4.3BSD-Reno/src/sbin/newfs/newfs.c
/*
* Copyright (c) 1983, 1989 The Regents of the University of California.
* All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms are permitted provided
* that: (1) source distributions retain this entire copyright notice and
* comment, and (2) distributions including binaries display the following
* acknowledgement: ``This product includes software developed by the
* University of California, Berkeley and its contributors'' in the
* documentation or other materials provided with the distribution and in
* all advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software.
* Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors may
* be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without
* specific prior written permission.
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
* WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
* MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
*/
#ifndef lint
static char sccsid[] = "@(#)newfs.c 6.22 (Berkeley) 6/19/90";
#endif /* not lint */
#ifndef lint
char copyright[] =
"@(#) Copyright (c) 1983, 1989 Regents of the University of California.\n\
All rights reserved.\n";
#endif /* not lint */
/*
* newfs: friendly front end to mkfs
*/
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <ufs/fs.h>
#include <ufs/dir.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <sys/disklabel.h>
#include <sys/file.h>
#include <sys/mount.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <paths.h>
#define COMPAT /* allow non-labeled disks */
/*
* The following two constants set the default block and fragment sizes.
* Both constants must be a power of 2 and meet the following constraints:
* MINBSIZE <= DESBLKSIZE <= MAXBSIZE
* sectorsize <= DESFRAGSIZE <= DESBLKSIZE
* DESBLKSIZE / DESFRAGSIZE <= 8
*/
#define DFL_FRAGSIZE 1024
#define DFL_BLKSIZE 8192
/*
* Cylinder groups may have up to many cylinders. The actual
* number used depends upon how much information can be stored
* on a single cylinder. The default is to use 16 cylinders
* per group.
*/
#define DESCPG 16 /* desired fs_cpg */
/*
* MINFREE gives the minimum acceptable percentage of file system
* blocks which may be free. If the freelist drops below this level
* only the superuser may continue to allocate blocks. This may
* be set to 0 if no reserve of free blocks is deemed necessary,
* however throughput drops by fifty percent if the file system
* is run at between 90% and 100% full; thus the default value of
* fs_minfree is 10%. With 10% free space, fragmentation is not a
* problem, so we choose to optimize for time.
*/
#define MINFREE 10
#define DEFAULTOPT FS_OPTTIME
/*
* ROTDELAY gives the minimum number of milliseconds to initiate
* another disk transfer on the same cylinder. It is used in
* determining the rotationally optimal layout for disk blocks
* within a file; the default of fs_rotdelay is 4ms.
*/
#define ROTDELAY 4
/*
* MAXCONTIG sets the default for the maximum number of blocks
* that may be allocated sequentially. Since UNIX drivers are
* not capable of scheduling multi-block transfers, this defaults
* to 1 (ie no contiguous blocks are allocated).
*/
#define MAXCONTIG 1
/*
* MAXBLKPG determines the maximum number of data blocks which are
* placed in a single cylinder group. The default is one indirect
* block worth of data blocks.
*/
#define MAXBLKPG(bsize) ((bsize) / sizeof(daddr_t))
/*
* Each file system has a number of inodes statically allocated.
* We allocate one inode slot per NFPI fragments, expecting this
* to be far more than we will ever need.
*/
#define NFPI 4
/*
* For each cylinder we keep track of the availability of blocks at different
* rotational positions, so that we can lay out the data to be picked
* up with minimum rotational latency. NRPOS is the default number of
* rotational positions that we distinguish. With NRPOS of 8 the resolution
* of our summary information is 2ms for a typical 3600 rpm drive.
