4.4BSD/usr/share/man/cat8/badsect.0

BADSECT(8)                BSD System Manager's Manual               BADSECT(8)

NNAAMMEE
     bbaaddsseecctt - create files to contain bad sectors

SSYYNNOOPPSSIISS
     //eettcc//bbaaddsseecctt _b_b_d_i_r _s_e_c_t_o_r _._._.

DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN
     BBaaddsseecctt makes a file to contain a bad sector.  Normally, bad sectors are
     made inaccessible by the standard formatter, which provides a forwarding
     table for bad sectors to the driver; see bad144(8) for details.  If a
     driver supports the bad blocking standard it is much preferable to use
     that method to isolate bad blocks, since the bad block forwarding makes
     the pack appear perfect, and such packs can then be copied with dd(1).
     The technique used by this program is also less general than bad block
     forwarding, as bbaaddsseecctt can't make amends for bad blocks in the i-list of
     file systems or in swap areas.

     On some disks, adding a sector which is suddenly bad to the bad sector
     table currently requires the running of the standard DEC formatter.  Thus
     to deal with a newly bad block or on disks where the drivers do not sup-
     port the bad-blocking standard bbaaddsseecctt may be used to good effect.

     BBaaddsseecctt is used on a quiet file system in the following way: First mount
     the file system, and change to its root directory.  Make a directory BAD
     there.  Run bbaaddsseecctt giving as argument the _B_A_D directory followed by all
     the bad sectors you wish to add.  (The sector numbers must be relative to
     the beginning of the file system, but this is not hard as the system re-
     ports relative sector numbers in its console error messages.)  Then
     change back to the root directory, unmount the file system and run
     fsck(8) on the file system.  The bad sectors should show up in two files
     or in the bad sector files and the free list.  Have fsck remove files
     containing the offending bad sectors, but _d_o _n_o_t have it remove the
     _B_A_D_/_n_n_n_n_n files.  This will leave the bad sectors in only the BAD files.

     BBaaddsseecctt works by giving the specified sector numbers in a mknod(2) system
     call, creating an illegal file whose first block address is the block
     containing bad sector and whose name is the bad sector number.  When it
     is discovered by fsck it will ask ``HOLD BAD BLOCK ?'' A positive re-
     sponse will cause fsck to convert the inode to a regular file containing
     the bad block.

SSEEEE AALLSSOO
     bad144(8),  fsck(8),  format(8)

DDIIAAGGNNOOSSTTIICCSS
     BBaaddsseecctt refuses to attach a block that resides in a critical area or is
     out of range of the file system.  A warning is issued if the block is al-
     ready in use.

BBUUGGSS
     If more than one sector which comprise a file system fragment are bad,
     you should specify only one of them to bbaaddsseecctt, as the blocks in the bad
     sector files actually cover all the sectors in a file system fragment.

HHIISSTTOORRYY
     The bbaaddsseecctt command appeared in 4.1BSD.

4th Berkeley Distribution        June 5, 1993                                1