This area contains the documents that we have uncovered that related to Unix before 1st Edition, including some code from PDP-7 Unix. [ Also see ../PDP7 for a project to reconstruct a working PDP-7 Unix system. ] Draft of the Unix Timesharing System ==================================== At the end of 2015, Doug McIlroy sent this e-mail in to the TUHS mailing list: Among the papers of the late Bob Morris I have found a Unix manual that I don't remember at all--a draft by Dennis Ritchie, in the style of (but not designated as) a technical report with numbered sections and subsections. It does not resemble the familiar layout of the numbered editions. Besides the usual overview of kernel and shell, it describes system calls and some commands, in a layout unrelated to the familiar man-page style. Detailed reference/tutorial manuals for as, roff, db and ed are included as appendices. The famous and well-justified claim that "UNIX contains a number of features very seldom offered even by larger systems" appears on page 1. The document is evidently ancestral to both the recognized manuals and the SIGOPS/CACM paper. It apparently dates from mid-1971 when Unix had been running for a "few months" on the PDP-11. At that time there were only 21 system calls, a number that had increased to 34 by November when the v1 manual was produced. A PDF scan of this draft manual is available here as the file UnixEditionZero.pdf. Nelson Beebe has created an OCR'd version of the file which is UnixEditionZero-OCR.pdf. Paul McJones has contributed an even smaller version of the file UnixEditionZero-Threshold_OCR.pdf. A text version of the document is available in UnixEditionZero.txt. PDP-7 Unix Source Code ====================== At the beginning of 2016, Norman Wilson scanned in several documents pertaining to PDP-7 Unix. These are the files: 01-s1.pdf 02-hw.pdf 03-scope.pdf 04-cas.pdf 05-1-4.pdf 06-5-12.pdf 07-13-19.pdf 08-rest.pdf He writes: My notebook of PDP-7 stuff is photocopies of the contents of one or two loose-leaf notebooks that were at one point in the latter 1980s sitting around in the UNIX Room. The original notebooks were mostly trimmed and punched line-printer listings, with hand- marked blank pages as dividers (the pages marked with numbers, or S1 or S3 or whatnot). The PDP-7 Programming Card was a photocopy; I don't remember whether the modem and graphics-scope memos looked like originals. There were some complicated backs-and-forths with the photocopies. In particular, I think Dennis lost the original notebooks at some point after I moved to Toronto (taking copies with me), and I sent him copies of my copies. What is there should be a scan of every page I have, in order. Division into files is quasi-arbitrary, but the two-digit numbers at the front should sort it all in order. It is a long time since I've looked at this stuff so I have only a weak memory of what's where; I think the first part (sections labelled S1-S9 in the original) are the operating system, then there are some bits of info about specific hardware (including a PDP-7 instruction-set card, codes to drive the graphics scope, and a program that I am guessing without really knowing is about the scope, plus as a FREE BONUS a hand-drawn diagram of the scope's coordinates); then various commands in alphabetical order; then a bit of other stuff, including two short unlabelled B programs and ed. And on 18th October 2019, the Computer History Museum released what is the second half of the PDP-7 source code book, scanned from papers left by Dennis Ritchie. These are the files: 09-1-35.pdf 10-36-55.pdf 11-56-91.pdf 12-92-119.pdf 13-120-147.pdf 14-148-165.pdf Here is what these files contain files: 01-s1.pdf contains the kernel source divided into sections S1 to S9 02-hw.pdf has hardware details of the PDP-7 03-scope.pdf has information about the PDP-7 scope 04-cas.pdf seems to be a user-mode program that uses the PDP-7 scope 05-1-4.pdf user-mode programs: adm, ald, apr, as 06-5-12.pdf user-mode programs: bl, bc, bi, cat, check, chown, chmod, cp, chrm 07-13-19.pdf user-mode programs: db, dmabs, ds, dsksav, dskres, dskio, dsw, init 08-rest.pdf user-mode programs: ed. Also at the beginning some B code (?) 09-1-35.pdf user-mode programs: maths functions, ln, ls, moo, nm 10-36-55.pdf user-mode programs: pool game 11-56-91.pdf user-mode programs: pd, psych, rm, rn, roff, salv, sh 12-92-119.pdf user-mode programs: space travel 13-120-147.pdf user-mode programs: stat, tm, t (B interpreter?) 14-148-165.pdf user-mode programs: ttt, un