*/
#define NRPOS 8 /* number distinct rotational positions */
int mfs; /* run as the memory based filesystem */
int Nflag; /* run without writing file system */
int fssize; /* file system size */
int ntracks; /* # tracks/cylinder */
int nsectors; /* # sectors/track */
int nphyssectors; /* # sectors/track including spares */
int secpercyl; /* sectors per cylinder */
int trackspares = -1; /* spare sectors per track */
int cylspares = -1; /* spare sectors per cylinder */
int sectorsize; /* bytes/sector */
#ifdef tahoe
int realsectorsize; /* bytes/sector in hardware */
#endif
int rpm; /* revolutions/minute of drive */
int interleave; /* hardware sector interleave */
int trackskew = -1; /* sector 0 skew, per track */
int headswitch; /* head switch time, usec */
int trackseek; /* track-to-track seek, usec */
int fsize = 0; /* fragment size */
int bsize = 0; /* block size */
int cpg = DESCPG; /* cylinders/cylinder group */
int cpgflg; /* cylinders/cylinder group flag was given */
int minfree = MINFREE; /* free space threshold */
int opt = DEFAULTOPT; /* optimization preference (space or time) */
int density; /* number of bytes per inode */
int maxcontig = MAXCONTIG; /* max contiguous blocks to allocate */
int rotdelay = ROTDELAY; /* rotational delay between blocks */
int maxbpg; /* maximum blocks per file in a cyl group */
int nrpos = NRPOS; /* # of distinguished rotational positions */
int bbsize = BBSIZE; /* boot block size */
int sbsize = SBSIZE; /* superblock size */
int mntflags; /* flags to be passed to mount */
u_long memleft; /* virtual memory available */
caddr_t membase; /* start address of memory based filesystem */
#ifdef COMPAT
char *disktype;
int unlabelled;
#endif
char device[MAXPATHLEN];
char *progname;
extern int errno;
char *index();
char *rindex();
main(argc, argv)
int argc;
char *argv[];
{
char *cp, *special, *rindex();
register struct partition *pp;
register struct disklabel *lp;
struct disklabel *getdisklabel();
struct partition oldpartition;
struct mfs_args args;
struct stat st;
int fsi, fso;
register int i;
int status;
char buf[BUFSIZ];
if ((progname = rindex(*argv, '/') + 1) == (char *)1)
progname = *argv;
if (!strcmp(progname, "mfs")) {
Nflag++;
mfs++;
}
argc--, argv++;
while (argc > 0 && argv[0][0] == '-') {
for (cp = &argv[0][1]; *cp; cp++)
switch (*cp) {
case 'F':
if (!mfs)
fatal("-F: unknown flag");
if (argc < 1)
fatal("-F: mount flags");
argc--, argv++;
mntflags = atoi(*argv);
if (mntflags == 0)
fatal("%s: bad mount flags", *argv);
goto next;
case 'N':
Nflag++;
break;
case 'S':
if (argc < 1)
fatal("-S: missing sector size");
argc--, argv++;
sectorsize = atoi(*argv);
if (sectorsize <= 0)
fatal("%s: bad sector size", *argv);
goto next;
#ifdef COMPAT
case 'T':
if (argc < 1)
fatal("-T: missing disk type");
argc--, argv++;
disktype = *argv;
goto next;
#endif
case 'a':
if (argc < 1)
fatal("-a: missing max contiguous blocks\n");
argc--, argv++;
maxcontig = atoi(*argv);
if (maxcontig <= 0)
fatal("%s: bad max contiguous blocks\n",
*argv);
goto next;
case 'b':
if (argc < 1)
fatal("-b: missing block size");
argc--, argv++;
bsize = atoi(*argv);
if (bsize < MINBSIZE)
fatal("%s: bad block size", *argv);
goto next;
case 'c':
if (argc < 1)
fatal("-c: missing cylinders/group");
argc--, argv++;
cpg = atoi(*argv);
