4.3BSD-Reno/share/man/cat4/hp300/rd.0
RD(4) 1990 RD(4)
NNAAMMEE
rd - CS/80 disk interface
SSYYNNOOPPSSIISS
mmaasstteerr hhppiibb?? aatt ssccooddee??
ddiisskk rrdd?? aatt hhppiibb?? ssllaavvee??
DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN
This is a generic CS/80 disk driver. Only a small number of
possible CS/80 drives are supported, but others can easily
be added by adding tables to the driver.
Files with minor device numbers 0 through 7 refer to various
portions of drive 0; minor devices 8 through 15 refer to
drive 1, etc. The standard device names begin with ``rd''
followed by the drive number and then a letter a-h for par-
titions 0-7 respectively. The character ? stands here for a
drive number in the range 0-7.
The block files access the disk via the system's normal
buffering mechanism and may be read and written without
regard to physical disk records. There is also a `raw'
interface which provides for direct transmission between the
disk and the user's read or write buffer. A single read or
write call results in exactly one I/O operation and there-
fore raw I/O is considerably more efficient when many words
are transmitted. The names of the raw files conventionally
begin with an extra `r.'
In raw I/O counts should be a multiple of 512 bytes (a disk
sector). Likewise _s_e_e_k calls should specify a multiple of
512 bytes.
DDIISSKK SSUUPPPPOORRTT
The driver interrogates the controller to determine the type
of drive attached. The driver recognizes the following
drives: 7912, 7914, 7933, 7936, 7937, 7945, 7957A/B,
7958A/B, 7959B, 7962, 7963, 9122, 9134, 7912, 7936, and
9122, not all of which have been tested. The origin and
size of the pseudo-disks on each drive are as follows:
7945/7946 partitions:
disk start length cyls
rd?a 112 15904 1-142
rd?b 16016 20160 143-322
rd?c 0 108416 0-967
rd?d 16016 40320 143-502
rd?e undefined
rd?f undefined
rd?g 36176 72240 323-967
rd?h 56336 52080 503-967
Printed 7/27/90 June 1
RD(4) 1990 RD(4)
9134D partitions:
disk start length cyls
rd?a 96 15936 1-166
rd?b 16032 13056 167-302
rd?c 0 29088 0-302
rd?d undefined
rd?e undefined
rd?f undefined
rd?g undefined
rd?h undefined
9122S partitions:
disk start length cyls
rd?a undefined
rd?b undefined
rd?c 0 1232 0-76
rd?d undefined
rd?e undefined
rd?f undefined
rd?g undefined
rd?h undefined
7912P partitions:
disk start length cyls
rd?a 0 15904 0-70
rd?b 16128 22400 72-171
rd?c 0 128128 0-571
rd?d 16128 42560 72-261
rd?e undefined
rd?f undefined
rd?g 38528 89600 172-571
rd?h 58688 69440 262-571
7914CT/P partitions:
disk start length cyls
rd?a 224 15904 1-71
rd?b 16128 40320 72-251
rd?c 0 258048 0-1151
rd?d 16128 64960 72-361
rd?e 81088 98560 362-801
rd?f 179648 78400 802-1151
rd?g 56448 201600 252-1151
rd?h 81088 176960 362-1151
7958A partitions:
disk start length cyls
rd?a 252 16128 1-64
rd?b 16380 32256 65-192
rd?c 0 255276 0-1012
rd?d 16380 48384 65-256
rd?e 64764 100800 257-656
rd?f 165564 89712 657-1012
Printed 7/27/90 June 2
RD(4) 1990 RD(4)
rd?g 48636 206640 193-1012
rd?h 64764 190512 257-1012
7957A partitions:
disk start length cyls
rd?a 154 16016 1-104
rd?b 16170 24640 105-264
rd?c 0 159544 0-1035
rd?d 16170 42350 105-379
rd?e 58520 54824 380-735
rd?f 113344 46200 736-1035
rd?g 40810 118734 265-1035
rd?h 58520 101024 380-1035
7933H partitions:
disk start length cyls
rd?a 598 16146 1-27
rd?b 16744 66976 28-139
rd?c 0 789958 0-1320
rd?d 83720 16146 140-166
rd?e 99866 165646 167-443
rd?f 265512 165646 444-720
rd?g 83720 706238 140-1320
rd?h 431158 358800 721-1320
9134L partitions:
disk start length cyls
rd?a 80 15920 1-199
rd?b 16000 20000 200-449
