.TH TIP 1C "18 January 1983" .UC 4 .ad .SH NAME tip \- connect to a remote system .SH SYNOPSIS .B tip [ .B \-v ] [ .BI \- speed ] system-name .SH DESCRIPTION .I Tip establishes a full-duplex connection to another machine, giving the appearance of being logged in directly on the remote cpu. It goes without saying that you must have a login on the machine (or equivalent) to which you wish to connect. .PP Typed characters are normally transmitted directly to the remote machine (which does the echoing as well). A tilde (``~'') appearing as the first character of a line is an escape signal; the following are recognized: .in +5 .IP "~^D or ~." 10 Drop the connection and exit (you may still be logged in on the remote machine). .IP "~c [name]" 10 Change directory to name (no argument implies change to your home directory). .IP "~!" 10 Escape to a shell (exiting the shell will return you to tip). .IP "~>" 10 Copy file from local to remote. .IP "~<" 10 Copy file from remote to local. .IP "~p from [to]" 10 Send a file to a remote UNIX host. The put command causes the remote UNIX system to run the command string ``cat > 'to''', while tip sends it the ``from'' file. If the ``to'' file isn't specified the ``from'' file name is used. This command is actually a UNIX specific version of the ``~>'' command. .IP "~t from [to]" 10 Take a file from a remote UNIX host. As in the put command the ``to'' file defaults to the ``from'' file name if it isn't specified. The remote host executes the command string ``cat 'from';echo ^A'' to send the file to tip. .IP "~|" 10 Pipe the output from a remote command to a local UNIX process. The command string sent to the local UNIX system is processed by the shell. .IP "~#" 10 Send a BREAK to the remote system. For systems which don't support the necessary .I ioctl call the break is simulated by a sequence of line speed changes and DEL characters. .IP "~s" 10 Set a variable (see the discussion below). .IP "~^Z" 10 Stop tip (only available with job control). .IP "~?" 10 Get a summary of the tilde escapes .sp 1 .in -5 .PP Copying files requires some cooperation on the part of the remote host. When a ~> or ~< escape is used to send a file, .I tip will prompt for a file name (to be transmitted or received) and a command which will be sent to the remote system, in case the file is being transferred from the remote system. The default end of transmission string for transferring a file from the local system to the remote is specified in the .IR remote (5) file, but may be changed by the set command. While .I tip is transferring a file the number of lines transferred will be continuously displayed on the screen. A file transfer may be aborted with an interrupt. An example of the dialogue used to transfer files is given below. .nf .in +5 .sp 1 % tip mds [connected] <<Assume we are talking to another UNIX system>> login: ken Password: % cat > foo.c ~> Filename: foo.c 32 lines transferred in 1 minute 3 seconds % % ~< Filename: reply.c List command for remote host: cat reply.c 65 lines transferred in 2 minutes % <<Or, equivalently>> % ~p foo.c <<actually echo's as ~[put] foo.c>> 32 lines transferred in 1 minute 3 seconds % % ~t reply.c <<actually echo's as ~[take] reply.c>> 65 lines transferred in 2 minutes % <<To print a remote file locally>> % ~|Local command: pr -h foo.c | lpr List command for remote host: cat foo.c % ~^D [EOT] <<Back on the local system>> % .sp 1 .fi .in -5 .PP The .IR remote (5) file contains the definitions for all remote systems known by .IR tip ; refer to the remote manual page for a full description. In particular, each system-name has a default baud rate with which to establish a connection. If this value is not suitable, the baud rate to be used may be specified on the command line, e.g. ``tip -300 mds''. .PP When .I tip establishes a connection it sends out a connection message to the remote system. The default value for this string may be found in the remote file. .PP At any time that .I tip prompts for an argument (e.g. during set-up of a file transfer) the line typed may be edited with the standard erase and kill characters. A null line in response to a prompt, or an interrupt, will abort the dialogue and return you to the remote machine. .PP When .I tip attempts to connect to a remote system, it opens the associated device with an exclusive-open .IR ioctl (2) call. Thus only one user at a time may access a device. This is to prevent multiple processes from sampling the terminal line. In addition, .I tip honors the locking protocol used by .IR uucp (1). .SH "AUTO-CALL UNITS" .I Tip may be used to dial up remote systems using a number of auto-call unit's (ACU's). When the remote system description contains the ``du'' attribute, tip will use the call-unit (``cu''), ACU type (``at''), and phone numbers (``pn'') supplied. Normally tip will print out the verbose messages as it dials. See .IR remote (5) for details of the remote host specification. .PP Depending on the type of auto-dialer being used to establish a connection the remote host may have garbage characters sent to it upon connection. The user should never assume that the first characters typed to the foreign host are the first ones presented to it. The recommended practice is to immediately type a ``kill'' character upon establishing a connection (most UNIX systems support ``@'' as the initial kill character). .PP .I Tip currently supports DEC's DN-11 interface with Bell 801 or Vadic 821 callers, DEC's DF02-AC and DF03-AC, Bizcomp's 1031 and 1022 intelligent modems, and