4.3BSD-UWisc/man/cat8/restore.8
RESTORE(8) UNIX Programmer's Manual RESTORE(8)
NAME
restore - incremental file system restore
SYNOPSIS
/etc/restore key [ name ... ]
DESCRIPTION
_R_e_s_t_o_r_e reads tapes dumped with the _d_u_m_p(8) command. Its
actions are controlled by the _k_e_y argument. The _k_e_y is a
string of characters containing at most one function letter
and possibly one or more function modifiers. Other argu-
ments to the command are file or directory names specifying
the files that are to be restored. Unless the h key is
specified (see below), the appearance of a directory name
refers to the files and (recursively) subdirectories of that
directory.
The function portion of the key is specified by one of the
following letters:
r The tape is read and loaded into the current directory.
This should not be done lightly; the r key should only
be used to restore a complete dump tape onto a clear
file system or to restore an incremental dump tape
after a full level zero restore. Thus
/etc/newfs /dev/rrp0g eagle
/etc/mount /dev/rp0g /mnt
cd /mnt
restore r
is a typical sequence to restore a complete dump.
Another _r_e_s_t_o_r_e can be done to get an incremental dump
in on top of this. Note that _r_e_s_t_o_r_e leaves a file
_r_e_s_t_o_r_e_s_y_m_t_a_b in the root directory to pass information
between incremental restore passes. This file should
be removed when the last incremental tape has been
restored.
A _d_u_m_p(8) followed by a _n_e_w_f_s(8) and a _r_e_s_t_o_r_e is used
to change the size of a file system.
R _R_e_s_t_o_r_e requests a particular tape of a multi volume
set on which to restart a full restore (see the r key
above). This allows _r_e_s_t_o_r_e to be interrupted and then
restarted.
x The named files are extracted from the tape. If the
named file matches a directory whose contents had been
written onto the tape, and the h key is not specified,
the directory is recursively extracted. The owner,
modification time, and mode are restored (if possible).
If no file argument is given, then the root directory
Printed 12/27/86 March 27, 1986 1
RESTORE(8) UNIX Programmer's Manual RESTORE(8)
is extracted, which results in the entire content of
the tape being extracted, unless the h key has been
specified.
t The names of the specified files are listed if they
occur on the tape. If no file argument is given, then
the root directory is listed, which results in the
entire content of the tape being listed, unless the h
key has been specified. Note that the t key replaces
the function of the old _d_u_m_p_d_i_r program.
i This mode allows interactive restoration of files from
a dump tape. After reading in the directory informa-
tion from the tape, _r_e_s_t_o_r_e provides a shell like
interface that allows the user to move around the
directory tree selecting files to be extracted. The
available commands are given below; for those commands
that require an argument, the default is the current
directory.
ls [arg] - List the current or specified directory.
Entries that are directories are appended with a
``/''. Entries that have been marked for extrac-
tion are prepended with a ``*''. If the verbose
key is set the inode number of each entry is also
listed.
cd arg - Change the current working directory to the
specified argument.
pwd - Print the full pathname of the current working
directory.
add [arg] - The current directory or specified argument
is added to the list of files to be extracted. If
a directory is specified, then it and all its des-
cendents are added to the extraction list (unless
the h key is specified on the command line).
Files that are on the extraction list are
prepended with a ``*'' when they are listed by ls.
delete [arg] - The current directory or specified argu-
ment is deleted from the list of files to be
extracted. If a directory is specified, then it
and all its descendents are deleted from the
extraction list (unless the h key is specified on
the command line). The most expedient way to
extract most of the files from a directory is to
add the directory to the extraction list and then
delete those files that are not needed.
Printed 12/27/86 March 27, 1986 2
RESTORE(8) UNIX Programmer's Manual RESTORE(8)
extract - All the files that are on the extraction list
are extracted from the dump tape. _R_e_s_t_o_r_e will
ask which volume the user wishes to mount. The
fastest way to extract a few files is to start
with the last volume, and work towards the first
volume.
setmodes - All the directories that have been added to
the extraction list have their owner, modes, and
times set; nothing is extracted from the tape.
This is useful for cleaning up after a restore has
been prematurely aborted.
verbose - The sense of the v key is toggled. When set,
the verbose key causes the ls command to list the
inode numbers of all entries. It also causes
_r_e_s_t_o_r_e to print out information about each file
as it is extracted.
help - List a summary of the available commands.
quit - Restore immediately exits, even if the extrac-
tion list is not empty.
