.nr PS 9 .nr VS 11 .vs 11p .ps 9p .af PN i .TL PREFACE .LP .pn 4 .nr PN 3 This manual reflects the Berkeley system mid-October, 1980. A large amount of tuning has been done in the system since the last release; we hope this provides as noticeable an improvement for you as it did for us. This release finds the system in transition; a number of facilities have been added in experimental versions (job control, resource limits) and the implementation of others is imminent (shared-segments, higher performance from the file system, etc.). Applications which use facilities that are in transition should be aware that some of the system calls and library routines will change in the near future. We have tried to be conscientious and make it very clear where this is likely. .LP A new group has been formed at Berkeley, to assume responsibility for the future development and support of a version of UNIX on the VAX. The group has received funding from the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) to supply a standard version of the system to DARPA contractors. The same version of the system will be made available to other licensees of UNIX on the VAX for a duplication charge. We gratefully acknowledge the support of this contract. .LP We wish to acknowledge the contribution of a number of individuals to the the system. .LP We would especially like to thank Jim Kulp of IIASA, Laxenburg Austria and his colleagues, who first put job control facilities into UNIX; Eric Allman, Robert Henry, Peter Kessler and Kirk McKusick, who contributed major new pieces of software; Mark Horton, who contributed to the improvement of facilities and substantially improved the quality of our bit-mapped fonts, our hardware support staff: Bob Kridle, Anita Hirsch, Len Edmondson and Fred Archibald, who helped us to debug a number of new peripherals; Ken Arnold who did much of the leg-work in getting this version of the manual prepared, and did the final editing of sections 2-6, some special individuals within Bell Laboratories: Greg Chesson, Stuart Feldman, Dick Haight, Howard Katseff, Brian Kernighan, Tom London, John Reiser, Dennis Ritchie, Ken Thompson, and Peter Weinberger who helped out by answering questions; our excellent local DEC field service people, Kevin Althouse and Frank Chargois who kept our machine running virtually all the time, and fixed it quickly when things broke; and, Mike Accetta of Carnegie-Mellon University, Robert Elz of the University of Melbourne, George Goble of Purdue University, and David Kashtan of the Stanford Research Institute for their technical advice and support. .LP Special thanks to Bill Munson of DEC who helped by augmenting our computing facility and to Eric Allman for carefully proofreading the ``last'' draft of the manual and finding the bugs which we knew were there but couldn't see. .LP We dedicate this to the memory of David Sakrison, late chairman of our department, who gave his support to the establishment of our VAX computing facility, and to our department as a whole. .sp 1 .in 4i .nf W. N. Joy \*:O. Babao\*~glu R. S. Fabry K. Sklower .fi .bp .in 0 .sp 2 .ce \fIPreface to the Third Berkeley distribution\fP .sp 1 This manual reflects the state of the Berkeley system, December 1979. We would like to thank all the people at Berkeley who have contributed to the system, and particularly thank Prof. Richard Fateman for creating and administrating a hospitable environment, Mark Horton who helped prepare this manual, and Eric Allman, Bob Kridle, Juan Porcar and Richard Tuck for their contributions to the kernel. .LP The cooperation of Bell Laboratories in providing us with an early version of \s-2UNIX\s0/32V is greatly appreciated. We would especially like to thank Dr. Charles Roberts of Bell Laboratories for helping us obtain this release, and acknowledge T. B. London, J. F. Reiser, K. Thompson, D. M. Ritchie, G. Chesson and H. P. Katseff for their advice and support. .sp 1 .in 4i W. N. Joy .br \u\*:\dO. Babao\*~glu .in 0 .ne 10 .sp 2 .ce \fIPreface to the UNIX/32V distribution\fP .sp 1 The .UX operating system for the VAX*-11 .FS *VAX and PDP are Trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation. .FE provides substantially the same facilities as the \s-2UNIX\s0 system for the PDP*-11. .LP We acknowledge the work of many who came before us, and particularly thank G. K. Swanson, W. M. Cardoza, D. K. Sharma, and J. F. Jarvis for assistance with the implementation for the VAX-11/780. .sp 1 .in 4i T. B. London .br J. F. Reiser .in 0 .sp 2 .ce \fIPreface to the Seventh Edition\fP .sp 1 .LP Although this Seventh Edition no longer bears their byline, Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie remain the fathers and preceptors of the \s-2UNIX\s0 time-sharing system. Many of the improvements here described bear their mark. Among many, many other people who have contributed to the further flowering of \s-2UNIX\s0, we wish especially to acknowledge the contributions of A. V. Aho, S. R. Bourne, L. L. Cherry, G. L. Chesson, S. I. Feldman, C. B. Haley, R. C. Haight, S. C. Johnson, M. E. Lesk, T. L. Lyon, L. E. McMahon, R. Morris, R. Muha, D. A. Nowitz, L. Wehr, and P. J. Weinberger. We appreciate also the effective advice and criticism of T. A. Dolotta, A. G. Fraser, J. F. Maranzano, and J. R. Mashey; and we remember the important work of the late Joseph F. Ossanna. .sp 1 .in 4i B. W. Kernighan .br M. D. McIlroy .in 0