4.3BSD-Reno/share/man/cat8/route.0

ROUTE(8)		      1990			 ROUTE(8)



NNAAMMEE
     route - manually manipulate the routing tables (Interim)

SSYYNNOOPPSSIISS
     rroouuttee [ --nn ] [ --qq ] [ --vv ] _c_o_m_m_a_n_d [ [ _m_o_d_i_f_i_e_r_s ] _a_r_g_s ]

DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN
     _R_o_u_t_e is a program used to manually manipulate the network
     routing tables.  It normally is not needed, as the system
     routing table management daemon, _r_o_u_t_e_d(8C), should tend to
     this task.

     _R_o_u_t_e accepts five commands: _a_d_d, to add a route, _f_l_u_s_h, to
     remove all routes, _d_e_l_e_t_e, to delete a specific route,
     _c_h_a_n_g_e, to changes aspects of a route (such as its gateway),
     and _m_o_n_i_t_o_r, to report any changes to the routing informa-
     tion base, routing lookup misses, or suspected network par-
     tionings.

     The monitor command has the syntax
       rroouuttee [ --nn ] mmoonniittoorr

     The flush command has the syntax
       rroouuttee [ --nn ] [ --nn ] fflluusshh [ _f_a_m_i_l_y ]

     where the address family may be specified by any of the --
     oossii, --xxnnss, or --iinneett keywords.

     The other commands have the following syntax:

       rroouuttee [ -_n ] _c_o_m_m_a_n_d [ --nneett | --hhoosstt ] _d_e_s_t_i_n_a_t_i_o_n _g_a_t_e_w_a_y

     where _d_e_s_t_i_n_a_t_i_o_n is the destination host or network, _g_a_t_e_-
     _w_a_y is the next-hop gateway to which packets should be
     addressed.  Routes to a particular host are distinguished
     from those to a network by interpreting the Internet address
     associated with _d_e_s_t_i_n_a_t_i_o_n.  The optional keywords --nneett and
     --hhoosstt force the destination to be interpreted as a network
     or a host, respectively.  Otherwise, if the _d_e_s_t_i_n_a_t_i_o_n has
     a ``local address part'' of INADDR_ANY, or if the _d_e_s_t_i_n_a_-
     _t_i_o_n is the symbolic name of a network, then the route is
     assumed to be to a network; otherwise, it is presumed to be
     a route to a host.

     For example, 128.32 is interpreted as -_h_o_s_t 128.0.0.32,
     128.32.130 is interpreted as -_h_o_s_t 128.32.0.130; -_n_e_t _1_2_8._3_2
     is interpreted as 128.32.0.0, and -_n_e_t _1_2_8._3_2._1_3_0 is inter-
     preted as 128.32.130.0.

     If the route is via an interface rather than via a gateway,
     the -_i_n_t_e_r_f_a_c_e modifier should be specified; the gateway
     given is the address of this host on the common network,



Printed 7/27/90               June				1






ROUTE(8)		      1990			 ROUTE(8)



     indicating the interface to be used for transmission.

     The optional modifiers -_x_n_s, and -_o_s_i specify that all sub-
     sequent addresses are in the XNS or OSI address families,
     and the names must be numeric specifications rather than
     symbolic names.

     The optional -_n_e_t_m_a_s_k qualifier is intended to acheieve the
     effect of an OSI ESIS redirect with the netmask option.  One
     specifies an additional ensuing address parameter (to be
     interpreted as a network mask).  One can override the impli-
     cit network mask generated in the inet case by making sure
     this option follows the destination parameter.

     The optional modifiers -_r_t_t, -_r_t_t_v_a_r, -_s_e_n_d_p_i_p_e, -_r_e_c_v_p_i_p_e,
     -_m_t_u, -_h_o_p_c_o_u_n_t, -_e_x_p_i_r_e, and -_s_s_t_h_r_e_s_h provide initial
     values to metrics maintained in the routing entry.  These
     may be individually locked by preceding each such modifier
     to be locked by the -_l_o_c_k meta-modifier, or one can specify
     that all ensuing metrics may be locked by the -_l_o_c_k_r_e_s_t
     meta-modifier.

     All symbolic names specified for a _d_e_s_t_i_n_a_t_i_o_n or _g_a_t_e_w_a_y
     are looked up first as a host name using _g_e_t_h_o_s_t_b_y_n_a_m_e(3N).
     If this lookup fails, _g_e_t_n_e_t_b_y_n_a_m_e(3N) is then used to
     interpret the name as that of a network.

     _R_o_u_t_e uses a routing socket and the new message types
     RTM_ADD, RTM_DELETE, and RTM_CHANGE.  As such, only the
     super-user may modify the routing tables.

     If the fflluusshh command is specified, _r_o_u_t_e will ``flush'' the
     routing tables of all gateway entries.  One can choose to
     flush only those routes whose destinations are of a given
     address family, by specifying an optional keyword describing
     which address family.

     The --nn option prevents attempts to print host and network
     names symbolically when reporting actions.  The --vv option
     causes additional details to be printed.  The --qq option
     supresses all output.

DDIIAAGGNNOOSSTTIICCSS
     ``aadddd [[ hhoosstt || nneettwwoorrkk ]] %%ss:: ggaatteewwaayy %%ss ffllaaggss %%xx''
     The specified route is being added to the tables.	The
     values printed are from the routing table entry supplied in
     the _i_o_c_t_l call.  If the gateway address used was not the
     primary address of the gateway (the first one returned by
     _g_e_t_h_o_s_t_b_y_n_a_m_e), the gateway address is printed numerically
     as well as symbolically.





Printed 7/27/90               June				2






ROUTE(8)		      1990			 ROUTE(8)



     ``ddeelleettee [[ hhoosstt || nneettwwoorrkk ]] %%ss:: ggaatteewwaayy %%ss ffllaaggss %%xx''
     As above, but when deleting an entry.

     ``%%ss %%ss ddoonnee''
     When the --ff flag is specified, each routing table entry
     deleted is indicated with a message of this form.

     ``NNeettwwoorrkk iiss uunnrreeaacchhaabbllee''
     An attempt to add a route failed because the gateway listed
     was not on a directly-connected network.  The next-hop gate-
     way must be given.

     ``nnoott iinn ttaabbllee''
     A delete operation was attempted for an entry which wasn't
     present in the tables.

     ``rroouuttiinngg ttaabbllee oovveerrffllooww''
     An add operation was attempted, but the system was low on
     resources and was unable to allocate memory to create the
     new entry.

SSEEEE AALLSSOO
     netintro(4), routed(8), XNSrouted(8)
































Printed 7/27/90               June				3