4.4BSD/usr/share/man/cat1/join.0

JOIN(1)                      BSD Reference Manual                      JOIN(1)

NNAAMMEE
     jjooiinn - relational database operator

SSYYNNOOPPSSIISS
     jjooiinn [--aa _f_i_l_e___n_u_m_b_e_r | --vv _f_i_l_e___n_u_m_b_e_r] [--ee _s_t_r_i_n_g] [--jj _f_i_l_e___n_u_m_b_e_r _f_i_e_l_d]
          [--oo _l_i_s_t] [--tt _c_h_a_r] [--11 _f_i_e_l_d] [--22 _f_i_e_l_d] _f_i_l_e_1 _f_i_l_e_2

DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN
     The join utility performs an ``equality join'' on the specified files and
     writes the result to the standard output.  The ``join field'' is the
     field in each file by which the files are compared.  The first field in
     each line is used by default.  There is one line in the output for each
     pair of lines in _f_i_l_e_1 and _f_i_l_e_2 which have identical join fields.  Each
     output line consists of the join field, the remaining fields from _f_i_l_e_1
     and then the remaining fields from _f_i_l_e_2.

     The default field separators are tab and space characters.  In this case,
     multiple tabs and spaces count as a single field separator, and leading
     tabs and spaces are ignored.  The default output field separator is a
     single space character.

     Many of the options use file and field numbers.  Both file numbers and
     field numbers are 1 based, i.e. the first file on the command line is
     file number 1 and the first field is field number 1.  The following op-
     tions are available:

     --aa _f_i_l_e___n_u_m_b_e_r
                 In addition to the default output, produce a line for each
                 unpairable line in file _f_i_l_e___n_u_m_b_e_r.

     --ee _s_t_r_i_n_g   Replace empty output fields with _s_t_r_i_n_g.

     --oo _l_i_s_t     The --oo option specifies the fields that will be output from
                 each file for each line with matching join fields.  Each ele-
                 ment of _l_i_s_t has the form `file_number.field', where
                 _f_i_l_e___n_u_m_b_e_r is a file number and _f_i_e_l_d is a field number.
                 The elements of list must be either comma (``,'') or whites-
                 pace separated.  (The latter requires quoting to protect it
                 from the shell, or, a simpler approach is to use multiple --oo
                 options.)

     --tt _c_h_a_r     Use character _c_h_a_r as a field delimiter for both input and
                 output.  Every occurrence of _c_h_a_r in a line is significant.

     --vv _f_i_l_e___n_u_m_b_e_r
                 Do not display the default output, but display a line for
                 each unpairable line in file _f_i_l_e___n_u_m_b_e_r. The options --vv _1
                 and --vv _2 may be specified at the same time.

     --11 _f_i_e_l_d    Join on the _f_i_e_l_d'th field of file 1.

     --22 _f_i_e_l_d    Join on the _f_i_e_l_d'th field of file 2.

     When the default field delimiter characters are used, the files to be
     joined should be ordered in the collating sequence of sort(1),  using the
     --bb option, on the fields on which they are to be joined, otherwise jjooiinn
     may not report all field matches.  When the field delimiter characters
     are specified by the --tt option, the collating sequence should be the same
     as sort without the --bb option.

     If one of the arguments _f_i_l_e_1 or _f_i_l_e_2 is ``-'', the standard input is
     used.


     The jjooiinn utility exits 0 on success, and >0 if an error occurs.

CCOOMMPPAATTIIBBIILLIITTYY
     For compatibility with historic versions of jjooiinn, the following options
     are available:

     --aa          In addition to the default output, produce a line for each
                 unpairable line in both file 1 and file 2.

     --jj11 _f_i_e_l_d   Join on the _f_i_e_l_d'th field of file 1.

     --jj22 _f_i_e_l_d   Join on the _f_i_e_l_d'th field of file 2.

     --jj _f_i_e_l_d    Join on the _f_i_e_l_d'th field of both file 1 and file 2.

     --oo _l_i_s_t _._._.
                 Historical implementations of jjooiinn permitted multiple argu-
                 ments to the --oo option.  These arguments were of the form
                 ``file_number.field_number'' as described for the current --oo
                 option.  This has obvious difficulties in the presence of
                 files named ``1.2''.

     These options are available only so historic shellscripts don't require
     modification and should not be used.

SSTTAANNDDAARRDDSS
     The jjooiinn command is expected to be IEEE Std1003.2 (``POSIX'') compatible.

SSEEEE AALLSSOO
     awk(1),  comm(1),  paste(1),  sort(1),  uniq(1)

4.4BSD                           June 6, 1993                                2