4.3BSD-Reno/share/man/cat1/systat.0
SYSTAT(1) UNIX Reference Manual SYSTAT(1)
NNAAMMEE
ssyyssttaatt - display system statistics on a crt
SSYYNNOOPPSSIISS
ssyyssttaatt [--ddiissppllaayy] [_r_e_f_r_e_s_h-_i_n_t_e_r_v_a_l]
DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN
SSyyssttaatt displays various system statistics in a screen oriented fashion
using the curses screen display library, curses(3).
While ssyyssttaatt is running the screen is usually divided into two windows
(an exception is the vmstat display which uses the entire screen). The
upper window depicts the current system load average. The information
displayed in the lower window may vary, depending on user commands. The
last line on the screen is reserved for user input and error messages.
By default ssyyssttaatt displays the processes getting the largest percentage
of the processor in the lower window. Other displays show swap space
usage, disk i/o statistics (a la iostat(1)), virtual memory statistics (a
la vmstat(1)), network ``mbuf'' utilization, and network connections (a
la netstat(1)).
Input is interpreted at two different levels. A ``global'' command in-
terpreter processes all keyboard input. If this command interpreter
fails to recognize a command, the input line is passed to a per-display
command interpreter. This allows each display to have certain display-
specific commands.
Command line options:
--_d_i_s_p_l_a_y The -- flag expects _d_i_s_p_l_a_y to be one of: ppiiggss, iioossttaatt,
sswwaapp, mmbbuuffss, vvmmssttaatt or nneettssttaatt. These displays can
also be requested interactively (without the ``--'')
and are described in full detail below.
_r_e_f_r_e_s_h-_i_n_t_e_r_v_a_l The _r_e_f_r_e_s_h-_v_a_l_u_e specifies the screen refresh time
interval in seconds.
Certain characters cause immediate action by ssyyssttaatt. These are
^^LL Refresh the screen.
^^GG Print the name of the current ``display'' being shown in the
lower window and the refresh interval.
^^ZZ Stop ssyyssttaatt.
:: Move the cursor to the command line and interpret the input
line typed as a command. While entering a command the current
character erase, word erase, and line kill characters may be
used.
The following commands are interpreted by the ``global'' com-
mand interpreter.
hheellpp Print the names of the available displays on the command line.
llooaadd Print the load average over the past 1, 5, and 15 minutes on
the command line.
ssttoopp Stop refreshing the screen.
[ssttaarrtt] [_n_u_m_b_e_r]
Start (continue) refreshing the screen. If a second, numeric,
argument is provided it is interpreted as a refresh interval
(in seconds). Supplying only a number will set the refresh
interval to this value.
qquuiitt Exit ssyyssttaatt. (This may be abbreviated to qq.)
The available displays are:
ppiiggss Display, in the lower window, those processes resident in main
memory and getting the largest portion of the processor (the
default display). When less than 100% of the processor is
scheduled to user processes, the remaining time is accounted to
the ``idle'' process.
iioossttaatt Display, in the lower window, statistics about processor use
and disk throughput. Statistics on processor use appear as bar
graphs of the amount of time executing in user mode (``user''),
in user mode running low priority processes (``nice''), in sys-
tem mode (``system''), and idle (``idle''). Statistics on disk
throughput show, for each drive, kilobytes of data transferred,
number of disk transactions performed, and average seek time
(in milliseconds). This information may be displayed as bar
graphs or as rows of numbers which scroll downward. Bar graphs
are shown by default;
The following commands are specific to the iioossttaatt display; the
minimum unambiguous prefix may be supplied.
nnuummbbeerrss Show the disk i/o statistics in numeric form.
