a.out (5) - assembler and link editor output aardvark (6) - yet another exploration game abort (3) - generate a fault abs (3) - integer absolute value ac (8) - login accounting access (2) - determine accessibility of file acct (2) - turn accounting on or off acct (5) - execution accounting file adb (1) - debugger adduser (8) - procedure for adding new users adventure (6) - an exploration game alarm (2) - schedule signal after specified time aliases (5) - aliases file for delivermail analyze (8) - Virtual UNIX postmortem crash analyzer apl (1) - an apl interpreter apropos (1) - locate commands by keyword lookup ar (1) - archive and library maintainer ar (5) - archive (library) file format arcv (8) - convert archives to new format arff, flcopy (8) - archiver and copier for floppy arithmetic (6) - provide drill in number facts as (1) - assembler ascii (7) - map of ASCII character set assert (3X) - program verification at (1) - execute commands at a later time atof, atoi, atol (3) - convert ASCII to numbers awk (1) - pattern scanning and processing language backgammon (6) - the game banner (6) - print large banner on printer basename (1) - strip filename affixes bc (1) - arbitrary-precision arithmetic language bcd (6) - convert to antique media biff (1) - be notified if mail arrives and who it is from bk (4) - line discipline for machine-machine communication boggle (6) - play the game of boggle brk, sbrk, break (2) - change core allocation cal (1) - print calendar calendar (1) - reminder service call (1C) - ring a telephone cat (1) - catenate and print catman (8) - create the cat files for the manual cb (1) - C program beautifier cc (CC) - C compiler cd (1) - change working directory chdir (2) - change current working directory checknr (1) - check nroff/troff files chess (6) - the game of chess chfn (1) - change full name of user ching, fortune (6) - the book of changes and other cookies chmod (1) - change mode chmod (2) - change mode of file chown (2) - change owner and group of a file chown, chgrp (8) - change owner or group chsh (1) - change default login shell cifplot (1) - CIF interpreter and plotter clear (1) - clear terminal screen close (2) - close a file clri (8) - clear i-node cmp (1) - compare two files col (1) - filter reverse line feeds colcrt (1) - filter nroff output for CRT previewing colrm (1) - remove columns from a file comm (1) - select or reject lines common to two sorted files compact, uncompact, ccat (1) - compress and uncompress files, and cat them cons (4) - console interface core (5) - format of memory image file cp (1) - copy crash (8) - what happens when the system crashes creat (2) - create a new file cribbage (6) - the card game cribbage cron (8) - clock daemon crypt (1) - encode/decode crypt, setkey, encrypt (3) - DES encryption csh (1) - a shell (command interpreter) with C-like syntax ctags (1) - create a tags file ctime, localtime, gmtime, asctime, timezone (3) - convert date and time to ASCII cu (1C) - call UNIX curses (3) - screen functions with ``optimal'' cursor motion date (1) - print and set the date dbminit, fetch, store, delete, firstkey, nextkey (3X) - data base subroutines dc (1) - desk calculator dcheck (8) - file system directory consistency check dd (1) - convert and copy a file delivermail (8) - deliver mail to arbitrary people deroff (1) - remove nroff, troff, tbl and eqn constructs df (1) - disk free dh (4) - DH-11 communications multiplexer diction,explain (1) - print wordy sentences; thesaurus for diction diction,explain (1) - print wordy sentences; thesaurus for diction diff (1) - differential file and directory comparator diff3 (1) - 3-way differential file comparison dir (5) - format of directories dmesg (8) - collect system diagnostic messages to form error log drum (4) - paging device du (1) - summarize disk usage dump (8) - incremental file system dump dump, ddate (5) - incremental dump format dumpdir (8) - print the names of files on a dump tape dup, dup2 (2) - duplicate an open file descriptor dz (4) - DZ-11 communications multiplexer echo (1) - echo arguments ecvt, fcvt, gcvt (3) - output conversion ed (1) - text editor efl (1) - Extended Fortran Language end, etext, edata (3) - last locations in program environ (5) - user environment eqn, neqn, checkeq (1) - typeset mathematics eqnchar (7) - special character definitions for eqn error (1) - analyze and disperse compiler error messages ex, edit (1) - text editor execl, execv, execle, execve, execlp, execvp, exec, exece, environ (2) - execute a file exit (2) - terminate process exp, log, log10, pow, sqrt (3M) - exponential, logarithm, power, square root expand, unexpand (1) - expand tabs to spaces, and vice versa expr (1) - evaluate