.\" Copyright (c) 1983 The Regents of the University of California. .\" All rights reserved. .\" .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms are permitted provided .\" that: (1) source distributions retain this entire copyright notice and .\" comment, and (2) distributions including binaries display the following .\" acknowledgement: ``This product includes software developed by the .\" University of California, Berkeley and its contributors'' in the .\" documentation or other materials provided with the distribution and in .\" all advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software. .\" Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors may .\" be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without .\" specific prior written permission. .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED .\" WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF .\" MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. .\" .\" @(#)flock.2 6.6 (Berkeley) 6/23/90 .\" .TH FLOCK 2 "June 23, 1990" .UC 5 .SH NAME flock \- apply or remove an advisory lock on an open file .SH SYNOPSIS .nf .ft B #include <sys/file.h> .PP .ft B .DT #define LOCK_SH 1 /* shared lock */ #define LOCK_EX 2 /* exclusive lock */ #define LOCK_NB 4 /* don't block when locking */ #define LOCK_UN 8 /* unlock */ .PP .ft B flock(fd, operation) int fd, operation; .fi .SH DESCRIPTION .I Flock applies or removes an .I advisory lock on the file associated with the file descriptor .IR fd . A lock is applied by specifying an .I operation parameter that is the inclusive or of LOCK_SH or LOCK_EX and, possibly, LOCK_NB. To unlock an existing lock .I operation should be LOCK_UN. .PP Advisory locks allow cooperating processes to perform consistent operations on files, but do not guarantee consistency (i.e., processes may still access files without using advisory locks possibly resulting in inconsistencies). .PP The locking mechanism allows two types of locks: .I shared locks and .I exclusive locks. At any time multiple shared locks may be applied to a file, but at no time are multiple exclusive, or both shared and exclusive, locks allowed simultaneously on a file. .PP A shared lock may be .I upgraded to an exclusive lock, and vice versa, simply by specifying the appropriate lock type; this results in the previous lock being released and the new lock applied (possibly after other processes have gained and released the lock). .PP Requesting a lock on an object that is already locked normally causes the caller to be blocked until the lock may be acquired. If LOCK_NB is included in .IR operation , then this will not happen; instead the call will fail and the error EWOULDBLOCK will be returned. .SH NOTES Locks are on files, not file descriptors. That is, file descriptors duplicated through .IR dup (2) or .IR fork (2) do not result in multiple instances of a lock, but rather multiple references to a single lock. If a process holding a lock on a file forks and the child explicitly unlocks the file, the parent will lose its lock. .PP Processes blocked awaiting a lock may be awakened by signals. .SH "RETURN VALUE Zero is returned if the operation was successful; on an error a \-1 is returned and an error code is left in the global location \fIerrno\fP. .SH "ERRORS The \fIflock\fP call fails if: .TP 20 [EWOULDBLOCK] The file is locked and the LOCK_NB option was specified. .TP 20 [EBADF] The argument \fIfd\fP is an invalid descriptor. .TP 20 [EINVAL] The argument \fIfd\fP refers to an object other than a file. .SH "SEE ALSO" open(2), close(2), dup(2), execve(2), fork(2)