4.4BSD/usr/share/man/cat7/ms.0
MS(7) BSD Reference Manual MS(7)
NNAAMMEE
ms - text formatting macros
SSYYNNOOPPSSIISS
nnrrooffff --mmss [ options ] file ...
ttrrooffff --mmss [ options ] file ...
DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN
This package of _n_r_o_f_f and _t_r_o_f_f macro definitions provides
a formatting facility for various styles of articles, the-
ses, and books. When producing 2-column output on a ter-
minal or lineprinter, or when reverse line motions are
needed, filter the output through _c_o_l(1). All external
-ms macros are defined below. Many _n_r_o_f_f and _t_r_o_f_f
requests are unsafe in conjunction with this package.
However, the first four requests below may be used with
impunity after initialization, and the last two may be
used even before initialization:
.bp begin new page
.br break output line
.sp n insert n spacing lines
.ce n center next n lines
.ls n line spacing: n=1 single, n=2 double space
.na no alignment of right margin
Font and point size changes with \f and \s are also
allowed; for example, ``\fIword\fR'' will italicize _w_o_r_d_.
Output of the _t_b_l_, _e_q_n_, and _r_e_f_e_r(1) preprocessors for
equations, tables, and references is acceptable as input.
FFIILLEESS
/usr/share/tmac/tmac.x
/usr/share/ms/x.???
SSEEEE AALLSSOO
eqn(1), refer(1), tbl(1), troff(1)
RREEQQUUEESSTTSS
Macro Initial Break? Explanation
Name Value Reset?
.AB _x - y begin abstract; if _x=no don't label abstract
.AE - y end abstract
.AI - y author's institution
.AM - n better accent mark definitions
.AU - y author's name
.B _x - n embolden _x; if no _x, switch to boldface
.B1 - y begin text to be enclosed in a box
.B2 - y end boxed text and print it
.BT date n bottom title, printed at foot of page
.BX _x - n print word _x in a box
.CM if t n cut mark between pages
.CT - y,y chapter title: page number moved to CF (TM only)
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.DA _x if n n force date _x at bottom of page; today if no _x
.DE - y end display (unfilled text) of any kind
.DS _x _y I y begin display with keep; _x=I,L,C,B; _y=indent
.ID _y 8n,.5i y indented display with no keep; _y=indent
.LD - y left display with no keep
.CD - y centered display with no keep
.BD - y block display; center entire block
.EF _x - n even page footer _x (3 part as for .tl)
.EH _x - n even page header _x (3 part as for .tl)
.EN - y end displayed equation produced by _e_q_n
.EQ _x _y - y break out equation; _x=L,I,C; _y=equation number
.FE - n end footnote to be placed at bottom of page
.FP - n numbered footnote paragraph; may be redefined
.FS _x - n start footnote; _x is optional footnote label
.HD undef n optional page header below header margin
.I _x - n italicize _x; if no _x, switch to italics
.IP _x _y - y,y indented paragraph, with hanging tag _x; _y=indent
.IX _x _y - y index words _x _y and so on (up to 5 levels)
.KE - n end keep of any kind
.KF - n begin floating keep; text fills remainder of page
.KS - y begin keep; unit kept together on a single page
.LG - n larger; increase point size by 2
.LP - y,y left (block) paragraph.
.MC _x - y,y multiple columns; _x=column width
.ND _x if t n no date in page footer; _x is date on cover
.NH _x _y - y,y numbered header; _x=level, _x=0 resets, _x=S sets to _y
.NL 10p n set point size back to normal
.OF _x - n odd page footer _x (3 part as for .tl)
.OH _x - n odd page header _x (3 part as for .tl)
.P1 if TM n print header on 1st page
.PP - y,y paragraph with first line indented
.PT - % - n page title, printed at head of page
.PX _x - y print index (table of contents); _x=no suppresses title
.QP - y,y quote paragraph (indented and shorter)
.R on n return to Roman font
.RE 5n y,y retreat: end level of relative indentation
.RP _x - n released paper format; _x=no stops title on 1st page
.RS 5n y,y right shift: start level of relative indentation
.SH - y,y section header, in boldface
.SM - n smaller; decrease point size by 2
.TA 8n,5n n set tabs to 8n 16n ... (nroff) 5n 10n ... (troff)
.TC _x - y print table of contents at end; _x=no suppresses title
.TE - y end of table processed by _t_b_l
.TH - y end multi-page header of table
.TL - y title in boldface and two points larger
.TM off n UC Berkeley thesis mode
.TS _x - y,y begin table; if _x=H table has multi-page header
.UL _x - n underline _x, even in _t_r_o_f_f
.UX _x - n UNIX; trademark message first time; _x appended
.XA _x _y - y another index entry; _x=page or no for none; _y=indent
.XE - y end index entry (or series of .IX entries)
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.XP - y,y paragraph with first line exdented, others indented
.XS _x _y - y begin index entry; _x=page or no for none; _y=indent
.1C on y,y one column format, on a new page
.2C - y,y begin two column format
.]- - n beginning of _r_e_f_e_r reference
.[0 - n end of unclassifiable type of reference
.[N - n N= 1:journal-article, 2:book, 3:book-article, 4:report
RREEGGIISSTTEERRSS
Formatting distances can be controlled in -ms by means of
built-in number registers. For example, this sets the
line length to 6.5 inches:
.nr LL 6.5i
Here is a table of number registers and their default val-
ues:
Name Register Controls Takes Effect Default
PS point size paragraph 10
VS vertical spacing paragraph 12
LL line length paragraph 6i
LT title length next page same as LL
FL footnote length next .FS 5.5i
PD paragraph distance paragraph 1v (if n), .3v (if t)
DD display distance displays 1v (if n), .5v (if t)
PI paragraph indent paragraph 5n
QI quote indent next .QP 5n
FI footnote indent next .FS 2n
PO page offset next page 0 (if n), ~1i (if t)
HM header margin next page 1i
FM footer margin next page 1i
FF footnote format next .FS 0 (1, 2, 3 available)
When resetting these values, make sure to specify the
appropriate units. Setting the line length to 7, for
example, will result in output with one character per
line. Setting FF to 1 suppresses footnote superscripting;
setting it to 2 also suppresses indentation of the first
line; and setting it to 3 produces an .IP-like footnote
paragraph.
Here is a list of string registers available in -ms; they
may be used anywhere in the text:
Name String's Function
\*Q quote (" in _n_r_o_f_f_, `` in _t_r_o_f_f )
\*U unquote (" in _n_r_o_f_f_, '' in _t_r_o_f_f )
\*- dash (-- in _n_r_o_f_f_, -- in _t_r_o_f_f )
\*(MO month (month of the year)
\*(DY day (current date)
\** automatically numbered footnote
\*[ opening footnote string delimiter
\*] closing footnote string delimiter
\*([. opening reference tag delimiter
\*(.] closing reference tag delimiter
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\*' acute accent (before letter)
\*` grave accent (before letter)
\*^ circumflex (before letter)
\*, cedilla (before letter)
\*: umlaut (before letter)
\*~ tilde (before letter)
The opening and closing delimiters for footnote numbers
and reference tags may be changed by resetting the appro-
priate string. Both opening delimiters change to italics
and superscript in _t_r_o_f_f, reverting to the previous font
and the baseline at the closing delimiter. In _n_r_o_f_f,
square brackets are used as delimiters, with footnote num-
bers in italics.
When using the extended accent mark definitions available
with .AM, these strings should come after, rather than
before, the letter to be accented.
BBUUGGSS
Floating keeps and regular keeps are diverted to the same
space, so they cannot be mixed together with predictable
results.
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