arguments as an expression eyacc (1) - modified yacc allowing much improved error recovery f77 (1) - Fortran 77 compiler fabs, floor, ceil (3M) - absolute value, floor, ceiling functions fclose, fflush (3S) - close or flush a stream feof, ferror, clearerr, fileno (3S) - stream status inquiries file (1) - determine file type filsys, flblk, ino (5) - format of file system volume find (1) - find files finger (1) - user information lookup program fish (6) - play ``Go Fish'' fl (4) - floppy interface fmt (1) - simple text formatter fold (1) - fold long lines for finite width output device fopen, freopen, fdopen (3S) - open a stream fork (2) - spawn new process fortune (6) - print a random, hopefully interesting, adage fread, fwrite (3S) - buffered binary input/output frexp, ldexp, modf (3) - split into mantissa and exponent from (1) - who is my mail from? fsck (8) - file system consistency check and interactive repair fseek, ftell, rewind (3S) - reposition a stream fstab (5) - static information about the filesystems gamma (3M) - log gamma function getarg, iargc (3F) - command arguments to Fortran getc, getchar, fgetc, getw (3S) - get character or word from stream getenv (3) - value for environment name getfsent, getfsspec, getfsfile, setfsent, endfsent (3) - get file system descriptor file entry getgrent, getgrgid, getgrnam, setgrent, endgrent (3) - get group file entry getlogin (3) - get login name getpass (3) - read a password getpid (2) - get process identification getpw (3) - get name from uid getpwent, getpwuid, getpwnam, setpwent, endpwent (3) - get password file entry gets (1) - get a string from standard input gets, fgets (3S) - get a string from a stream getty (8) - set terminal mode getuid, getgid, geteuid, getegid (2) - get user and group identity graph (1G) - draw a graph greek (7) - graphics for extended TTY-37 type-box grep, egrep, fgrep (1) - search a file for a pattern group (5) - group file halt (8) - halt the processor hangman (6) - guess the word head (1) - give first few lines hier (7) - file system hierarchy hp (4) - RP06, RM03, RM-05 moving-head disk ht (4) - RH-11/TE-16 magtape interface hypot, cabs (3M) - Euclidean distance icheck (8) - file system storage consistency check init (8) - process control initialization intro (1) - introduction to commands intro (3) - introduction to library functions intro, errno (2) - introduction to system calls and error numbers ioctl, stty, gtty (2) - control device iostat (1) - report I/O statistics isalpha, isupper, islower, isdigit, isalnum, isspace, ispunct, isprint, iscntrl, isascii (3) - character classification j0, j1, jn, y0, y1, yn (3M) - bessel functions jobs (3J) - summary of job control facilities join (1) - relational database operator kill (1) - terminate a process with extreme prejudice kill (2) - send signal to a process killpg (2J) - send signal to a process or a process group kl (4) - KL-11 or DL-11 asynchronous interface l3tol, ltol3 (3) - convert between 3-byte integers and long integers last (1) - indicate last logins of users and teletypes lastcomm (1) - show last commands executed in reverse order ld (1) - link editor learn (1) - computer aided instruction about UNIX leave (1) - remind you when you have to leave lex (1) - generator of lexical analysis programs link (2) - link to a file lint (1) - a C program verifier lisp (1) - lisp interpreter liszt (1) - compile a Franz Lisp program ln (1) - make links lock (1) - reserve a terminal login (1) - sign on look (1) - find lines in a sorted list lorder (1) - find ordering relation for an object library lp (4) - line printer lpr, lprm, lpq, print (1) - line printer spooler ls (1) - list contents of directory lseek, tell (2) - move read/write pointer lxref (1) - lisp cross reference program m4 (1) - macro processor mail (1) - send and receive mail mail (1) - send or receive mail among users mail (4) - pseudo-device for mail notification make (1) - maintain program groups makekey (8) - generate encryption key malloc, free, realloc, calloc (3) - main memory allocator man (1) - find manual information by keywords; print out the manual man (7) - macros to typeset manual me (7) - macros for formatting papers mem, kmem (4) - main memory mesg (1) - permit or deny messages mille (6) - play Mille Bournes mkdir (1) - make a directory mkfs (8) - construct a file system mklost+found (8) - make a lost+found directory for fsck mknod (2) - make a directory or a special file mknod (8) - build special file mkstr (1) - create an error message file by massaging C source mktemp (3) - make a unique file name monitor (3) - prepare execution profile monop (6) - Monopoly game more, page (1) - file perusal filter for crt viewing mount, umount (2) - mount or remove file system mount, umount (8) - mount and dismount file system mpx (2) - create and manipulate multiplexed files mpxio (5) - multiplexed i/o ms (7) - macros for formatting manuscripts msgs (1) - system messages and junk mail program mtab (5) - mounted file system table mv (1) - move or rename files ncheck (8) - generate names from i-numbers net (1) - execute a command on a remote machine netcp (1) - remote copy of files through the net netlog (1) - print the last few lines of the network log file netlogin (1) - provide login name and password for a remote machine netlpr (1) - use a remote lineprinter through the net netmail (1) - read mail on a remote machine over the network netq (1) - print contents of network queue netrm (1) - remove a command from the network queue nettroff (1) - troff to the phototypesetter over the network newaliases (1) - rebuild the data base for the mail aliases file newcsh (1) - description of new csh features (over oldcsh) newgrp (1) - log in to a new group newtty (4) - summary of the ``new'' tty driver nice (2) - set program priority nice, nohup (1) - run a command at low priority (\fIsh\fR only) nlist (3) - get entries from name list nm (1) - print name list null (4) - data sink num (1) - number lines number (6) - convert Arabic numerals to English od (1) - octal dump old (8) - directory of old programs open (2) - open for reading or writing passwd (1) - change login password passwd (5) - password file pause (2) - stop until signal pc (1) - Pascal compiler perror, sys_errlist, sys_nerr (3) - system error messages pi (1) - Pascal interpreter code translator pipe (2) - create an interprocess channel pix (1) - Pascal interpreter and executor plot (1G) - graphics filters plot (5) - graphics interface plot: openpl et al. (3X) - graphics interface popen, pclose (3S) - initiate I/O to/from a process pr (1) - print file print (1) - pr to the line printer printenv (1) - print out the environment printf, fprintf, sprintf (3S) - formatted output conversion prmail (1) - print out mail in the post office prof (1) - display profile data profil (2) - execution time profile ps (1) - process status pstat (8) - print system facts pti (1) - phototypesetter interpreter ptrace (2) - process trace ptx (1) - permuted index putc, putchar, fputc, putw (3S) - put character or word on a stream puts, fputs (3S) - put a string on a stream pwd (1) - working directory name px (1) - Pascal interpreter pxp (1) - Pascal execution profiler pxref (1) - Pascal cross-reference program qsort (3) - quicker sort quiz (6) - test your knowledge quot (8) - summarize file system ownership rand, srand (3) - random number generator ranlib (1) - convert archives to random libraries ratfor (1) - rational Fortran dialect rc (8) - command script for auto-reboot and daemons re_comp, re_exec (3) - regular expression handler read (2) - read from file reboot (2V) - reboot system or halt processor reboot (8) - UNIX bootstrapping procedures refer, lookbib (1) - find and insert literature references in documents renice (8) - alter priority of running process by changing nice reset (1) - reset the teletype bits to a sensible state restor (8) - incremental file system restore rev (1) - reverse lines of a file rewind (1) - rewind tape drive rk (4) - RK-11/RK07 rm, rmdir (1) - remove (unlink) files rv (4) - Racal/Vadic ACU interface sa, accton (8) - system accounting scanf, fscanf, sscanf (3S) - formatted input conversion script (1) - make typescript of terminal session sdb (1) - symbolic debugger sed (1) - stream editor see (1) - see what a file has in it setbuf (3S) - assign buffering to a stream setjmp, longjmp (3) - non-local goto setpgrp, getpgrp (2J) - set/get process group setuid, setgid (2) - set user and group ID sh, for, case, if, while, \fB:\fP, \fB.\fP, break, continue, cd, eval, exec, exit, export, login, newgrp, read, readonly, set, shift, times, trap, umask, wait (1) - command language signal (2) - catch or ignore signals sigset, signal, sighold, sigignore, sigrelse, sigpause (3) - manage signals sigsys (2J) - catch or ignore signals sin, cos, tan, asin, acos, atan, atan2 (3M) - trigonometric functions sinh, cosh, tanh (3M) - hyperbolic functions size (1) - size of an object file sleep (1) - suspend execution for an interval sleep (3) - suspend execution for interval snake, snscore (6) - display chase game soelim (1) - eliminate \&.so's from nroff input sort (1) - sort or merge files spell, spellin, spellout (1) - find spelling errors spline (1G) - interpolate smooth curve split (1) - split a file into pieces stab (5) - symbol table types stat, fstat (2) - get file status stdio (3S) - standard buffered input/output package sticky (8) - executable files with persistent text stime (2) - set time strcat, strncat, strcmp, strncmp, strcpy, strncpy, strlen, index, rindex (3) - string operations strings (1) - find the printable strings in a object, or other binary, file strip (1) - remove symbols and relocation bits struct (1) - structure Fortran programs stty (1) - set terminal options style (1) - analyze surface characteristics of a document su (1) - substitute user id temporarily sum (1) - sum and count blocks in a file swab (3) - swap bytes swapon (8) - specify additional device for paging and swapping symorder (1) - rearrange name list sync (2) - update super-block sync (8) - update the super block syscall (2) - indirect system call system (3) - issue a shell command tabs (1) - set terminal tabs tail (1) - deliver the last part of a file tar (1) - tape archiver tbl (1) - format tables for nroff or troff tc (1) - photypesetter simulator tee (1) - pipe fitting termcap (5) - terminal capability data base terminals (7) - conventional names test (1) - condition command tgetent, tgetnum, tgetflag, tgetstr, tgoto, tputs (3) - terminal independent operation routines time (1) - time a command time, ftime (2) - get date and time times (2) - get process times tk (1) - paginator for the Tektronix 4014 tm (4) - TM-11/TU-10 magtape interface touch (1) - update date last modified of a file tp (1) - manipulate tape archive tp (5) - DEC/mag tape formats tr (1) - translate characters trek (6) - trekkie game trman (1) - translate version 6 manual macros to version 7 macros troff, nroff (1) - text formatting and typesetting true, false (1) - provide truth values tset (1) - set terminal modes tsort (1) - topological sort tty (1) - get terminal name tty (4) - general terminal interface ttyname, isatty, ttyslot (3) - find name of a terminal ttys (5) - terminal initialization data ttytype (5) - data base of terminal types by port types (5) - primitive system data types ul (1) - do underlining umask (2) - set file creation mode mask ungetc (3S) - push character back into input stream uniq (1) - report repeated lines in a file units (1) - conversion program unlink (2) - remove directory entry up (4) - emulex sc21/ampex 9300 UNIBUS moving head disk update (8) - periodically update the super block uptime (1) - show how long system has been up users (1) - compact list of users who are on the system utime (2) - set file times utmp, wtmp (5) - login records uuclean (1C) - uucp spool directory clean-up uucp, uulog (1C) - unix to unix copy uudiff (1C) - directory comparison between machines uuencode (5) - format of an encoded uuencode file uuencode,uudecode (1C) - encode/decode a binary file for tranmission via mail uusend (1C) - send a file to a remote host uux (1C) - unix to unix command execution va (4) - Benson-Varian interface vadvise (2V) - give advice to paging system valloc (3) - aligned memory allocator varargs (3) - variable argument list vfont (5) - font formats for the Benson-Varian or Versatec vfontinfo (1) - inspect and print out information about unix fonts vfork (2V) - spawn new process in a virtual memory efficient way vgrind (1) - grind nice listings of C programs vhangup (2V) - virtually ``hangup'' the current control terminal vi (1) - screen oriented (visual) display editor based on ex vipw (8) - edit the password file with vi vlimit (2V) - control maximum system resource consumption vmstat (1) - report virtual memory statistics vp (4) - Versatec interface vpac (8) - print raster printer/ploter accounting information vpr, vprm, vpq, vprint (1) - raster printer/plotter spooler vread (2V) - read virtually vswapon (2V) - add a swap device for interleaved paging/swapping vtimes (2V) - get information about resource utilization vtroff (1) - troff to a raster plotter vwrite (2V) - write (virtually) to file w (1) - who is on and what they are doing wait (1) - await completion of process wait (2) - wait for process to terminate wait3 (2J) - wait for process to terminate wall (1) - write to all users wc (1) - word count what (1) - show what versions of object modules were used to construct a file whatis (1) - describe what a command is whereis (1) - locate source, binary, and or manual for program which (1) - locate a program file including aliases and paths (\fIcsh\fR only) who (1) - who is on the system whoami (1) - print effective current user id write (1) - write to another user write (2) - write on a file wtmp (5) - user login history wump (6) - the game of hunt-the-wumpus xsend, xget, enroll (1) - secret mail xstr (1) - extract strings from C programs to implement shared strings yacc (1) - yet another compiler-compiler yes (1) - be repetitively affirmative zork (6) - the game of dungeon