FreeBSD-5.3/sys/alpha/include/asm.h
/*
* Copyright (c) 1991,1990,1989,1994,1995,1996 Carnegie Mellon University
* All Rights Reserved.
*
* Permission to use, copy, modify and distribute this software and its
* documentation is hereby granted, provided that both the copyright
* notice and this permission notice appear in all copies of the
* software, derivative works or modified versions, and any portions
* thereof, and that both notices appear in supporting documentation.
*
* CARNEGIE MELLON ALLOWS FREE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE IN ITS "AS IS"
* CONDITION. CARNEGIE MELLON DISCLAIMS ANY LIABILITY OF ANY KIND FOR
* ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
*
* Carnegie Mellon requests users of this software to return to
*
* Software Distribution Coordinator or Software.Distribution@CS.CMU.EDU
* School of Computer Science
* Carnegie Mellon University
* Pittsburgh PA 15213-3890
*
* any improvements or extensions that they make and grant Carnegie Mellon
* the rights to redistribute these changes.
* From: NetBSD: asm.h,v 1.18 1997/11/03 04:22:06 ross Exp
* $FreeBSD: src/sys/alpha/include/asm.h,v 1.15 2003/01/18 23:43:12 obrien Exp $
*/
#ifndef _MACHINE_ASM_H_
#define _MACHINE_ASM_H_
/*
* Assembly coding style
*
* This file contains macros and register defines to
* aid in writing more readable assembly code.
* Some rules to make assembly code understandable by
* a debugger are also noted.
*
* The document
*
* "ALPHA Calling Standard", DEC 27-Apr-90
*
* defines (a superset of) the rules and conventions
* we use. While we make no promise of adhering to
* such standard and its evolution (esp where we
* can get faster code paths) it is certainly intended
* that we be interoperable with such standard.
*
* In this sense, this file is a proper part of the
* definition of the (software) Alpha architecture.
*/
/*
* Symbolic register names and register saving rules
*
* Legend:
* T Saved by caller (Temporaries)
* S Saved by callee (call-Safe registers)
*/
#define v0 $0 /* (T) return value */
#define t0 $1 /* (T) temporary registers */
#define t1 $2
#define t2 $3
#define t3 $4
#define t4 $5
#define t5 $6
#define t6 $7
#define t7 $8
#define s0 $9 /* (S) call-safe registers */
#define s1 $10
#define s2 $11
#define s3 $12
#define s4 $13
#define s5 $14
#define s6 $15
#define a0 $16 /* (T) argument registers */
#define a1 $17
#define a2 $18
#define a3 $19
#define a4 $20
#define a5 $21
#define t8 $22 /* (T) temporary registers */
#define t9 $23
#define t10 $24
#define t11 $25
#define ra $26 /* (T) return address */
#define t12 $27 /* (T) another temporary */
#define at_reg $28 /* (T) assembler scratch */
#define gp $29 /* (T) (local) data pointer */
#define sp $30 /* (S) stack pointer */
#define zero $31 /* wired zero */
/* In the kernel, we use t7 to point at the per-cpu globals. */
#ifdef _KERNEL
#define pcpup $8
#endif
/* Floating point registers (XXXX VERIFY THIS) */
#define fv0 $f0 /* (T) return value (real) */
#define fv1 $f1 /* (T) return value (imaginary)*/
#define ft0 fv1
#define fs0 $f2 /* (S) call-safe registers */
#define fs1 $f3
#define fs2 $f4
#define fs3 $f5
#define fs4 $f6
#define fs5 $f7
#define fs6 $f8
#define fs7 $f9
#define ft1 $f10 /* (T) temporary registers */
#define ft2 $f11
#define ft3 $f12
#define ft4 $f13
#define ft5 $f14
#define ft6 $f15
#define fa0 $f16 /* (T) argument registers */
#define fa1 $f17
#define fa2 $f18
#define fa3 $f19
#define fa4 $f20
#define fa5 $f21
#define ft7 $f22 /* (T) more temporaries */
#define ft8 $f23
#define ft9 $f24
#define ft10 $f25
#define ft11 $f26
#define ft12 $f27
#define ft13 $f28
#define ft14 $f29
#define ft15 $f30
#define fzero $f31 /* wired zero */
/* Other DEC standard names */
#define ai $25 /* (T) argument information */
#define pv $27 /* (T) procedure value */
/*
* Useful stuff.
*/
#ifdef __STDC__
#define __CONCAT(a,b) a ## b
#else
#define __CONCAT(a,b) a/**/b
#endif
#define ___CONCAT(a,b) __CONCAT(a,b)
/*
* Macro to make a local label name.