The following characters may be used in addition to the
letter that selects the function desired.
b The next argument to _r_e_s_t_o_r_e is used as the block size
of the tape (in kilobytes). If the -b option is not
specified, _r_e_s_t_o_r_e tries to determine the tape block
size dynamically.
f The next argument to _r_e_s_t_o_r_e is used as the name of the
archive instead of /dev/rmt?. If the name of the file
is ``-'', _r_e_s_t_o_r_e reads from standard input. Thus,
_d_u_m_p(8) and _r_e_s_t_o_r_e can be used in a pipeline to dump
and restore a file system with the command
dump 0f - /usr | (cd /mnt; restore xf -)
v Normally _r_e_s_t_o_r_e does its work silently. The v (ver-
bose) key causes it to type the name of each file it
treats preceded by its file type.
y _R_e_s_t_o_r_e will not ask whether it should abort the
restore if gets a tape error. It will always try to
skip over the bad tape block(s) and continue as best it
can.
m _R_e_s_t_o_r_e will extract by inode numbers rather than by
file name. This is useful if only a few files are
Printed 12/27/86 March 27, 1986 3
RESTORE(8) UNIX Programmer's Manual RESTORE(8)
being extracted, and one wants to avoid regenerating
the complete pathname to the file.
h _R_e_s_t_o_r_e extracts the actual directory, rather than the
files that it references. This prevents hierarchical
restoration of complete subtrees from the tape.
s The next argument to _r_e_s_t_o_r_e is a number which selects
the file on a multi-file dump tape. File numbering
starts at 1.
DIAGNOSTICS
Complaints about bad key characters.
Complaints if it gets a read error. If y has been speci-
fied, or the user responds ``y'', _r_e_s_t_o_r_e will attempt to
continue the restore.
If the dump extends over more than one tape, _r_e_s_t_o_r_e will
ask the user to change tapes. If the x or i key has been
specified, _r_e_s_t_o_r_e will also ask which volume the user
wishes to mount. The fastest way to extract a few files is
to start with the last volume, and work towards the first
volume.
There are numerous consistency checks that can be listed by
_r_e_s_t_o_r_e. Most checks are self-explanatory or can ``never
happen''. Common errors are given below.
Converting to new file system format.
A dump tape created from the old file system has been
loaded. It is automatically converted to the new file
system format.
<filename>: not found on tape
The specified file name was listed in the tape direc-
tory, but was not found on the tape. This is caused by
tape read errors while looking for the file, and from
using a dump tape created on an active file system.
expected next file <inumber>, got <inumber>
A file that was not listed in the directory showed up.
This can occur when using a dump tape created on an
active file system.
Incremental tape too low
When doing incremental restore, a tape that was written
before the previous incremental tape, or that has too
low an incremental level has been loaded.
Incremental tape too high
When doing incremental restore, a tape that does not
Printed 12/27/86 March 27, 1986 4
RESTORE(8) UNIX Programmer's Manual RESTORE(8)
begin its coverage where the previous incremental tape
left off, or that has too high an incremental level has
been loaded.
Tape read error while restoring <filename>
Tape read error while skipping over inode <inumber>
Tape read error while trying to resynchronize
A tape read error has occurred. If a file name is
specified, then its contents are probably partially
wrong. If an inode is being skipped or the tape is
trying to resynchronize, then no extracted files have
been corrupted, though files may not be found on the
tape.
resync restore, skipped <num> blocks
After a tape read error, _r_e_s_t_o_r_e may have to resyn-
chronize itself. This message lists the number of
blocks that were skipped over.
FILES
/dev/rmt? the default tape drive
/tmp/rstdir* file containing directories on the tape.
/tmp/rstmode* owner, mode, and time stamps for directories.
./restoresymtable information passed between incremental
restores.
SEE ALSO
rrestore(8C) dump(8), newfs(8), mount(8), mkfs(8)
BUGS
_R_e_s_t_o_r_e can get confused when doing incremental restores
from dump tapes that were made on active file systems.
A level zero dump must be done after a full restore.
Because restore runs in user code, it has no control over
inode allocation; thus a full restore must be done to get a
new set of directories reflecting the new inode numbering,
even though the contents of the files is unchanged.
Printed 12/27/86 March 27, 1986 5