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Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors .\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software .\" without specific prior written permission. .\" .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND .\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE .\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE .\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL .\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS .\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) .\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT .\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY .\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF .\" SUCH DAMAGE. .\" .\" @(#)vd.4 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93 .\" .Dd June 5, 1993 .Dt VD 4 tahoe .Os .Sh NAME .Nm vd .Nd .Tn VERSAbus storage module controller/drives .Sh SYNOPSIS .Cd "controller vd0 at vba? csr 0xffff2000 vector vdintr" .Cd "disk dk0 at vd0 drive 0" .Sh DESCRIPTION This is a generic .Tn VERSAbus storage module disk driver for the Computer Consoles .Tn SMD .Pq Tn VDDC and .Tn SMD-E disk controllers. .Pp The .Nm vd driver is a fairly typical block .Tn I/O device, except raw block .Tn I/O counts must be a multiple of 1024 bytes, whether the actual sector size is 512 or 1024 bytes. Likewise, .Xr seek calls should specify a multiple of 1024 bytes. See .Xr physio 4 . .Pp The first sector of each disk contains a disk label containing geometry information and partition layouts (see .Xr disklabel 5 ) . This sector is normally write-protected, and disk-to-disk copies should avoid copying this sector. The label may be updated with .Xr disklabel 8 , which can also be used to write-enable and write-disable the sector. .Sh DISK SUPPORT During autoconfiguration, as well as when a drive is opened after all partitions are closed, the first sector of the drive is examined for a disk label. If a label is found, the geometry of the drive and the partition tables are taken from it. If no label is found, The driver checks for a disk label on sector 0 of each drive during autoconfiguration. If no label is found, the driver tries to access the last track on each drive to determine the type of drive attached. The driver has default partition tables for seven different drives: .Tn CDC FSD (160 .Tn MB ) , .Tn CDC 9766 (300 .Tn MB ) , .Tn CDC XFSD (340 .Tn MB ) , .Tn CDC 515 .Tn MB , Fujitsu 360 .Tn MB , Fujitsu Eagle (440 .Tn MB ) , and Maxtor 340 .Tn MB . If the drive is not recognized, a single small partition is created to allow a label to be written. .Pp The partition tables in the disk label and the .Pa disktab file specify partition offsets and sizes in sectors, which are 512 bytes on .Tn SMD drives and 1024 bytes on 5 1/4" .Tn ESDI drives. By convention, the ?a partition is normally used for the root file system or other small file system, and the ?b partition is used as a paging area. The ?c partition maps the rest of the pack, except the last 5 cylinders which are reserved for bad sector forwarding, and diagnostic use. .Sh FILES .Bl -tag -width /dev/dk[0-7][a-f]xx -compact .It Pa /dev/dk[0-7][a-f] dk block files .It Pa /dev/rdk[0-7][a-f] dk raw files .El .Sh DIAGNOSTICS .Bl -diag .It vd%d: %s controller. This message is printed during autoconfiguration to identify the type of controller, either .Tn VDDC or .Tn SMDE . .Pp .It vd%d: init error. During autoconfiguration the controller failed to respond to an initialize command. .Pp .It vd%d: diagnostic error. During autoconfiguration the controller failed to respond to a diagnostic command. .Pp .It dk%d: unknown drive type. The system was unable to identify the specified drive as one of the drives described above; the drive will not be configured. .Pp .It vd%d: drive %d: config error. The system encountered a hard error when it tried to configure a drive during autoconfiguration. .Pp .It vd%d: starting drives, wait ... . This message indicates the system is about to tell the controller to ``start'' the drives attached to it. .Pp .It dk%d: %s <ntrak %d, ncyl %d, nsec %d>. For each drive recognized during autoconfiguration the system prints a message of this form. The drive type is displayed as well as the geometry: tracks/cylinder, cylinders, and sectors/track. .Pp .It vd%d: lost interrupt. The system failed to receive an interrupt from the controller after submitting a request. The system attempts to abort the current request and simulate an interrupt to unwedge the controller. During processing of the simulated interrupt, a controller error will be reported as described below. .Pp .It vd%d: stray interrupt. The system received an unexpected interrupt; it is ignored. .Pp .It dk%d%c: write locked. An attempt was made to write to a drive that is physically write-protected. .Pp .It "dk%d%c: controller err %sing fsbn %d [of %d-%d] (dk%d bn %d cn %d tn %d sn %d) status %b ecode %x; resetting controller... retrying." .br .It "dk%d%c: drive err %sing fsbn %d [of %d-%d] (dk%d bn %d cn %d tn %d sn %d) status %b ecode %x; resetting drive... retrying." An attempted transfer resulted in a controller or drive error. The controller or drive is reset, and the transfer is attempted a second time. .Pp .It "dk%d%c: hard error %sing fsbn %d [of %d-%d] (dk%d bn %d cn %d tn %d sn %d) status %b ecode %x." An unrecoverable error was encountered. The filesystem block number reported is a logical sector number on the indicated partition; it is expressed using 1024-byte sectors. If the transfer involved multiple blocks, the block range is printed as well. The parenthesized fields list the actual disk sector number relative to the beginning of the drive (in 512- or 1024-byte blocks, as appropriate), as well as the cylinder, track and sector number of the block. The error status field of the device control block is printed in hexadecimal followed by a symbolic description. If this is an .Tn SMDE controller, the error code is also displayed. .Pp .It "dk%d%c: soft error %sing fsbn %d [of %d-%d] (dk%d bn %d cn %d tn %d sn %d) status %b ecode %x." A recoverable error was detected by the controller. The fields are interpreted in the same way as those for hard errors. .Pp .It "dk%d%c: soft ecc %sing fsbn %d [of %d-%d] (dk%d bn %d cn %d tn %d sn %d)." A recoverable .Tn ECC error was detected and corrected by the controller during the indicated transfer. .Pp .It vd%d: drive %d: couldn't reset. The system was unable to reconfigure a drive during a controller reset. .Pp .It vd%d: controller timeout. The controller failed to complete an operation within a reasonable time. This message is usually followed by another message indicating what operation timed out; e.g. ``during config'' for a configuration command. .El .Sh SEE ALSO .Xr disklabel 5 , .Xr disklabel 8 .Sh HISTORY The .Nm driver appeared in .Bx 4.3 tahoe . .Sh BUGS Writes scribble on the tail of incomplete blocks. .Pp The system should use real disk sector numbers internally, instead of assuming 1024-byte sectors; errors should report filesystem block numbers using the actual sector size. Raw .Tn I/O should be permitted on any sector boundary.