4.4BSD/usr/share/man/old/cat1/more.0
MORE(1) BSD Reference Manual MORE(1)
NNAAMMEE
more, page - file perusal filter for crt viewing
SSYYNNOOPPSSIISS
mmoorree [ --ccddffllssuu ] [ --_n ] [ ++_l_i_n_e_n_u_m_b_e_r ] [ ++//_p_a_t_t_e_r_n ] [
name ... ]
ppaaggee _m_o_r_e _o_p_t_i_o_n_s
DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN
_M_o_r_e is a filter which allows examination of a continuous
text one screenful at a time on a soft-copy terminal. It
normally pauses after each screenful, printing --More-- at
the bottom of the screen. If the user then types a car-
riage return, one more line is displayed. If the user
hits a space, another screenful is displayed. Other pos-
sibilities are enumerated later.
The command line options are:
_-_n An integer which is the size (in lines) of the win-
dow which _m_o_r_e will use instead of the default.
--cc _M_o_r_e will draw each page by beginning at the top of
the screen and erasing each line just before it
draws on it. This avoids scrolling the screen,
making it easier to read while _m_o_r_e is writing.
This option will be ignored if the terminal does
not have the ability to clear to the end of a line.
--dd _M_o_r_e will prompt the user with the message "Press
space to continue, 'q' to quit." at the end of each
screenful, and will respond to subsequent illegal
user input by printing "Press 'h' for instruc-
tions." instead of ringing the bell. This is use-
ful if _m_o_r_e is being used as a filter in some set-
ting, such as a class, where many users may be
unsophisticated.
--ff This causes _m_o_r_e to count logical, rather than
screen lines. That is, long lines are not folded.
This option is recommended if _n_r_o_f_f output is being
piped through _u_l_, since the latter may generate
escape sequences. These escape sequences contain
characters which would ordinarily occupy screen
positions, but which do not print when they are
sent to the terminal as part of an escape sequence.
Thus _m_o_r_e may think that lines are longer than they
actually are, and fold lines erroneously.
--ll Do not treat ^L (form feed) specially. If this
4th Berkeley Distribution April 18, 1991 1
MORE(1) BSD Reference Manual MORE(1)
option is not given, _m_o_r_e will pause after any line
that contains a ^L, as if the end of a screenful
had been reached. Also, if a file begins with a
form feed, the screen will be cleared before the
file is printed.
--ss Squeeze multiple blank lines from the output, pro-
ducing only one blank line. Especially helpful
when viewing _n_r_o_f_f output, this option maximizes
the useful information present on the screen.
--uu Normally, _m_o_r_e will handle underlining such as pro-
duced by _n_r_o_f_f in a manner appropriate to the par-
ticular terminal: if the terminal can perform
underlining or has a stand-out mode, _m_o_r_e will out-
put appropriate escape sequences to enable under-
lining or stand-out mode for underlined information
in the source file. The _-_u option suppresses this
processing.
++_l_i_n_e_n_u_m_b_e_r
Start up at _l_i_n_e_n_u_m_b_e_r.
++//_p_a_t_t_e_r_n
Start up two lines before the line containing the
regular expression _p_a_t_t_e_r_n.
If the program is invoked as _p_a_g_e_, then the screen is
cleared before each screenful is printed (but only if a
full screenful is being printed), and _k - 1 rather than _k
- 2 lines are printed in each screenful, where _k is the
number of lines the terminal can display.
_M_o_r_e looks in the file _/_e_t_c_/_t_e_r_m_c_a_p to determine terminal
characteristics, and to determine the default window size.
On a terminal capable of displaying 24 lines, the default
window size is 22 lines.
_M_o_r_e looks in the environment variable _M_O_R_E to pre-set any
flags desired. For example, if you prefer to view files
using the _-_c mode of operation, the _c_s_h command _s_e_t_e_n_v
_M_O_R_E _-_c or the _s_h command sequence _M_O_R_E_=_'_-_c_' _; _e_x_p_o_r_t _M_O_R_E
would cause all invocations of _m_o_r_e _, including invoca-
tions by programs such as _m_a_n and _m_s_g_s _, to use this mode.