if (cpg <= 0)
fatal("%s: bad cylinders/group", *argv);
cpgflg++;
goto next;
case 'd':
if (argc < 1)
fatal("-d: missing rotational delay\n");
argc--, argv++;
rotdelay = atoi(*argv);
if (rotdelay < 0)
fatal("%s: bad rotational delay\n",
*argv);
goto next;
case 'e':
if (argc < 1)
fatal("-e: missing blocks pre file in a cyl group\n");
argc--, argv++;
maxbpg = atoi(*argv);
if (maxbpg <= 0)
fatal("%s: bad blocks per file in a cyl group\n",
*argv);
goto next;
case 'f':
if (argc < 1)
fatal("-f: missing frag size");
argc--, argv++;
fsize = atoi(*argv);
if (fsize <= 0)
fatal("%s: bad frag size", *argv);
goto next;
case 'i':
if (argc < 1)
fatal("-i: missing bytes per inode\n");
argc--, argv++;
density = atoi(*argv);
if (density <= 0)
fatal("%s: bad bytes per inode\n",
*argv);
goto next;
case 'k':
if (argc < 1)
fatal("-k: track skew");
argc--, argv++;
trackskew = atoi(*argv);
if (trackskew < 0)
fatal("%s: bad track skew", *argv);
goto next;
case 'l':
if (argc < 1)
fatal("-l: interleave");
argc--, argv++;
interleave = atoi(*argv);
if (interleave <= 0)
fatal("%s: bad interleave", *argv);
goto next;
case 'm':
if (argc < 1)
fatal("-m: missing free space %%\n");
argc--, argv++;
minfree = atoi(*argv);
if (minfree < 0 || minfree > 99)
fatal("%s: bad free space %%\n",
*argv);
goto next;
case 'n':
if (argc < 1)
fatal("-n: missing rotational layout count\n");
argc--, argv++;
nrpos = atoi(*argv);
if (nrpos <= 0)
fatal("%s: bad rotational layout count\n",
*argv);
goto next;
case 'o':
if (argc < 1)
fatal("-o: missing optimization preference");
argc--, argv++;
if (strcmp(*argv, "space") == 0)
opt = FS_OPTSPACE;
else if (strcmp(*argv, "time") == 0)
opt = FS_OPTTIME;
else
fatal("%s: bad optimization preference %s",
*argv,
"(options are `space' or `time')");
goto next;
case 'p':
if (argc < 1)
fatal("-p: spare sectors per track");
argc--, argv++;
trackspares = atoi(*argv);
if (trackspares < 0)
fatal("%s: bad spare sectors per track", *argv);
goto next;
case 'r':
if (argc < 1)
fatal("-r: missing revs/minute\n");
argc--, argv++;
rpm = atoi(*argv);
if (rpm <= 0)
fatal("%s: bad revs/minute\n", *argv);
goto next;
case 's':
if (argc < 1)
fatal("-s: missing file system size");
argc--, argv++;
fssize = atoi(*argv);
if (fssize <= 0)
fatal("%s: bad file system size",
*argv);
goto next;
case 't':
if (argc < 1)
fatal("-t: missing track total");
argc--, argv++;
ntracks = atoi(*argv);
if (ntracks <= 0)
fatal("%s: bad total tracks", *argv);
goto next;
case 'u':
if (argc < 1)
fatal("-u: missing sectors/track");
argc--, argv++;
nsectors = atoi(*argv);
if (nsectors <= 0)
fatal("%s: bad sectors/track", *argv);
goto next;
case 'x':
if (argc < 1)
fatal("-x: spare sectors per cylinder");
argc--, argv++;
cylspares = atoi(*argv);
if (cylspares < 0)
fatal("%s: bad spare sectors per cylinder", *argv);
goto next;
default:
fatal("-%c: unknown flag", *cp);
}
next:
argc--, argv++;
}
if (argc < 1) {
if (mfs)
fprintf(stderr,
"usage: mfs [ fsoptions ] special-device %s\n",
"mount-point");
else
#ifdef COMPAT
fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s\n",
"newfs [ fsoptions ] special-device [device-type]");
#else
fprintf(stderr,
"usage: newfs [ fsoptions ] special-device\n");
#endif
fprintf(stderr, "where fsoptions are:\n");
fprintf(stderr, "\t-N do not create file system, %s\n",
