4.4BSD/usr/share/man/cat1/more.0
MORE(1) BSD Reference Manual MORE(1)
NNAAMMEE
mmoorree - file perusal filter for crt viewing
SSYYNNOOPPSSIISS
mmoorree [--cceeiinnuuss] [--tt _t_a_g] [--xx _t_a_b_s] [--// _p_a_t_t_e_r_n] [--##] [_f_i_l_e _._._.]
DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN
MMoorree is a filter for paging through text one screenful at a time. It us-
es termcap(3) so it can run on a variety of terminals. There is even
limited support for hardcopy terminals. (On a hardcopy terminal, lines
which should be printed at the top of the screen are prefixed with an up-
arrow.) _F_i_l_e may be a single dash (``-''), implying stdin.
OOPPTTIIOONNSS
Command line options are described below. Options are also taken from
the environment variable MORE (make sure to precede them with a dash
(``-'')) but command line options will override them.
--cc Normally, mmoorree will repaint the screen by scrolling from the bottom
of the screen. If the --cc option is set, when mmoorree needs to change
the entire display, it will paint from the top line down.
--ee Normally, if displaying a single file, mmoorree exits as soon as it
reaches end-of-file. The --ee option tells more to exit if it reach-
es end-of-file twice without an intervening operation. If the file
is shorter than a single screen mmoorree will exit at end-of-file re-
gardless.
--ii The --ii option causes searches to ignore case; that is, uppercase
and lowercase are considered identical.
--nn The --nn flag suppresses line numbers. The default (to use line num-
bers) may cause mmoorree to run more slowly in some cases, especially
with a very large input file. Suppressing line numbers with the --nn
flag will avoid this problem. Using line numbers means: the line
number will be displayed in the == command, and the vv command will
pass the current line number to the editor.
--ss The --ss option causes consecutive blank lines to be squeezed into a
single blank line.
--tt The --tt option, followed immediately by a tag, will edit the file
containing that tag. For more information, see the ctags(1) com-
mand.
--uu By default, mmoorree treats backspaces and CR-LF sequences specially.
Backspaces which appear adjacent to an underscore character are
displayed as underlined text. Backspaces which appear between two
identical characters are displayed as emboldened text. CR-LF se-
quences are compressed to a single linefeed character. The --uu op-
tion causes backspaces to always be displayed as control charac-
ters, i.e. as the two character sequence ``^H'', and CR-LF to be
left alone.
--xx The --xx option sets tab stops every _N positions. The default for _N
is 8.
--// The --// option specifies a string that will be searched for before
each file is displayed.
CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
Interactive commands for mmoorree are based on vi(1). Some commands may be
preceeded by a decimal number, called N in the descriptions below. In
the following descriptions, ^X means control-X.
hh Help: display a summary of these commands. If you forget all
the other commands, remember this one.
SSPPAACCEE or ff or ^^FF
Scroll forward N lines, default one window. If N is more
than the screen size, only the final screenful is displayed.
bb or ^^BB Scroll backward N lines, default one window (see option -z
below). If N is more than the screen size, only the final
screenful is displayed.
jj or RREETTUURRNN
Scroll forward N lines, default 1. The entire N lines are
displayed, even if N is more than the screen size.
kk Scroll backward N lines, default 1. The entire N lines are
displayed, even if N is more than the screen size.
dd or ^^DD Scroll forward N lines, default one half of the screen size.
If N is specified, it becomes the new default for subsequent
d and u commands.
uu or ^^UU Scroll backward N lines, default one half of the screen size.
If N is specified, it becomes the new default for subsequent
d and u commands.
gg Go to line N in the file, default 1 (beginning of file).
GG Go to line N in the file, default the end of the file.
pp or %% Go to a position N percent into the file. N should be be-
tween 0 and 100. (This works if standard input is being
read, but only if mmoorree has already read to the end of the
file. It is always fast, but not always useful.)
rr or ^^LL Repaint the screen.
RR Repaint the screen, discarding any buffered input. Useful if
the file is changing while it is being viewed.
mm Followed by any lowercase letter, marks the current position
with that letter.
'' (Single quote.) Followed by any lowercase letter, returns to
the position which was previously marked with that letter.
Followed by another single quote, returns to the postion at
which the last "large" movement command was executed, or the
beginning of the file if no such movements have occurred.
All marks are lost when a new file is examined.
//_p_a_t_t_e_r_n Search forward in the file for the N-th line containing the
pattern. N defaults to 1. The pattern is a regular expres-
sion, as recognized by ed. The search starts at the second
line displayed.
??_p_a_t_t_e_r_n Search backward in the file for the N-th line containing the
pattern. The search starts at the line immediately before
the top line displayed.
//!!_p_a_t_t_e_r_n Like /, but the search is for the N-th line which does NOT
contain the pattern.
??!!_p_a_t_t_e_r_n Like ?, but the search is for the N-th line which does NOT
contain the pattern.
nn Repeat previous search, for N-th line containing the last
pattern (or NOT containing the last pattern, if the previous
search was /! or ?!).
EE[_f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e]
Examine a new file. If the filename is missing, the "cur-
rent" file (see the N and P commands below) from the list of
files in the command line is re-examined. If the filename is
a pound sign (#), the previously examined file is re-
examined.
NN or ::nn Examine the next file (from the list of files given in the
command line). If a number N is specified (not to be con-
fused with the command N), the N-th next file is examined.
PP or ::pp Examine the previous file. If a number N is specified, the
N-th previous file is examined.
::tt Go to supplied tag.
vv Invokes an editor to edit the current file being viewed. The
editor is taken from the environment variable EDITOR, or de-
faults to vi(1).
== or ^^GG These options print out the number of the file currently be-
ing displayed relative to the total number of files there are
to display, the current line number, the current byte number
and the total bytes to display, and what percentage of the
file has been displayed. If mmoorree is reading from stdin, or
the file is shorter than a single screen, some of these items
may not be available. Note, all of these items reference the
first byte of the last line displayed on the screen.
qq or ::qq or ZZZZ
Exits mmoorree.
EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT
MMoorree utilizes the following environment variables, if they exist:
MORE This variable may be set with favored options to mmoorree.
EDITOR Specify default editor.
SHELL Current shell in use (normally set by the shell at login
time).
TERM Specifies terminal type, used by more to get the terminal
characteristics necessary to manipulate the screen.
SSEEEE AALLSSOO
ctags(1), vi(1)
AAUUTTHHOORR
This software is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by Mark
Nudleman.
HHIISSTTOORRYY
The mmoorree command appeared in 3.0BSD.
4.4BSD June 6, 1993 3