*/
#define LLABEL(name,num) ___CONCAT(___CONCAT(L,name),num)
/*
*
* Debuggers need symbol table information to be able to properly
* decode a stack trace. The minimum that should be provided is:
*
* name:
* .proc name,numargs
*
* where "name" is the function's name;
* "numargs" how many arguments it expects. For varargs
* procedures this should be a negative number,
* indicating the minimum required number of
* arguments (which is at least 1);
*
* NESTED functions (functions that call other functions) should define
* how they handle their stack frame in a .frame directive:
*
* .frame framesize, pc_reg, i_mask, f_mask
*
* where "framesize" is the size of the frame for this function, in bytes.
* That is:
* new_sp + framesize == old_sp
* Framesizes should be rounded to a cacheline size.
* Note that old_sp plays the role of a conventional
* "frame pointer";
* "pc_reg" is either a register which preserves the caller's PC
* or 'std', if std the saved PC should be stored at
* old_sp-8
* "i_mask" is a bitmask that indicates which of the integer
* registers are saved. See the M_xx defines at the
* end for the encoding of this 32bit value.
* "f_mask" is the same, for floating point registers.
*
* Note, 10/31/97: This is interesting but it isn't the way gcc outputs
* frame directives and it isn't the way the macros below output them
* either. Frame directives look like this:
*
* .frame $15,framesize,$26,0
*
* If no fp is set up then $30 should be used instead of $15.
* Also, gdb expects to find a <lda sp,-framesize(sp)> at the beginning
* of a procedure. Don't use things like sub sp,framesize,sp for this
* reason. End Note 10/31/97. ross@netbsd.org
*
* Note that registers should be saved starting at "old_sp-8", where the
* return address should be stored. Other registers follow at -16-24-32..
* starting from register 0 (if saved) and up. Then float registers (ifany)
* are saved.
*
* If you need to alias a leaf function, or to provide multiple entry points
* use the LEAF() macro for the main entry point and XLEAF() for the other
* additional/alternate entry points.
* "XLEAF"s must be nested within a "LEAF" and a ".end".
* Similar rules for nested routines, e.g. use NESTED/XNESTED
* Symbols that should not be exported can be declared with the STATIC_xxx
* macros.
*
* All functions must be terminated by the END macro
*
* It is conceivable, although currently at the limits of compiler
* technology, that while performing inter-procedural optimizations
* the compiler/linker be able to avoid unnecessary register spills
* if told about the register usage of LEAF procedures (and by transitive
* closure of NESTED procedures as well). Assembly code can help
* this process using the .reguse directive:
*
* .reguse i_mask, f_mask
*
* where the register masks are built as above or-ing M_xx defines.
*
*
* All symbols are internal unless EXPORTed. Symbols that are IMPORTed
* must be appropriately described to the debugger.
*
*/
/*
* for `.loc' uses
*/
.file 1 __FILE__
/*
* MCOUNT
*/
#if !defined(GPROF) && !defined(PROF)
#define MCOUNT /* nothing */
#else
#define MCOUNT \
.set noat; \
jsr at_reg,_mcount; \
.set at
#endif
/*
* PALVECT, ESETUP, and ERSAVE
* Declare a palcode transfer point, and carefully construct
* gdb symbols with an unusual _negative_ register-save offset
* so that gdb can find the otherwise lost PC and then
* invert the vector for traceback. Also, fix up framesize,
* allowing for the palframe for the same reason.
*/
#define PALVECT(_name_) \
ESETUP(_name_); \
ERSAVE(); \
br pv, 1001f; \
1001:; \
LDGP(pv)
#define ESETUP(_name_) \
.loc 1 __LINE__; \
.globl _name_; \
.ent _name_ 0; \
_name_:; \
.set noat; \
lda sp,-(FRAME_SW_SIZE*8)(sp); \
.frame $30,(FRAME_SW_SIZE+6)*8,$26,0; /* give gdb the real size */\
.mask 0x4000000,-0x28; \
.set at
#define ERSAVE() \
.set noat; \
stq at_reg,(FRAME_AT*8)(sp); \
.set at; \
stq ra,(FRAME_RA*8)(sp); \
.loc 1 __LINE__; \
bsr ra,exception_save_regs /* jmp/CALL trashes pv/t12 */
/*
* LEAF
* Declare a global leaf function.
* A leaf function does not call other functions AND does not
* use any register that is callee-saved AND does not modify
* the stack pointer.