Ventel's autodialer modems. .SH "REMOTE HOST DESCRIPTIONS" Descriptions of remote hosts are normally located in the system-wide file .IR /etc/remote . However, a user may maintain personal description files (and phone numbers) by defining and exporting the shell variable .SM .BR REMOTE . The .I remote file must be readable by tip, but a secondary file describing phone numbers may be maintained readable only by the user. This secondary phone number file defaults to .IR /etc/phones , unless the shell variable .SM .B PHONES is defined and exported. As described in .IR remote (5), the .I phones file is read when the host description's phone number(s) capability is an ``@''. The phone number file contains lines of the form: .sp 1 .in +5 .nf system-name phone-number .fi .in -5 .sp 1 Each phone number found for a system is tried until either a connection is established, or an end of file is reached. Phone numbers are constructed from "0123456789-=*", where the ``='' and ``*'' are used to indicate a second dial tone should be waited for (ACU dependent). .SH VARIABLES .I Tip maintains a set of variables which are used in normal operation. Some of these variable are read-only to normal users (root is allowed to change anything of interest). Variables may be displayed and set through the ``s'' escape. The syntax for variables is patterned after the .IR vi (1) editor and the .IR mail (1) system. Supplying ``all'' as an argument to the set command displays all variables readable by the user. Alternatively, the user may request display of a particular variable by attaching a ``?'' to the end. For example ``escape?'' would display the current escape character. .PP Variables are numeric, string, character, or boolean values. Boolean variables are set merely by specifying their name. They may be reset by prepending a ``!'' to the name. Other variable types are set by appending an ``='' and the value. The entire assignment must not have any blanks in it. A single set command may be used to interrogate as well as set a number of variables. Variables may be initialized at run time by placing set commands (without the ``~s'' prefix in a file .I .tiprc in one's home directory). The \-v option causes .I tip to display the sets as they are made. .PP Finally, the variable names must either be completely specified or an abbreviation may be given. The following list details those variables known to .IR tip , their abbreviations (surrounded by brackets), and their default values. Those variables initialized from the remote file are marked with a ``*''. A mode is given for each variable; capitalization indicates the read or write capability is given only to the super-user. .ta \w'[dial]timeout 'u +\w'Type 'u +\w'Mode 'u +\w'"\et\en\ef\eb" 'u .nf .sp 1 \fBName Type Mode Default Description\fR [be]autify bool rw true discard unprintables when scripting [ba]udrate num rW * connection baud rate [dial]timeout num rW 60 timeout (seconds) when establishing connection [eofr]ead str rw * char's signifying EOT from the remote host [eofw]rite str rw * string sent for EOT [eol] str rw * char's signifying an end of line [es]cape char rw `~' command prefix character [ex]ceptions str rw "\et\en\ef\eb" char's not discarded due to beautification [fo]rce char rw `^P' forces transparency on next char [fr]amesize num rw * size of buffering between writes on reception [ho]st str r * name of host connected to [lock] str RW s.d. lock file for ACU logging [log] str RW s.d. ACU log file [phones] str r s.d. file for hidden phone numbers [pr]ompt char rW `\en' end of line indicator set by host [ra]ise bool rw false upper case mapping switch [r]aise[c]har char rw `^A' interactive toggle for raise [rec]ord str rw "tip.record" name of script output file [remote] str r s.d. system description file [sc]ript bool rw false session scripting switch [tab]expand bool rw false expand tabs during file transfers [verb]ose bool rw true make noise during file transfers [SHELL] str rw "/bin/sh" name of shell for ~! escape [HOME] str rw "" home directory for ~c escape .sp 1 .fi .IR NOTE : 1. \fIs.d.\fR indicates the default value is system dependent; normally these values are lock=/tmp/aculock, log=/usr/adm/aculog, phones=/etc/phones, and remote=/etc/remote. .SH "ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES" The following variables are read from the environment: .IP REMOTE 10 The location of the .I remote file. .IP PHONES 10 The location of the file containing private phone numbers. .IP HOST 10 A default host to connect to. .IP HOME 10 One's log-in directory (for chdirs). .IP SHELL 10 The shell to fork on a ~! escape. .SH FILES .IP "~/.tiprc" 25 Variable initialization file. .IP "/usr/spool/uucp/LCK..*" 25 Lock file to avoid conflicts with uucp. Terminated with port name. .SH DIAGNOSTICS .IP "unrecognizable host name" The phone number file is malformed. .IP "missing phone number" A line in the phone number file is incomplete; or the remote host description indicates the host should be called, but no phone number is specified. .IP "bizcomp out of sync" When using a BIZCOMP ACU the dialer must be ``synced'' up before tip will attempt to place a call. Try running .I tip again. .IP "missing device spec" The remote host description entry is missing a device specification. .IP "timedout at eol \fIn\fR" During a file transfer tip has lost contact with the remote system while waiting for a synchronizing echo. .IP "timeout error" Same as above. .PP Other diagnostics are, hopefully, self explanatory. .SH "SEE ALSO" remote(5)