"just print out parameters");
#ifdef COMPAT
fprintf(stderr, "\t-T disktype\n");
#endif
fprintf(stderr, "\t-b block size\n");
fprintf(stderr, "\t-f frag size\n");
fprintf(stderr, "\t-m minimum free space %%\n");
fprintf(stderr, "\t-o optimization preference %s\n",
"(`space' or `time')");
fprintf(stderr, "\t-a maximum contiguous blocks\n");
fprintf(stderr, "\t-d rotational delay between %s\n",
"contiguous blocks");
fprintf(stderr, "\t-e maximum blocks per file in a %s\n",
"cylinder group");
fprintf(stderr, "\t-i number of bytes per inode\n");
fprintf(stderr, "\t-c cylinders/group\n");
fprintf(stderr, "\t-n number of distinguished %s\n",
"rotational positions");
fprintf(stderr, "\t-s file system size (sectors)\n");
fprintf(stderr, "\t-r revolutions/minute\n");
fprintf(stderr, "\t-S sector size\n");
fprintf(stderr, "\t-u sectors/track\n");
fprintf(stderr, "\t-t tracks/cylinder\n");
fprintf(stderr, "\t-p spare sectors per track\n");
fprintf(stderr, "\t-x spare sectors per cylinder\n");
fprintf(stderr, "\t-l hardware sector interleave\n");
fprintf(stderr, "\t-k sector 0 skew, per track\n");
exit(1);
}
special = argv[0];
cp = rindex(special, '/');
if (cp != 0)
special = cp + 1;
if (*special == 'r'
#if defined(vax) || defined(tahoe)
&& special[1] != 'a' && special[1] != 'b'
#endif
#if defined(hp300)
&& special[1] != 'd'
#endif
)
special++;
(void)sprintf(device, "%s/r%s", _PATH_DEV, special);
special = device;
if (!Nflag) {
fso = open(special, O_WRONLY);
if (fso < 0) {
perror(special);
exit(2);
}
} else
fso = -1;
fsi = open(special, O_RDONLY);
if (fsi < 0) {
perror(special);
exit(3);
}
if (fstat(fsi, &st) < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s: ", progname); perror(special);
exit(4);
}
if ((st.st_mode & S_IFMT) != S_IFCHR)
fatal("%s: not a character device", special);
cp = index(argv[0], '\0') - 1;
if (cp == 0 || (*cp < 'a' || *cp > 'h') && !isdigit(*cp))
fatal("%s: can't figure out file system partition", argv[0]);
#ifdef COMPAT
if (!mfs && disktype == NULL)
disktype = argv[1];
#endif
lp = getdisklabel(special, fsi);
if (isdigit(*cp))
pp = &lp->d_partitions[0];
else
pp = &lp->d_partitions[*cp - 'a'];
if (pp->p_size == 0)
fatal("%s: `%c' partition is unavailable", argv[0], *cp);
if (fssize == 0)
fssize = pp->p_size;
if (fssize > pp->p_size && !mfs)
fatal("%s: maximum file system size on the `%c' partition is %d",
argv[0], *cp, pp->p_size);
if (rpm == 0) {
rpm = lp->d_rpm;
if (rpm <= 0)
rpm = 3600;
}
if (ntracks == 0) {
ntracks = lp->d_ntracks;
if (ntracks <= 0)
fatal("%s: no default #tracks", argv[0]);
}
if (nsectors == 0) {
nsectors = lp->d_nsectors;
if (nsectors <= 0)
fatal("%s: no default #sectors/track", argv[0]);
}
if (sectorsize == 0) {
sectorsize = lp->d_secsize;
if (sectorsize <= 0)
fatal("%s: no default sector size", argv[0]);
}
if (trackskew == -1) {
trackskew = lp->d_trackskew;
if (trackskew < 0)
trackskew = 0;
}
if (interleave == 0) {
interleave = lp->d_interleave;
if (interleave <= 0)
interleave = 1;
}
if (fsize == 0) {
fsize = pp->p_fsize;
if (fsize <= 0)
fsize = MAX(DFL_FRAGSIZE, lp->d_secsize);
}
if (bsize == 0) {
bsize = pp->p_frag * pp->p_fsize;
if (bsize <= 0)
bsize = MIN(DFL_BLKSIZE, 8 * fsize);
}
if (density == 0)
density = NFPI * fsize;
if (minfree < 10 && opt != FS_OPTSPACE) {