*/
#define LEAF(_name_,_n_args_) \
.globl _name_; \
.ent _name_ 0; \
_name_:; \
.frame sp,0,ra; \
MCOUNT
/* should have been
.proc _name_,_n_args_; \
.frame 0,ra,0,0
*/
#define LEAF_NOPROFILE(_name_,_n_args_) \
.globl _name_; \
.ent _name_ 0; \
_name_:; \
.frame sp,0,ra
/* should have been
.proc _name_,_n_args_; \
.frame 0,ra,0,0
*/
/*
* STATIC_LEAF
* Declare a local leaf function.
*/
#define STATIC_LEAF(_name_,_n_args_) \
.ent _name_ 0; \
_name_:; \
.frame sp,0,ra; \
MCOUNT
/* should have been
.proc _name_,_n_args_; \
.frame 0,ra,0,0
*/
/*
* XLEAF
* Global alias for a leaf function, or alternate entry point
*/
#define XLEAF(_name_,_n_args_) \
.globl _name_; \
.aent _name_ 0; \
_name_:
/* should have been
.aproc _name_,_n_args_;
*/
/*
* STATIC_XLEAF
* Local alias for a leaf function, or alternate entry point
*/
#define STATIC_XLEAF(_name_,_n_args_) \
.aent _name_ 0; \
_name_:
/* should have been
.aproc _name_,_n_args_;
*/
/*
* NESTED
* Declare a (global) nested function
* A nested function calls other functions and needs
* therefore stack space to save/restore registers.
*/
#define NESTED(_name_, _n_args_, _framesize_, _pc_reg_, _i_mask_, _f_mask_ ) \
.globl _name_; \
.ent _name_ 0; \
_name_:; \
.frame sp,_framesize_,_pc_reg_; \
.livereg _i_mask_,_f_mask_; \
MCOUNT
/* should have been
.proc _name_,_n_args_; \
.frame _framesize_, _pc_reg_, _i_mask_, _f_mask_
*/
#define NESTED_NOPROFILE(_name_, _n_args_, _framesize_, _pc_reg_, _i_mask_, _f_mask_ ) \
.globl _name_; \
.ent _name_ 0; \
_name_:; \
.frame sp,_framesize_,_pc_reg_; \
.livereg _i_mask_,_f_mask_
/* should have been
.proc _name_,_n_args_; \
.frame _framesize_, _pc_reg_, _i_mask_, _f_mask_
*/
/*
* STATIC_NESTED
* Declare a local nested function.
*/
#define STATIC_NESTED(_name_, _n_args_, _framesize_, _pc_reg_, _i_mask_, _f_mask_ ) \
.ent _name_ 0; \
_name_:; \
.frame sp,_framesize_,_pc_reg_; \
.livereg _i_mask_,_f_mask_; \
MCOUNT
/* should have been
.proc _name_,_n_args_; \
.frame _framesize_, _pc_reg_, _i_mask_, _f_mask_
*/
/*
* XNESTED
* Same as XLEAF, for a nested function.
*/
#define XNESTED(_name_,_n_args_) \
.globl _name_; \
.aent _name_ 0; \
_name_:
/* should have been
.aproc _name_,_n_args_;
*/
/*
* STATIC_XNESTED
* Same as STATIC_XLEAF, for a nested function.
*/
#define STATIC_XNESTED(_name_,_n_args_) \
.aent _name_ 0; \
_name_:
/* should have been
.aproc _name_,_n_args_;
*/
/*
* END
* Function delimiter
*/
#define END(_name_) \
.end _name_
/*
* CALL
* Function invocation
*/
#define CALL(_name_) \
.loc 1 __LINE__; \
jsr ra,_name_; \
ldgp gp,0(ra)
/* but this would cover longer jumps
br ra,.+4; \
bsr ra,_name_
*/
/*
* RET
* Return from function
*/
#define RET \
ret zero,(ra),1
/*
* EXPORT
* Export a symbol
*/
#define EXPORT(_name_) \
.globl _name_; \
_name_:
/*
* IMPORT
* Make an external name visible, typecheck the size
*/
#define IMPORT(_name_, _size_) \
.extern _name_,_size_
/*
* ABS
* Define an absolute symbol
*/
#define ABS(_name_, _value_) \
.globl _name_; \
_name_ = _value_
/*
* BSS
* Allocate un-initialized space for a global symbol
*/
#define BSS(_name_,_numbytes_) \
.comm _name_,_numbytes_
/*
* VECTOR
* Make an exception entry point look like a called function,
* to make it digestible to the debugger (KERNEL only)
*/
#define VECTOR(_name_, _i_mask_) \
.globl _name_; \
.ent _name_ 0; \
_name_:; \
.mask _i_mask_|IM_EXC,0; \
.frame sp,MSS_SIZE,ra;
/* .livereg _i_mask_|IM_EXC,0 */
/* should have been
.proc _name_,1; \
.frame MSS_SIZE,$31,_i_mask_,0; \
*/
/*
* MSG
* Allocate space for a message (a read-only ascii string)
*/
#define ASCIZ .asciz
#define MSG(msg,reg,label) \
lda reg, label; \
.data; \
label: ASCIZ msg; \
.text;
/*
* PRINTF
* Print a message
*/
#define PRINTF(msg,label) \
MSG(msg,a0,label); \
CALL(printf)
/*
* PANIC
* Fatal error (KERNEL)
*/
#define PANIC(msg,label) \
MSG(msg,a0,label); \
CALL(panic)
/*
* Register mask defines, used to define both save
* and use register sets.
