4.3BSD-UWisc/man/cat1/systat.1
SYSTAT(1) UNIX Programmer's Manual SYSTAT(1)
NAME
systat - display system statistics on a crt
SYNOPSIS
systat [ -_d_i_s_p_l_a_y ] [ refresh-interval ]
DESCRIPTION
Systat displays various system statistics in a screen
oriented fashion using the curses screen display library,
_c_u_r_s_e_s(3X).
While _s_y_s_t_a_t is running the screen is usually divided into
two windows (an exception is the vmstat display which uses
the entire screen). The upper window depicts the current
system load average. The information displayed in the lower
window may vary, depending on user commands. The last line
on the screen is reserved for user input and error messages.
By default _s_y_s_t_a_t displays the processes getting the largest
percentage of the processor in the lower window. Other
displays show swap space usage, disk i/o statistics (a la
_i_o_s_t_a_t(1)), virtual memory statistics (a la _v_m_s_t_a_t(1)), net-
work ``mbuf'' utilization, and network connections (a la
_n_e_t_s_t_a_t(1)).
Input is interpreted at two different levels. A ``global''
command interpreter processes all keyboard input. If this
command interpreter fails to recognize a command, the input
line is passed to a per-display command interpreter. This
allows each display to have certain display-specific com-
mands.
Certain characters cause immediate action by _s_y_s_t_a_t. These
are
^L Refresh the screen.
^G Print the name of the current ``display'' being shown
in the lower window and the refresh interval.
^Z Stop _s_y_s_t_a_t.
: Move the cursor to the command line and interpret the
input line typed as a command. While entering a com-
mand the current character erase, word erase, and line
kill characters may be used.
The following commands are interpreted by the ``global''
command interpreter.
help
Print the names of the available displays on the
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command line.
load
Print the load average over the past 1, 5, and 15
minutes on the command line.
stop
Stop refreshing the screen.
[ start ] [ number ]
Start (continue) refreshing the screen. If a second,
numeric, argument is provided it is interpreted as a
refresh interval (in seconds). Supplying only a number
will set the refresh interval to this value.
quit
Exit _s_y_s_t_a_t. (This may be abbreviated to _q.)
The available displays are:
pigs
Display, in the lower window, those processes resident
in main memory and getting the largest portion of the
processor (the default display). When less than 100% of
the processor is scheduled to user processes, the
remaining time is accounted to the ``idle'' process.
iostat
Display, in the lower window, statistics about proces-
sor use and disk throughput. Statistics on processor
use appear as bar graphs of the amount of time execut-
ing in user mode (``user''), in user mode running low
priority processes (``nice''), in system mode (``sys-
tem''), and idle (``idle''). Statistics on disk
throughput show, for each drive, kilobytes of data
transferred, number of disk transactions performed, and
average seek time (in milliseconds). This information
may be displayed as bar graphs or as rows of numbers
which scroll downward. Bar graphs are shown by
default; commands specific to this display are dis-
cussed below.
swap
Display, in the lower window, swap space in use on each
swap device configured. Two sets of bar graphs are
shown. The upper graph displays swap space allocated
to pure text segments (code), the lower graph displays
space allocated to stack and data segments. Allocated
space is sorted by its size into buckets of size dmmin,
dmmin*2, dmmin*4, up to dmmax (to reflect allocation
policies imposed by the system). The disk segment
size, in sectors, is displayed along the left hand side
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of the text, and data and stack graphs. Space allo-
cated to the user structure and page tables is not
currently accounted for.
mbufs
Display, in the lower window, the number of mbufs allo-
cated for particular uses, i.e. data, socket struc-
tures, etc.
vmstat
Take over the entire display and show a (rather
crowded) compendium of statistics related to virtual
memory usage, process scheduling, device interrupts,
system name translation cacheing, disk i/o, etc.
The upper left quadrant of the screen shows the number
of users logged in and the load average over the last
one, five, and fifteen minute intervals. Below this
line are statistics on memory utilization. The first
row of the table reports memory usage only among active
processes, that is processes that have run in the pre-
vious twenty seconds. The second row reports on memory
usage of all processes. The first column reports on
the number of physical pages claimed by processes. The
second column reports the number of physical pages that
are devoted to read only text pages. The third and
fourth columns report the same two figures for virtual
pages, that is the number of pages that would be needed
if all processes had all of their pages. Finally the
last column shows the number of physical pages on the
free list.
Below the memory display is the disk usage display. It
reports the number of seeks, transfers, and number of
kilobyte blocks transferred per second averaged over
the refresh period of the display (by default, five
seconds). For some disks it also reports the average
milliseconds per seek. Note that the system only keeps
statistics on at most four disks.
Below the disk display is a list of the average number
of processes (over the last refresh interval) that are
runnable (`r'), in page wait (`p'), in disk wait other
than paging (`d'), sleeping (`s'), and swapped out but
desiring to run (`w'). Below the queue length listing
is a numerical listing and a bar graph showing the
amount of system (shown as `='), user (shown as `>'),
nice (shown as `-'), and idle time (shown as ` ').
At the bottom left are statistics on name translations.
It lists the number of names translated in the previous
interval, the number and percentage of the translations
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that were handled by the system wide name translation
cache, and the number and percentage of the transla-
tions that were handled by the per process name trans-
lation cache.
Under the date in the upper right hand quadrant are
statistics on paging and swapping activity. The first
two columns report the average number of pages brought
in and out per second over the last refresh interval
due to page faults and the paging daemon. The third
and fourth columns report the average number of pages
brought in and out per second over the last refresh
interval due to swap requests initiated by the
scheduler. The first row of the display shows the
average number of disk transfers per second over the
last refresh interval; the second row of the display
shows the average number of pages transferred per
second over the last refresh interval.