Values are displayed in numeric columns which
scroll downward.
bbaarrss Show the disk i/o statistics in bar graph form
(default).
mmssppss Toggle the display of average seek time (the
default is to not display seek times).
sswwaapp Display, in the lower window, swap space in use on each swap
device configured. Two sets of bar graphs are shown. The
upper graph displays swap space allocated to pure text segments
(code), the lower graph displays space allocated to stack and
data segments. Allocated space is sorted by its size into
buckets of size dmmin, dmmin*2, dmmin*4, up to dmmax (to re-
flect allocation policies imposed by the system). The disk
segment size, in sectors, is displayed along the left hand side
of the text, and data and stack graphs. Space allocated to the
user structure and page tables is not currently accounted for.
mmbbuuffss Display, in the lower window, the number of mbufs allocated for
particular uses, i.e. data, socket structures, etc.
vvmmssttaatt Take over the entire display and show a (rather crowded) com-
pendium of statistics related to virtual memory usage, process
scheduling, device interrupts, system name translation cache-
ing, disk i/o, etc.
The upper left quadrant of the screen shows the number of users
logged in and the load average over the last one, five, and
fifteen minute intervals. Below this line are statistics on
memory utilization. The first row of the table reports memory
usage only among active processes, that is processes that have
run in the previous twenty seconds. The second row reports on
memory usage of all processes. The first column reports on the
number of physical pages claimed by processes. The second
column reports the number of physical pages that are devoted to
read only text pages. The third and fourth columns report the
same two figures for virtual pages, that is the number of pages
that would be needed if all processes had all of their pages.
Finally the last column shows the number of physical pages on
the free list.
Below the memory display is the disk usage display. It reports
the number of seeks, transfers, and number of kilobyte blocks
transferred per second averaged over the refresh period of the
display (by default, five seconds). For some disks it also re-
ports the average milliseconds per seek. Note that the system
only keeps statistics on at most four disks.
Below the disk display is a list of the average number of
processes (over the last refresh interval) that are runnable
(`r'), in page wait (`p'), in disk wait other than paging
(`d'), sleeping (`s'), and swapped out but desiring to run
(`w'). Below the queue length listing is a numerical listing
and a bar graph showing the amount of system (shown as `='),
user (shown as `>'), nice (shown as `-'), and idle time (shown
as ` ').
At the bottom left are statistics on name translations. It
lists the number of names translated in the previous interval,
the number and percentage of the translations that were handled
by the system wide name translation cache, and the number and
percentage of the translations that were handled by the per
process name translation cache.
Under the date in the upper right hand quadrant are statistics
on paging and swapping activity. The first two columns report
the average number of pages brought in and out per second over
the last refresh interval due to page faults and the paging
daemon. The third and fourth columns report the average number
of pages brought in and out per second over the last refresh
interval due to swap requests initiated by the scheduler. The
first row of the display shows the average number of disk
transfers per second over the last refresh interval; the second
row of the display shows the average number of pages
transferred per second over the last refresh interval.
Below the paging statistics is a line listing the average
number of total reclaims ('Rec'), intransit blocking page
faults (`It'), swap text pages found in free list (`F/S'), file
system text pages found in free list (`F/F'), reclaims from
free list (`RFL'), pages freed by the clock daemon (`Fre'), and
sequential process pages freed (`SFr') per second over the re-
fresh interval.
Below this line are statistics on the average number of zero
filled pages (`zf') and demand filled text pages (`xf') per
second over the refresh period. The first row indicates the
number of requests that were resolved, the second row shows the
number that were set up, and the last row shows the percentage
of setup requests were actually used. Note that this percen-
tage is usually less than 100%, however it may exceed 100% if a
large number of requests are actually used long after they were
set up during a period when no new pages are being set up.
Thus this figure is most interesting when observed over a long
time period, such as from boot time (see below on getting such
a display).
Below the page fill statistics is a column that lists the aver-
age number of context switches (`Csw'), traps (`Trp'; includes
page faults), system calls (`Sys'), interrupts (`Int'), charac-
ters output to DZ ports using pseudo-DMA (`Pdm'), network
software interrupts (`Sof'), page faults (`Flt'), pages scanned
by the page daemon (`Scn'), and revolutions of the page
daemon's hand (`Rev') per second over the refresh interval.