*
* NOTE: The bit order should HAVE BEEN maintained when saving
* registers on the stack: sp goes at the highest
* address, gp lower on the stack, etc etc
* BUT NOONE CARES ABOUT DEBUGGERS AT MIPS
*/
#define IM_EXC 0x80000000
#define IM_SP 0x40000000
#define IM_GP 0x20000000
#define IM_AT 0x10000000
#define IM_T12 0x08000000
# define IM_PV IM_T4
#define IM_RA 0x04000000
#define IM_T11 0x02000000
# define IM_AI IM_T3
#define IM_T10 0x01000000
#define IM_T9 0x00800000
#define IM_T8 0x00400000
#define IM_A5 0x00200000
#define IM_A4 0x00100000
#define IM_A3 0x00080000
#define IM_A2 0x00040000
#define IM_A1 0x00020000
#define IM_A0 0x00010000
#define IM_S6 0x00008000
#define IM_S5 0x00004000
#define IM_S4 0x00002000
#define IM_S3 0x00001000
#define IM_S2 0x00000800
#define IM_S1 0x00000400
#define IM_S0 0x00000200
#define IM_T7 0x00000100
#define IM_T6 0x00000080
#define IM_T5 0x00000040
#define IM_T4 0x00000020
#define IM_T3 0x00000010
#define IM_T2 0x00000008
#define IM_T1 0x00000004
#define IM_T0 0x00000002
#define IM_V0 0x00000001
#define FM_T15 0x40000000
#define FM_T14 0x20000000
#define FM_T13 0x10000000
#define FM_T12 0x08000000
#define FM_T11 0x04000000
#define FM_T10 0x02000000
#define FM_T9 0x01000000
#define FM_T8 0x00800000
#define FM_T7 0x00400000
#define FM_A5 0x00200000
#define FM_A4 0x00100000
#define FM_A3 0x00080000
#define FM_A2 0x00040000
#define FM_A1 0x00020000
#define FM_A0 0x00010000
#define FM_T6 0x00008000
#define FM_T5 0x00004000
#define FM_T4 0x00002000
#define FM_T3 0x00001000
#define FM_T2 0x00000800
#define FM_T1 0x00000400
#define FM_S7 0x00000200
#define FM_S6 0x00000100
#define FM_S5 0x00000080
#define FM_S4 0x00000040
#define FM_S3 0x00000020
#define FM_S2 0x00000010
#define FM_S1 0x00000008
#define FM_S0 0x00000004
#define FM_T0 0x00000002
#define FM_V1 FM_T0
#define FM_V0 0x00000001
/* Pull in PAL "function" codes. */
#include <machine/pal.h>
/*
* System call glue.
*/
#define SYSCALLNUM(name) \
___CONCAT(SYS_,name)
#define CALLSYS_NOERROR(name) \
ldiq v0, SYSCALLNUM(name); \
call_pal PAL_OSF1_callsys
/*
* Load the global pointer.
*/
#define LDGP(reg) \
ldgp gp, 0(reg)
/*
* WEAK_ALIAS: create a weak alias (ELF only).
*/
#define WEAK_ALIAS(alias,sym) \
.weak alias; \
alias = sym
/*
* Kernel RCS ID tag and copyright macros
*/
#ifdef _KERNEL
#if !defined(lint) && !defined(NO_KERNEL_RCSIDS)
#define __KERNEL_RCSID(_n, _s) .ident _s
#else
#define __KERNEL_RCSID(_n, _s) /* nothing */
#endif
#endif /* _KERNEL */
#if !defined(lint) && !defined(STRIP_FBSDID)
#define __FBSDID(s) .ident s
#else
#define __FBSDID(s) /* nothing */
#endif /* not lint and not STRIP_FBSDID */
#endif /* !_MACHINE_ASM_H_ */