Normally, the user will place the command sequence which
sets up the _M_O_R_E environment variable in the _._c_s_h_r_c or
_._p_r_o_f_i_l_e file.
If _m_o_r_e is reading from a file, rather than a pipe, then a
percentage is displayed along with the --More-- prompt.
This gives the fraction of the file (in characters, not
4th Berkeley Distribution April 18, 1991 2
MORE(1) BSD Reference Manual MORE(1)
lines) that has been read so far.
Other sequences which may be typed when _m_o_r_e pauses, and
their effects, are as follows (_i is an optional integer
argument, defaulting to 1) :
_i<space>
display _i more lines, (or another screenful if no
argument is given)
^D display 11 more lines (a ``scroll''). If _i is
given, then the scroll size is set to _i.
d same as ^D (control-D)
_iz same as typing a space except that _i, if present,
becomes the new window size.
_is skip _i lines and print a screenful of lines
_if skip _i screenfuls and print a screenful of lines
_ib skip back _i screenfuls and print a screenful of
lines
_i^B same as b
q or Q Exit from _m_o_r_e_.
= Display the current line number.
v Start up the editor _v_i at the current line.
h Help command; give a description of all the _m_o_r_e
commands.
_i/expr search for the _i-th occurrence of the regular
expression _e_x_p_r_. If there are less than _i
4th Berkeley Distribution April 18, 1991 3
MORE(1) BSD Reference Manual MORE(1)
occurrences of _e_x_p_r, and the input is a file
(rather than a pipe), then the position in the file
remains unchanged. Otherwise, a screenful is dis-
played, starting two lines before the place where
the expression was found. The user's erase and
kill characters may be used to edit the regular
expression. Erasing back past the first column
cancels the search command.
_in search for the _i-th occurrence of the last regular
expression entered.
' (single quote) Go to the point from which the last
search started. If no search has been performed in
the current file, this command goes back to the
beginning of the file.
!command
invoke a shell with _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. The characters `%'
and `!' in "command" are replaced with the current
file name and the previous shell command respec-
tively. If there is no current file name, `%' is
not expanded. The sequences "\%" and "\!" are
replaced by "%" and "!" respectively.
_i:n skip to the _i-th next file given in the command
line (skips to last file if n doesn't make sense)
_i:p skip to the _i-th previous file given in the command
line. If this command is given in the middle of
printing out a file, then _m_o_r_e goes back to the
beginning of the file. If _i doesn't make sense,
_m_o_r_e skips back to the first file. If _m_o_r_e is not
reading from a file, the bell is rung and nothing
else happens.
:f display the current file name and line number.
:q or :Q
exit from _m_o_r_e (same as q or Q).
. (dot) repeat the previous command.
4th Berkeley Distribution April 18, 1991 4
MORE(1) BSD Reference Manual MORE(1)
The commands take effect immediately, i.e., it is not nec-
essary to type a carriage return. Up to the time when the
command character itself is given, the user may hit the
line kill character to cancel the numerical argument being
formed. In addition, the user may hit the erase character
to redisplay the --More--(xx%) message.
At any time when output is being sent to the terminal, the
user can hit the quit key (normally control-\). _M_o_r_e will
stop sending output, and will display the usual --More--
prompt. The user may then enter one of the above commands
in the normal manner. Unfortunately, some output is lost
when this is done, due to the fact that any characters
waiting in the terminal's output queue are flushed when
the quit signal occurs.
The terminal is set to _n_o_e_c_h_o mode by this program so that
the output can be continuous. What you type will thus not
show on your terminal, except for the / and ! commands.
If the standard output is not a teletype, then _m_o_r_e acts
just like _c_a_t_, except that a header is printed before each
file (if there is more than one).
A sample usage of _m_o_r_e in previewing _n_r_o_f_f output would be
nroff -ms +2 doc.n | more -s
FFIILLEESS
/etc/termcap Terminal data base
/usr/lib/more.help Help file
SSEEEE AALLSSOO
csh(1), man(1), msgs(1), script(1), sh(1), environ(7)
BBUUGGSS
Skipping backwards is too slow on large files.
4th Berkeley Distribution April 18, 1991 5