4.3BSD/usr/contrib/X/doc/installation/in.3

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.NH
Installation Steps
.PP
This chapter explains in greater detail the steps covered in the overview.
It presumes the source hierarchy has been loaded in some convenient location,
and that the \fI/usr/new\fP directory
and \fI/usr/new/lib\fP directory already exist.
As distributed, the X makefile only creates \fIXvs100\fP.  If you
have source or object for other display types in their device dependent
directories, you should edit the X/X/Makefile to build them.
.NH 2
Prelude
.PP
NOTE:
As X is a network transparent window system, client programs use
network facilities to communicate with the window system.
Make sure your network code works properly BEFORE attempting to use X.
For example, \fItalk(1)\fP should be working properly between normal terminals,
or you should be able to \fIrlogin\fP to either the local or to
another machine if you have a network.
.PP
Also make sure you have made as many pseudo-teletypes as possible
(cd /dev; MAKEDEV pty0; MAKEDEV pty1).
These are used for terminal emulator windows, and it is possible you
may use quite a few of them.
.PP
If you have other machines in your network that run a 4.2BSD derived
system, you can also move the C language source code and recompile it
on those machines.
The C applications should be able to communicate with the X server on
your display.
This has only currently be tested for Sun and IBM RT/PC's, but in
principle, you should be able to interoperate properly with your Vax,
Sun, or other displays.
.NH 2
Font and Firmware Files
.PP
For each device type supported by X, fonts may differ.
There may also be local installation restrictions which may
prohibit you from using the default location of \fI/usr/new/lib/X\fP
for the fonts or other files needed by X (for example, Vs100 firmware).
In each device dependent X library should be a file \fIvssite.h\fP
which can be tailored to find the fonts and firmware in a different location.
Another reason why you may want to change the font and firmware directory
locations would be to allow use of the display while not having all of
your file systems mounted.
Tailor this file to your taste, and modify the master make file to move
the fonts and firmware to your location.
.PP
The binaries are normally installed into \fI/usr/new\fP.
If you want to change this, edit the master Makefile and change
CONFDIR to the directory you choose.
The entry ``make reconfig'' can be used to automatically edit the Makefiles
in the directories from \fI/usr/new\fP to your new configuration.
.NH 2
Building Software
.PP
To build executable versions of all X programs,
execute the command ``make all'' in the main directory.
.PP
Compiling all software takes quite a while. 
Building the X library takes the longest, as there are more than one
hundred fifty modules.
This should complete without error.
.NH 2
Installing the X Executables
.PP
As super user,
execute the command ``make install''.
This should complete without error.
.PP
This  also copies all necessary files for users to program
using X into \fI/usr/include/X\fP.
.NH 2
Building a Kernel With the Device Driver
.PP
You must add a line to your configuration file for each display you have.
Make sure the CSR address matches between your configuration file and your
hardware.
Configure, make, and install the kernel containing the display driver.
When you reboot the machine, make sure that your display auto configures
during boot.
.PP
You should also make a device entry for each display.
For a Vs100, change directory to \fI/dev\fP,
and perform a ``MAKEDEV vs?'', where `?' is the number of the Vs100 as root.
For a QVSS on a MicroVAX,
the command would be ``/etc/mknod /dev/mouse c 35 2''.
Normally, the protection on the device would be only user read/write,
but for debugging purposes you may want to temporarily change it.
.NH 2
Renaming Pseudo Teletypes
.PP
To avoid a possible race condition, and to allow consistent Unix program
behavior, we dedicate a pseudo teletype for each display's login window.
All other pty's are allocated dynamically when used.
Pseudo TTY's come in pairs, the master and the slave.
We rename them to be ``ttyv?'' where `?' is the number of the display.
.PP
So for example,
we might execute the commands:
``mv ttyqf ttyv0; mv ptyqf ptyv0'', and similarly for any other displays.
When logged in, you would appear to be logged in on ``ttyv0'' in this case.
We use the last pseudo teletypes since all other utilities start searching
from lower to higher, and we'd just as soon have them find a pty as soon
as they can.
.NH 2
Testing and Trouble Shooting
.PP
We highly recommend testing before attempting to enable
login on the display.
Error messages will go to your terminal, rather than being logged in a file.
You can use \fIxinit(1)\fP to aid you in testing, but
it is most easily performed from another terminal or from across the network.
.PP
To test a Vs100 on line 0, for example,
you would change directory to /usr/new (or wherever you decided to put the
executable programs), and would type ``Xvs100 0 0 &''.
(For a MicroVAX, the command would be ``Xqvss 0 0 &'').
The first argument is which device to use (in this case \fI/dev/vs0\fP
will be used).
There can only be one display on a MicroVAX.
The second argument is ignored.
See the \fIX(8c)\fP manual page for other options.
.PP
If everything succeeds, you should get a grey background and a large
X cursor on the screen.
For reasons we have never understood, it may take three tries to get a
VS100 display to respond.
If not, the most common mistake is the fonts or firmware to be in the
wrong location or a directory or file to not be readable.
.PP
You should now be able to run any of the X programs.
A common beginning mistake would be to forget to set the "DISPLAY"
environment variable.
Most programs also take arguments to specify the host and display number.
So, for convenience while testing, you might execute the
command ``setenv DISPLAY \fIyourhost\fP:0'' where \fIyourhost\fP is the name of your
machine when using the C-shell.
This variable will be set for you automatically
when you log in in the future.
.PP
A common problem that might prevent the \fIxterm(1)\fP
program from working is it
not being set user ID and owned by root.
The installation makefiles should be installing \fIxterm(1)\fP this way.
.PP
If everything is working, you should be ready to enable the line for login.
.NH 2
Configuring Lines in /etc/ttys
.PP
If you started X in the previous step, you will want to abort it now.
For each display you have on a machine, you
must have a line in \fI/etc/ttys\fP to drive the terminal emulator used for
login and the window system server.
NOTE:
The format of the \fI/etc/ttys\fP file has changed radically between 4.2 and
4.3.
You cannot set up a display for login on a 4.2BSD system without installing
new versions of \fI/etc/init\fP,
\fI/etc/getty\fP, and \fI/bin/login\fP from 4.3.
.PP
An example line in \fI/etc/ttys\fP is given in the \fIX(8c)\fP manual page
(though you will have to customize the line for the location and names of
the executable programs).
An example for a Vs100 installed without any reconfiguration on 4.3BSD
might be:
.sp
	ttyv0 "/usr/new/xterm -L =-1+1 :0" xterms on window="/usr/new/Xvs100 0"
.sp
You can customize these commands to taste.
.PP
You can tell \fIinit(8)\fP to re-read the \fI/etc/ttys\fP file by the command
``kill -1 1'' as super user.