fprintf(stderr, "Warning: changing optimization to space ");
fprintf(stderr, "because minfree is less than 10%%\n");
opt = FS_OPTSPACE;
}
if (trackspares == -1) {
trackspares = lp->d_sparespertrack;
if (trackspares < 0)
trackspares = 0;
}
nphyssectors = nsectors + trackspares;
if (cylspares == -1) {
cylspares = lp->d_sparespercyl;
if (cylspares < 0)
cylspares = 0;
}
secpercyl = nsectors * ntracks - cylspares;
if (secpercyl != lp->d_secpercyl)
fprintf(stderr, "%s (%d) %s (%d)\n",
"Warning: calculated sectors per cylinder", secpercyl,
"disagrees with disk label", lp->d_secpercyl);
if (maxbpg == 0)
maxbpg = MAXBLKPG(bsize);
headswitch = lp->d_headswitch;
trackseek = lp->d_trkseek;
bbsize = lp->d_bbsize;
sbsize = lp->d_sbsize;
oldpartition = *pp;
#ifdef tahoe
realsectorsize = sectorsize;
if (sectorsize != DEV_BSIZE) { /* XXX */
int secperblk = DEV_BSIZE / sectorsize;
sectorsize = DEV_BSIZE;
nsectors /= secperblk;
nphyssectors /= secperblk;
secpercyl /= secperblk;
fssize /= secperblk;
pp->p_size /= secperblk;
}
#endif
mkfs(pp, special, fsi, fso);
#ifdef tahoe
if (realsectorsize != DEV_BSIZE)
pp->p_size *= DEV_BSIZE / realsectorsize;
#endif
if (!Nflag && bcmp(pp, &oldpartition, sizeof(oldpartition)))
rewritelabel(special, fso, lp);
if (!Nflag)
close(fso);
close(fsi);
if (mfs) {
sprintf(buf, "mfs:%d", getpid());
args.name = buf;
args.base = membase;
args.size = fssize * sectorsize;
if (mount(MOUNT_MFS, argv[1], mntflags, &args) < 0) {
perror("mfs: mount");
exit(5);
}
}
exit(0);
}
#ifdef COMPAT
char lmsg[] = "%s: can't read disk label; disk type must be specified";
#else
char lmsg[] = "%s: can't read disk label";
#endif
struct disklabel *
getdisklabel(s, fd)
char *s;
int fd;
{
static struct disklabel lab;
if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGDINFO, (char *)&lab) < 0) {
#ifdef COMPAT
if (disktype) {
struct disklabel *getdiskbyname();
unlabelled++;
return (getdiskbyname(disktype));
}
#endif
perror("ioctl (GDINFO)");
fatal(lmsg, s);
}
return (&lab);
}
rewritelabel(s, fd, lp)
char *s;
int fd;
register struct disklabel *lp;
{
#ifdef COMPAT
if (unlabelled)
return;
#endif
lp->d_checksum = 0;
lp->d_checksum = dkcksum(lp);
if (ioctl(fd, DIOCWDINFO, (char *)lp) < 0) {
perror("ioctl (WDINFO)");
fatal("%s: can't rewrite disk label", s);
}
#if vax
if (lp->d_type == DTYPE_SMD && lp->d_flags & D_BADSECT) {
register i;
int cfd;
daddr_t alt;
char specname[64];
char blk[1024];
char *cp;
/*
* Make name for 'c' partition.
*/
strcpy(specname, s);
cp = specname + strlen(specname) - 1;
if (!isdigit(*cp))
*cp = 'c';
cfd = open(specname, O_WRONLY);
if (cfd < 0) {
perror(specname);
exit(6);
}
bzero(blk, sizeof(blk));
*(struct disklabel *)(blk + LABELOFFSET) = *lp;
alt = lp->d_ncylinders * lp->d_secpercyl - lp->d_nsectors;
for (i = 1; i < 11 && i < lp->d_nsectors; i += 2) {
if (lseek(cfd, (off_t)(alt + i) * lp->d_secsize, L_SET) == -1) {
perror("lseek to badsector area");
exit(7);
}
if (write(cfd, blk, lp->d_secsize) < lp->d_secsize) {
int oerrno = errno;
fprintf(stderr, "alternate label %d ", i/2);
errno = oerrno;
perror("write");
}
}
close(cfd);
}
#endif
}
/*VARARGS*/
fatal(fmt, arg1, arg2)
char *fmt;
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s: ", progname);
fprintf(stderr, fmt, arg1, arg2);
putc('\n', stderr);
exit(8);
}