Below the paging statistics is a line listing the aver-
age number of total reclaims ('Rec'), intransit block-
ing page faults (`It'), swap text pages found in free
list (`F/S'), file system text pages found in free list
(`F/F'), reclaims from free list (`RFL'), pages freed
by the clock daemon (`Fre'), and sequential process
pages freed (`SFr') per second over the refresh inter-
val.
Below this line are statistics on the average number of
zero filled pages (`zf') and demand filled text pages
(`xf') per second over the refresh period. The first
row indicates the number of requests that were
resolved, the second row shows the number that were set
up, and the last row shows the percentage of setup
requests were actually used. Note that this percentage
is usually less than 100%, however it may exceed 100%
if a large number of requests are actually used long
after they were set up during a period when no new
pages are being set up. Thus this figure is most
interesting when observed over a long time period, such
as from boot time (see below on getting such a
display).
Below the page fill statistics is a column that lists
the average number of context switches (`Csw'), traps
(`Trp'), system calls (`Sys'), interrupts (`Int'),
characters output to DZ ports using pseudo-DMA (`Pdm'),
page faults (`Flt'), pages scanned by the page daemon
(`Scn'), and revolutions of the page daemon's hand
(`Rev') per second over the refresh interval.
Running down the right hand side of the display is a
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breakdown of the interrupts being handled by the sys-
tem. At the top of the list is the total interrupts
per second over the time interval. The rest of the
column breaks down the total on a device by device
basis. Only devices that have interrupted at least once
since boot time are shown.
netstat
Display, in the lower window, network connections. By
default, network servers awaiting requests are not
displayed. Each address is displayed in the format
``host.port'', with each shown symbolically, when pos-
sible. It is possible to have addresses displayed
numerically, limit the display to a set of ports,
hosts, and/or protocols; see the list of commands
below.
Commands to switch between displays may be abbreviated to
the minimum unambiguous prefix; for example, ``io'' for
``iostat''. Certain information may be discarded when the
screen size is insufficient for display. For example, on a
machine with 10 drives the _i_o_s_t_a_t bar graph displays only 3
drives on a 24 line terminal. When a bar graph would over-
flow the allotted screen space it is truncated and the
actual value is printed ``over top'' of the bar.
The following commands are specific to the _i_o_s_t_a_t display;
the minimum unambiguous prefix may be supplied.
numbers
Show the disk i/o statistics in numeric form. Values
are displayed in numeric columns which scroll downward.
bars Show the disk i/o statistics in bar graph form
(default).
msps Toggle the display of average seek time (the default is
to not display seek times).
The following commands are specific to the _v_m_s_t_a_t display;
the minimum unambiguous prefix may be supplied.
boot Display cumulative statistics since the system was
booted.
run Display statistics as a running total from the point
this command is given.
time Display statistics averaged over the refresh interval
(the default).
zero Reset running statistics to zero.
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The following commands are common to each display which
shows information about disk drives. These commands are
used to select a set of drives to report on, should your
system have more drives configured than can normally be
displayed on the screen.
ignore [ drives ]
Do not display information about the drives indicated.
Multiple drives may be specified, separated by spaces.
display [ drives ]
Display information about the drives indicated. Multi-
ple drives may be specified, separated by spaces.
The following command is specific to the _n_e_t_s_t_a_t display;
the minimum unambiguous prefix may be supplied.
all Toggle the displaying of server processes awaiting
requests (this is the equivalent of the -a flag to
_n_e_t_s_t_a_t(1)).
numbers
Display network addresses numerically.
names
Display network addresses symbolically.
The remaining commands are common to displays which report
network connections (currently only the _n_e_t_s_t_a_t display).
These commands may be used to select a specific set of con-
nections for _s_y_s_t_a_t to report on.
_p_r_o_t_o_c_o_l
Display only network connections using the indicated
protocol (currently either ``tcp'' or ``udp'').
ignore [items]
Do not display information about connections associated
with the specified hosts or ports. Hosts and ports may
be specified by name (``ucbmonet'', ``ftp''), or numer-
ically. Host addresses use the Internet dot notation
(``128.32.0.9''). Multiple items may be specified with
a single command by separating them with spaces.
display [items]
Display information about the connections associated
with the specified hosts or ports. As for _i_g_n_o_r_e,
_i_t_e_m_s may be names or numbers.
show [ports|hosts]
Show, on the command line, the currently selected pro-
tocols, hosts, and ports. Hosts and ports which are
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being ignored are prefixed with a `!'. If _p_o_r_t_s or
_h_o_s_t_s is supplied as an argument to _s_h_o_w, then only the
requested information will be displayed.
reset
Reset the port, host, and protocol matching mechanisms
to the default (any protocol, port, or host).
FILES
/vmunix for the namelist
/dev/kmem for information in main memory
/dev/drum for information about swapped out processes
/etc/hosts for host names
/etc/networks for network names
/etc/services for port names
AUTHOR
The unknown hacker. The _p_i_g_s display is derived from a pro-
gram of the same name written by Bill Reeves.
BUGS
Takes 2-10 percent of the cpu. Certain displays presume a
24 line by 80 character terminal. The swap space display
should account for space allocated to the user structure and
page tables. The _v_m_s_t_a_t display looks out of place because
it is (it was added in as a separate display rather than
create a new program).
The whole thing is pretty hokey and was included in the dis-
tribution under serious duress.
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