4.3BSD-Reno/share/man/cat1/dd.0

DD(1)			    UNIX Reference Manual			 DD(1)

NNAAMMEE
     dddd - Convert and copy a file.

SSYYNNOOPPSSIISS
     dddd [options ...]

DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN
     The dddd utility copies the specified input file to the specified output
     with possible conversions.

     The following options are available:

     iiff==_f_i_l_e   Input pathname; standard input is default.

     ooff==_f_i_l_e   Output pathname; standard output is default.

     iibbss==_n     Input block size _n bytes (default is 512 bytes).

     oobbss==_n     Output block size (default is 512 bytes).

     bbss==_n      Set both input and output block size, superseding iibbss and oobbss.

     ccbbss==_n     Conversion buffer size

     sskkiipp==_n    Skip _n input blocks (each block is the size of iibbss) before
	       starting copy.

     sseeeekk==_n    Seek n blocks (each block is the size of obs) from beginning of
	       output file before copying.

     ccoouunntt==_n   Copy only _n input blocks.

     ccoonnvv==_v_a_l_u_e[_v_a_l_u_e ...]
	       Where values are comma-separated symbols from the following
	       list.

	       bblloocckk	 Convert variable length records to fixed length.
			 Read characters into the ccbbss buffer, delete a trail-
			 ing <newline>, and pad to the length of the ccbbss
			 buffer with <space>s.	bblloocckk and uunnbblloocckk are mutually
			 exclusive.

	       uunnbblloocckk	 Convert fixed length records to variable length.
			 Read a number of characters equal to the size of the
			 ccbbss buffer, delete all trailing <blank>s, and append
			 a <newline>.

	       llccaassee	 Map characters in the alpha character classification
			 from class upper to the corresponding value in class
			 lower.  llccaassee and uuccaassee are mutually exclusive.

	       uuccaassee	 Map characters in the alpha character classification
			 from class lower to the corresponding value in class
			 upper.

	       sswwaabb	 Swap every pair of bytes

	       nnooeerrrroorr	 Do not stop processing on an error.

	       ssyynncc	 Pad every input block to the size of iibbss buffer, ap-
			 pending <space> characters.

     Where sizes are specified, a decimal number of bytes is expected.	A size
     can end with kk or bb to specify multiplication by 1024 or 512, respective-
     ly.  A pair of sizes can be separated by xx to indicate a product.
     If the option iiff== is not specified, the standard input is used.

     The input files can be any file type and on completion, dddd writes the
     number of input and output blocks, full and partial counts, to the stan-
     dard error.

     A partial block may be caused by a read or write operation transferring
     less than iibbss bytes.  Only bytes read have conversions, as specified by
     the options, applied to them.

     For SIGINT, the dddd utility writes status information to standard error
     before exiting.  It takes the default action for all other signals.

     The dddd utility exits 0 on success, and >0 if an error occurs.

     If an error is detected, and the noerror option has not been supplied,
     the cause is reported and the dddd utility aborts the copy of the file.

SSEEEE AALLSSOO
     tr(1)

SSTTAANNDDAARRDDSS
     The dddd function is expected to be POSIX 1003.2 compatible.