rd?c 0 77840 0-972
rd?d 16000 32000 200-599
rd?e undefined
rd?f undefined
rd?g 36000 41840 450-972
rd?h 48000 29840 600-972
7936H partitions:
disk start length cyls
rd?a 861 16359 1-19
rd?b 17220 67158 20-97
rd?c 0 600978 0-697
rd?d 84378 16359 98-116
rd?e 100737 120540 117-256
rd?f 220416 120540 256-395
rd?g 84378 516600 98-697
rd?h 341817 259161 397-697
7937H partitions:
disk start length cyls
rd?a 1599 15990 1-10
rd?b 17589 67158 11-52
rd?c 0 1116102 0-697
Printed 7/27/90 June 3
RD(4) 1990 RD(4)
rd?d 84747 15990 53-62
rd?e 100737 246246 63-216
rd?f 346983 246246 217-370
rd?g 84747 1031355 53-697
rd?h 593229 522873 371-697
7957B/7961B partitions:
disk start length cyls
rd?a 126 16002 1-127
rd?b 16128 32760 128-387
rd?c 0 159894 0-1268
rd?d 16128 49140 128-517
rd?e 65268 50400 518-917
rd?f 115668 44226 918-1268
rd?g 48888 111006 388-1268
rd?h 65268 94626 518-1268
7958B/7962B partitions:
disk start length cyls
rd?a 378 16254 1-43
rd?b 16632 32886 44-130
rd?c 0 297108 0-785
rd?d 16632 49140 44-173
rd?e 65772 121716 174-495
rd?f 187488 109620 496-785
rd?g 49518 247590 131-785
rd?h 65772 231336 174-785
7959B/7963B partitions:
disk start length cyls
rd?a 378 16254 1-43
rd?b 16632 49140 44-173
rd?c 0 594216 0-1571
rd?d 16632 65772 44-217
rd?e 82404 303912 218-1021
rd?f 386316 207900 1022-1571
rd?g 65772 528444 174-1571
rd?h 82404 511812 218-1571
It is unwise for all of these files to be present in one
installation, since there is overlap in addresses and pro-
tection becomes a sticky matter. The eight partitions as
given support four basic, non-overlapping layouts, though
not all partitions exist on all drive types.
In the first layout there are three partitions and a ``boot-
block'' area. The bootblock area is at the beginning of the
disk and holds the standalone disk boot program. The rd?a
partition is for the root file system, rd?b is a
paging/swapping area, and rd?g is for everything else.
Printed 7/27/90 June 4
RD(4) 1990 RD(4)
The second layout is the same idea, but has a larger
paging/swapping partition (rd?d) and a smaller ``everything
else'' partition (rd?h). This layout is better for environ-
ments which run many large processes.
The third layout is a variation of the second, but breaks
the rd?h partition into two partitions, rd?e and rd?f.
The final layout is intended for a large, single file system
second disk. It is also used when writing out the boot pro-
gram since it is the only partition mapping the bootblock
area.
FFIILLEESS
/dev/rd[0-7][a-h] block files
/dev/rrd[0-7][a-h] raw files
DDIIAAGGNNOOSSTTIICCSS
rrdd%%dd eerrrr:: vv%%dd uu%%dd,, RR00xx%%xx FF00xx%%xx AA00xx%%xx II00xx%%xx,, bblloocckk %%dd
An unrecoverable data error occurred during transfer of the
specified block on the specified disk.
BBUUGGSS
The current disk partitioning is totally bogus. CS/80
drives have 256 byte sectors which are mapped to 512 byte
``sectors'' by the driver. Since some CS/80 drives have an
odd number of sectors per cylinder, the disk geometry used
is not always accurate.
The partition tables for the file systems should be read off
of each pack, as they are never quite what any single
installation would prefer, and this would make packs more
portable.
In raw I/O _r_e_a_d and _w_r_i_t_e(2) truncate file offsets to 512-
byte block boundaries, and _w_r_i_t_e scribbles on the tail of
incomplete blocks. Thus, in programs that are likely to
access raw devices, _r_e_a_d, _w_r_i_t_e and _l_s_e_e_k(2) should always
deal in 512-byte multiples.
A program to analyze the logged error information (even in
its present reduced form) is needed.
Printed 7/27/90 June 5