2.11BSD/share/learn/vi/L3.4
#print
Second Review
These are the commands we've seen for making changes to a file:
i a = Insert text before ('i') or after ('a') current character
I A = Insert text at beginning ('I') or end ('A') of line
x X = Delete current ('x') or previous ('X') character
o O = Open a new blank line before ('O') or after ('o') current line
dd = Delete the current line
cc = Change the current line
r R = Replace one ('r') or more ('R') characters by overwriting
s = Substitute new characters for old ones
Type 'ready' to go into vi and get some more practice with these
commands. As before, be sure that you understand how each one works;
they're the ones you'll use every day.
#user
#create Review2
i a = Insert text before ('i') or after ('a') current character
I A = Insert text at beginning ('I') or end ('A') of line
x X = Delete current ('x') or previous ('X') character
o O = Open a new blank line before ('O') or after ('o') current line
dd = Delete the current line
cc = Change the current line
r R = Replace one ('r') or more ('R') characters by overwriting
s = Substitute new characters for old ones
Here is a set of examples, one per command. If you don't remember how
something works, you might take a look.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
EXAMPLES
Command Explanation
------- -----------
i In the text below, if one wanted to fix the word 'novate'
so that it read 'renovate', one would move the cursor to
the 'n' in novate and type 'i' (to go into insert mode),
're' (to add the fix), and hit Escape (to leave insert mode).
I'm going to novate my house.
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\/
I'm going to renovate my house.
a In the text below, suppose one wanted the word 'searching'
instead of 'search'. One could move the cursor to the 'h'
in search, hit 'a' (to enter insert mode, appending to the
current character), type 'ing' to add the fix, and hit the
Escape key (to exit insert mode).
Chapter Five of this tutorial is on search.
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\/
Chapter Five of this tutorial is on searching.
I A Strictly speaking, the 'I' and 'A' commands aren't needed
at all. One could always just move the cursor to the
beginning or end of the line and type 'i' or 'a'. They are
merely conveniences for when you are somewhere in a line
and need to insert some text at the front or back of the
line. I personally find myself using 'A' constantly, to
add a period on the end of a sentence that I forgot earlier,
to continue a sentence that I interrupted, etc. 'I' is less
frequently-used, but nice at least for completeness. Anyway,
here's the example:
Suppose one wanted to enclose the following C statment in
a comment. This involves putting a '/*' on the front and a
'*/' on the back. Assume the cursor is somewhere in the
middle of the line. One would type 'I' (to go into insert
mode at the front of the line), '/*' (to add the opening of
the comment), Escape (to leave insert mode), 'A' (to insert
at the end of the line), '*/' (to close the comment), and
Escape again (to again leave insert mode).
if (getchar() != EOF) count++;
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\/
/*if (getchar() != EOF) count++;*/
x X In the expression below, suppose one wanted to be rid of the
'(or -)' phrase. One could move the cursor to that opening
parenthesis and type 'xxxxxxx' (i.e. seven x's). An easier
way would be to type '7x', which has the same effect. For
people used to a back-space style deletion, move the cursor
to the 's' and type 'XXXXXXX' or '7X'.
(-b + (or -) sqrt(b*b - 4*a*c)) / (2*a)
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\/
(-b + sqrt(b*b - 4*a*c)) / (2*a)
o O Any time you want to add a line of text to your file, you'll
probably use the 'open' commands. Which one you use generally
depends entirely upon where you happen to be in relation to
where you want to add the line. If you're right above it,
you'll use 'o', if right below, it'll be 'O'.
To add another item to the end of the list below, one would
move the cursor to the current last line (#3), hit 'o' (to
open up space for the new line), type the new item, and hit
Escape (to leave insert mode).
1. Finish writing that darn tutorial
2. Find out about VAX Prolog implementation
3. Set up meeting times with NET committee
||
||
\/
1. Finish writing that darn tutorial
2. Find out about VAX Prolog implementation
3. Set up meeting times with NET committee
4. Buy a loaf of bread on way home
dd ^R A very easy command to use. To delete item #2 in the list
below, just move the cursor to that line and type 'dd'.
The line will go away, but (if you're using a 'dumb'
terminal) it will be replaced by a blank line with an
at-sign ('@') in the first column. To get rid of that
pseudo-line, just type ^R. Remember, those at-sign lines
aren't really in your file, they're just a convenience so
that vi won't take time to redraw the screen every time
you delete a line.
1. Finish writing that darn tutorial
2. Find out about VAX Prolog implementation
3. Set up meeting times with NET committee
4. Buy a loaf of bread on way home
||
||
\/
1. Finish writing that darn tutorial
3. Set up meeting times with NET committee
4. Buy a loaf of bread on way home
cc To change item #2 in the list below, just move the cursor
to that line, hit 'cc' (the line will disappear and you'll
be in insert mode), type the replacement line, and hit
Escape (to leave insert mode).
1. Finish writing that darn tutorial
2. Find out about VAX Prolog implementation
3. Set up meeting times with NET committee
4. Buy a loaf of bread on way home
||
||
\/
1. Finish writing that darn tutorial
2. Write folks at Rochester about Prolog/VAX
3. Set up meeting times with NET committee
4. Buy a loaf of bread on way home
r Having deleted an item from the list below, it would be
nice to fix up the line numbers. Just move the cursor
to the '3' and type 'r2' to replace it with a '2'. Similarly,
move to the '4' and type 'r3'.
1. Finish writing that darn tutorial
3. Set up meeting times with NET committee
4. Buy a loaf of bread on way home
||
||
\/
1. Finish writing that darn tutorial
2. Set up meeting times with NET committee
3. Buy a loaf of bread on way home
R To change the table entries below when Prof. Conway gets
his new Ambassador, one could just use the 'x' command to
delete the word 'Datamedia' and then use 'i' to type in
'Ambassador', but that's a lot of work and besides, it
might mess up the nice way in which the table lines up.
Instead, move the cursor to the 'D' on Conway's line,
type 'R' (to go into overwrite mode), type 'Ambassador',
and hit Escape (to leave overwrite mode).
tty where what baud device who
----- ---------- ----- ---- ------ ---
ttyh0 422 Upson Ambassador 9600 TS 7 Demers
ttyi0 419c Upson Datamedia 9600 TS 8 Gilbert
ttyj0 408 Upson Datamedia 9600 TS 9 Conway
ttyk0 415c Upson Ambassador 9600 TS 10 Gries
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\/
tty where what baud device who
----- ---------- ----- ---- ------ ---
ttyh0 422 Upson Ambassador 9600 TS 7 Demers
ttyi0 419c Upson Datamedia 9600 TS 8 Gilbert
ttyj0 408 Upson Ambassador 9600 TS 9 Conway
ttyk0 415c Upson Ambassador 9600 TS 10 Gries
s Substituting is usually handy when there are some number
of characters that you want to replace with some other number
of characters. If the two numbers are the same, you could use
the 'R' command. If not, 's' is probably your best bet. For
example, suppose, in the list below, you wanted to change
the word 'VAX' to 'PDP11'. You'd move the cursor to the 'V'
and hit '3s', meaning that you're going to type some stuff to
replace the next three characters. You'd then type 'PDP11'
and hit Escape, to leave insert mode.
1. Finish writing that darn tutorial
2. Find out about VAX Prolog implementation
3. Set up meeting times with NET committee
4. Buy a loaf of bread on way home
||
||
\/
1. Finish writing that darn tutorial
2. Find out about PDP11 Prolog implementation
3. Set up meeting times with NET committee
4. Buy a loaf of bread on way home
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