2.11BSD/src/man/man4/xp.4

.\" Copyright (c) 1980 Regents of the University of California.
.\" All rights reserved.  The Berkeley software License Agreement
.\" specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution.
.\"
.\"	@(#)xp.4	6.4 (2.11BSD GTE) 1995/08/14
.\"
.TH XP 4 "August 14, 1995"
.UC 2
.SH NAME
xp \- generic SMD moving-head disk
.SH SYNOPSIS
.ft B
.nf
/sys/conf/SYSTEM:
.ta .5i +\w'BADSECT 'u +\w'xp_controllers 'u
	NXPC	\fIxp_controllers\fP	# Number of controllers
	NXPD	\fIxp_drives\fP		# RM02/03/05, RP04/05/06, 
					# CDC 9766, Fuji 160, etc.
	BADSECT	\fINO\fP		# Bad sector handling (see BUGS)
.DT

/etc/dtab:
.ta .5i +\w'#Name 'u +\w'Unit# 'u +\w'177777 'u +\w'Vector 'u +\w'Br 'u +\w'xxxxxxx 'u +\w'xxxxxxx 'u
	#Name	Unit#	Addr	Vector	Br	Handler(s)		# Comments
	xp	?	176700	254	5	xpintr		# xp driver
.DT

major device number(s):
	raw: 19
	block: 10
minor device encoding:
	bits 0007 specify partition of XP drive
	bits 0370 specify XP drive
.fi
.ft R
.SH DESCRIPTION
The
.I xp
driver is a generic SMD storage module disk driver.  It can be adapted to
most SMD controllers although bootstrapping will not necessarily be
directly possible.  The drives are numbered from 0 to
.I n
on
controller 0, from
.IR n +1
to
.I m
on controller 1, etc.  The drives may have different geometries.  
.PP
The \fIxp\fP
driver is unique amoungst 2BSD drivers in its numbering of drives.
Other drivers (\fIra\fP for example) number drives 0 thru 7 on controller
1, 8 thru 15 on controller 2 and so on.  \fIxp\fP on the other hand can
have drives 0 and 1 on controller 1, drives 2, 3, 4 and 5 on controller 2 and
drives 6, 7 and 8 on controller 3.  This is different from \fBboot\fP's
view of the world, so if you are booting from other than unit 0 you may
have to experiment a bit.
.PP
Files with minor device numbers 0 through 7 refer to various portions
of drive 0;
minor devices 8 through 15 refer to drive 1, etc.
The standard device names begin with ``xp'' followed by
the drive number and then a letter a-h for partitions 0-7 respectively.
The character ? stands here for a drive number in the range 0-7.
.PP
The block files access the disk via the system's normal
buffering mechanism and may be read and written without regard to
physical disk records.  There is also a `raw' interface
which provides for direct transmission between the disk
and the user's read or write buffer.
A single read or write call results in exactly one I/O operation
and therefore raw I/O is considerably more efficient when
many words are transmitted.  The names of the raw files
conventionally begin with an extra `r.'
.PP
In raw I/O the buffer must begin on a word (even) boundary,
and counts should be a multiple of 512 bytes (a disk sector).
Likewise
.I lseek
calls should specify a multiple of 512 bytes.
.SH "DISK SUPPORT"
Disks must be labeled using either the standalone \fIdisklabel\fP program
on the boot tape or with the
.IR disklabel (8)
program.  The kernel no longer attempts to determine the drive type and
geometry, instead reading this information from the disklabel.  There are
no partition tables coded into the \fIxp\fP driver, these must be placed
on the drive with \fIdisklabel\fP.
.PP
Special files should only be created for the
partitions that are actually used,
as the overlap in these addresses could lead to confusion otherwise.
Traditionally
the xp?a partition is normally used for the root file system,
the xp?b partition as a swap area,
and the xp?c partition for pack-pack copying (it maps the entire disk).  
.SH FILES
.ta \w'/dev/MAKEDEV.local  'u
/dev/xp[0-7][a-h]	block files
.br
/dev/rxp[0-7][a-h]	raw files
.br
/dev/MAKEDEV	script to create special files
.br
/dev/MAKEDEV.local	script to localize special files
.SH SEE ALSO
hk(4),
ra(4),
ram(4),
rk(4),
rl(4),
rp(4),
rx(4),
si(4),
dtab(5),
autoconfig(8),
newfs(8)
.SH DIAGNOSTICS
\fBxp%d%c: hard error sn%d cs2=%b er1=%b\fR.  An unrecoverable
error occurred during transfer of the specified sector of the specified
disk partition.  The contents of the two error registers are also printed
in octal and symbolically with bits decoded.
The error was either unrecoverable, or a large number of retry attempts
(including offset positioning and drive recalibration) could not
recover the error.
.PP
\fBxp%d: write locked\fR.  The write protect switch was set on the drive
when a write was attempted.  The write operation is not recoverable.
.PP
\fBxp%d%c: soft ecc sn%d\fR.  A recoverable ECC error occurred on the
specified sector of the specified disk partition.  This happens normally
a few times a week.  If it happens more frequently than
this the sectors where the errors are occurring should be checked to see
if certain cylinders on the pack, spots on the carriage of the drive
or heads are indicated.
.PP
\fBxp%d: unknown device type 0%o\fR.  The number in the drive's drive
type register is unknown to the xp driver.
.SH BUGS
In raw I/O
.I read
and
.IR write (2)
truncate file offsets to 512-byte block boundaries,
and
.I write
scribbles on the tail of incomplete blocks.
Thus,
in programs that are likely to access raw devices,
.I read, write
and
.IR lseek (2)
should always deal in 512-byte multiples.
.PP
DEC-standard error logging should be supported.
.PP
The kernel uses partition 'h' to access the badblock information.  This 
should have been 'c' except that almost all of the /etc/disktab entries
(and thus existing systems) use 'h' for this purpose.  Unless you are
very careful with \fIdisklabel\fP|(8) (to make certain that no data
partition overlaps the badblock area) you should probably leave BADSECT
undefined in the kernel config file.