follow-on software projects related to the Nu <br>
terminal. One was Trix. Steve Ward said he didn't know what an "ics" <br>
was, but Multics clearly had too many, and Unix had too few, hence Trix. <br>
Jack Test was hired to do a lot of the development. Wikipedia has a <br>
reasonable summary of Trix, as far as I remember, but I had left RTS to <br>
join Masscomp in late 1981/early 1982, and I know Jack Test was an early <br>
employee of Alliant Computer so he left Trix probably in 1982.<br>
<br>
<br>
</blockquote></div>