Running down the right hand side of the display is a breakdown
of the interrupts being handled by the system. At the top of
the list is the total interrupts per second over the time in-
terval. The rest of the column breaks down the total on a dev-
ice by device basis. Only devices that have interrupted at
least once since boot time are shown.
The following commands are specific to the vvmmssttaatt display; the
minimum unambiguous prefix may be supplied.
bboooott Display cumulative statistics since the system
was booted.
rruunn Display statistics as a running total from the
point this command is given.
ttiimmee Display statistics averaged over the refresh
interval (the default).
zzeerroo Reset running statistics to zero.
nneettssttaatt Display, in the lower window, network connections. By default,
network servers awaiting requests are not displayed. Each ad-
dress is displayed in the format ``host.port'', with each shown
symbolically, when possible. It is possible to have addresses
displayed numerically, limit the display to a set of ports,
hosts, and/or protocols (the minimum unambiguous prefix may be
supplied):
aallll Toggle the displaying of server processes
awaiting requests (this is the equivalent of
the --aa flag to _n_e_t_s_t_a_t _1).
nnuummbbeerrss Display network addresses numerically.
nnaammeess Display network addresses symbolically.
_p_r_o_t_o_c_o_l Display only network connections using the
indicated protocol (currently either ``tcp''
or ``udp'').
iiggnnoorree [_i_t_e_m_s]
Do not display information about connections
associated with the specified hosts or ports.
Hosts and ports may be specified by name
(``ucbmonet'', ``ftp''), or numerically.
Host addresses use the Internet dot notation
(``128.32.0.9''). Multiple items may be
specified with a single command by separating
them with spaces.
ddiissppllaayy [_i_t_e_m_s]
Display information about the connections
associated with the specified hosts or ports.
As for _i_g_n_o_r_e, [_i_t_e_m_s] may be names or
numbers.
sshhooww [_p_o_r_t_s|_h_o_s_t_s]
Show, on the command line, the currently
selected protocols, hosts, and ports. Hosts
and ports which are being ignored are
prefixed with a `!'. If _p_o_r_t_s or _h_o_s_t_s is
supplied as an argument to sshhooww, then only
the requested information will be displayed.
rreesseett Reset the port, host, and protocol matching
mechanisms to the default (any protocol,
port, or host).
Commands to switch between displays may be abbreviated to the minimum
unambiguous prefix; for example, ``io'' for ``iostat''. Certain informa-
tion may be discarded when the screen size is insufficient for display.
For example, on a machine with 10 drives the iioossttaatt bar graph displays
only 3 drives on a 24 line terminal. When a bar graph would overflow the
allotted screen space it is truncated and the actual value is printed
``over top'' of the bar.
The following commands are common to each display which shows information
about disk drives. These commands are used to select a set of drives to
report on, should your system have more drives configured than can nor-
mally be displayed on the screen.
iiggnnoorree [_d_r_i_v_e_s] Do not display information about the drives
indicated. Multiple drives may be specified,
separated by spaces.
ddiissppllaayy [_d_r_i_v_e_s] Display information about the drives
indicated. Multiple drives may be specified,
separated by spaces.
FFIILLEESS
/_v_m_u_n_i_x for the namelist
/_d_e_v/_k_m_e_m for information in main memory
/_d_e_v/_d_r_u_m for information about swapped out processes
/_e_t_c/_h_o_s_t_s for host names
/_e_t_c/_n_e_t_w_o_r_k_s for network names
/_e_t_c/_s_e_r_v_i_c_e_s for port names
AAUUTTHHOORR
The unknown hacker. The ppiiggss display is derived from a program of the
same name written by Bill Reeves.
HHIISSTTOORRYY
ssyyssttaatt appeared in 4.3 BSD.
BBUUGGSS
Takes 2-10 percent of the cpu. Certain displays presume a 24 line by 80
character terminal. The swap space display should account for space al-
located to the user structure and page tables. The vvmmssttaatt display looks
out of place because it is (it was added in as a separate display rather
than create a new program).
The whole thing is pretty hokey and was included in the distribution
under serious duress.