4.4BSD/usr/src/usr.bin/netstat/netstat.1
.\" Copyright (c) 1983, 1990, 1992, 1993
.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
.\" without specific prior written permission.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.\" @(#)netstat.1 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/12/93
.\"
.Dd June 12, 1993
.Dt NETSTAT 1
.Os BSD 4.2
.Sh NAME
.Nm netstat
.Nd show network status
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Nm netstat
.Op Fl ABan
.Op Fl f Ar address_family
.Op Ar system
.Op Ar core
.Nm netstat
.Op Fl Bimnrs
.Op Fl f Ar address_family
.Op Fl M Ar core
.Op Fl N Ar system
.Nm netstat
.Op Fl n
.Op Fl I Op Ar interface
.Op Fl M Ar core
.Op Fl N Ar system
.Op Fl w Ar wait
.Nm netstat
.Op Fl p Ar protocol
.Op Fl M Ar core
.Op Fl N Ar system
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm netstat
command symbolically displays the contents of various network-related
data structures.
There are a number of output formats,
depending on the options for the information presented.
The first form of the command displays a list of active sockets for
each protocol.
The second form presents the contents of one of the other network
data structures according to the option selected.
Using the third form, with a
.Ar wait
interval specified,
.Nm netstat
will continuously display the information regarding packet
traffic on the configured network interfaces.
The fourth form displays statistics about the named protocol.
.Pp
The options have the following meaning:
.Bl -tag -width flag
.It Fl A
With the default display,
show the address of any protocol control blocks associated with sockets; used
for debugging.
.It Fl B
With the default display,
show the multicast routing tables.
When
.Fl s
is also present, show multicast routing statistics instead.
.It Fl a
With the default display,
show the state of all sockets; normally sockets used by
server processes are not shown.
.It Fl d
With either interface display (option
.Fl i
or an interval, as described below),
show the number of dropped packets.
.It Fl i
Show the state of interfaces which have been auto-configured
(interfaces statically configured into a system, but not
located at boot time are not shown).
.It Fl I Ar interface
Show information only about this interface;
used with an
.Ar wait
interval as described below.
.It Fl M
Extract values associated with the name list from the specified core
instead of the default
.Pa /dev/kmem .
.It Fl m
Show statistics recorded by the memory management routines
(the network manages a private pool of memory buffers).
.It Fl N
Extract the name list from the specified system instead of the default
.Pa /vmunix .
.It Fl n
Show network addresses as numbers (normally
.Nm netstat
interprets addresses and attempts to display them
symbolically).
This option may be used with any of the display formats.
.It Fl p Ar protocol
Show statistics about
.Ar protocol ,
which is either a well-known name for a protocol or an alias for it. Some
protocol names and aliases are listed in the file
.Pa /etc/protocols .
A null response typically means that there are no interesting numbers to
report.
The program will complain if
.Ar protocol
is unknown or if there is no statistics routine for it.
.It Fl s
Show per-protocol statistics.
.It Fl r
Show the routing tables.
When
.Fl s
is also present, show routing statistics instead.
.It Fl f Ar address_family
Limit statistics or address control block reports to those
of the specified
.Ar address family .
The following address families
are recognized:
.Ar inet ,
for
.Dv AF_INET ,
.Ar ns ,
for
.Dv AF_NS ,
and
.Ar unix ,
for
.Dv AF_UNIX .
.El
.Pp
The default display, for active sockets, shows the local
and remote addresses, send and receive queue sizes (in bytes), protocol,
and the internal state of the protocol.
Address formats are of the form ``host.port'' or ``network.port''
if a socket's address specifies a network but no specific host address.
When known the host and network addresses are displayed symbolically
according to the data bases
.Pa /etc/hosts
and
.Pa /etc/networks ,
respectively. If a symbolic name for an address is unknown, or if
the
.Fl n
option is specified, the address is printed numerically, according
to the address family.
For more information regarding
the Internet ``dot format,''
refer to
.Xr inet 3 ) .
Unspecified,
or ``wildcard'', addresses and ports appear as ``*''.
.Pp
The interface display provides a table of cumulative
statistics regarding packets transferred, errors, and collisions.
The network addresses of the interface
and the maximum transmission unit (``mtu'') are also displayed.
.Pp
The routing table display indicates the available routes and
their status. Each route consists of a destination host or network
and a gateway to use in forwarding packets. The flags field shows
the state of the route (``U'' if ``up''), whether the route
is to a gateway (``G''), whether the route was created dynamically
by a redirect (``D''), and whether the route has been modified
by a redirect (``M''). Direct routes are created for each
interface attached to the local host;
the gateway field for such entries shows the address of the outgoing interface.
The refcnt field gives the
current number of active uses of the route. Connection oriented
protocols normally hold on to a single route for the duration of
a connection while connectionless protocols obtain a route while sending
to the same destination.
The use field provides a count of the number of packets
sent using that route. The interface entry indicates the network
interface utilized for the route.
.Pp
When
.Nm netstat
is invoked with a
.Ar wait
interval argument, it displays a running count of statistics related to
network interfaces.
This display consists of a column for the primary interface (the first
interface found during autoconfiguration) and a column summarizing
information for all interfaces.
The primary interface may be replaced with another interface with the
.Fl I
option.
The first line of each screen of information contains a summary since the
system was last rebooted. Subsequent lines of output show values
accumulated over the preceding interval.
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr iostat 1 ,
.Xr nfsstat 1 ,
.Xr ps 1 ,
.Xr vmstat 1 ,
.Xr hosts 5 ,
.Xr networks 5 ,
.Xr protocols 5 ,
.Xr services 5 ,
.Xr trpt 8 ,
.Xr trsp 8
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm netstat
command appeared in
.Bx 4.2 .
.\" .Sh FILES
.\" .Bl -tag -width /dev/kmem -compact
.\" .It Pa /vmunix
.\" default kernel namelist
.\" .It Pa /dev/kmem
.\" default memory file
.\" .El
.Sh BUGS
The notion of errors is ill-defined.
.Pp
Collisions mean something else for the
.Tn IMP .