FreeBSD-5.3/usr.sbin/mrouted/RELEASE
README-3.9-beta3.mrouted,v 1.1.2.1 1998/03/01 03:00:20 fenner Exp
IP Multicast Extensions for BSD-Derived Unix Systems
Multicast Routing Daemon
Release 3.9-beta3
February 28, 1998
available from parcftp.xerox.com,
file pub/net-research/ipmulti/beta-test/mrouted3.9-beta3.tar.Z
binaries:
pub/net-research/ipmulti/beta-test/mrouted3.9-beta3-sparc-sunos41x.tar.Z
pub/net-research/ipmulti/beta-test/mrouted3.9-beta3-sparc-solaris2.tar.Z
pub/net-research/ipmulti/beta-test/mrouted3.9-beta3-i386-freebsd22.tar.Z
pub/net-research/ipmulti/beta-test/mrouted3.9-beta3-alpha-osf1.tar.Z
pub/net-research/ipmulti/beta-test/mrouted3.9-beta3-sgi-irix6.tar.Z
Note: The 3.9 release is mrouted-only, and will run on top of a 3.5 kernel.
It is a drop-in replacement for mrouted 3.5, 3.6, 3.7 or 3.8.
NOTE WELL: This is a beta-test release of mrouted. The basic
functionality has been extensively tested in CAIRN and other
testbeds, but it is expected to have bugs. Please report bugs to Bill
Fenner <fenner@parc.xerox.com>.
The 3.9-beta3 release fixes the following bugs:
o There was a bug handling routing updates which caused random black
holes.
o There was a race condition in the timer handlers causing free'd memory
to sometimes get touched.
o "allow_nonpruners" wasn't allowed in the configuration file (and almost
nobody noticed! - probably a good sign)
o When a prune times out and the source has been active "recently",
mrouted now waits for further traffic instead of triggering a new
prune.
o mrouted now ignores unreachable routes when making a routing decision
(previously it would blackhole, now it can find a less-specific)
The 3.9-beta3 release has the following new features:
o A "blaster" keyword for mrouted.conf, to turn on handling of routers
(mostly ciscos) which overwhelm the socket buffers by blasting the
whole routing table at once.
o A "notransit" keyword; routes learned on a "notransit" vif will not be
readvertised onto another "notransit" vif.
o The 500kbps default rate limit on tunnels has been removed.
o An ICMP listener which logs ICMP errors which appear to be in response to
tunnel packets that we sent.
o A tunnel traffic encapsulator, which encapsulates control traffic
inside the tunnel instead of unicasting it "beside" the tunnel.
This is turned off by default; use "beside off" to turn it on.
o A "force_leaf" flag to ignore any potential neighbors on a given interface.
=========
3.9-beta2
June 11, 1997
The 3.9-beta2 release fixes the following bugs:
o There was a bug in 3.9-beta1's raw socket buffer processing that
would cause an immediate lockup on startup on some systems.
o RSRR would not clear out the group membership information if
further notification of changes to this route entry was not possible.
There is no need to upgrade to 3.9-beta2 if you are not experiencing
one of the aforementioned bugs.
=========
3.9-beta1
June 6, 1997
The 3.9-beta1 release has the following known bugs:
o The startup message doesn't print properly if you have too many
interfaces.
The 3.9-beta1 release fixes the following bugs:
o mrouted did not properly keep track of subordinates, and would not
time out subordinateness. This caused 2 major problems:
1. pruning did not happen when there were equal-cost paths to
the same multi-access link
2. subordinateness which did not get cancelled by a non-poisoned
route (e.g. in the face of route filtering) did not time out,
causing traffic to continue to flow.
o mrouted's IGMPv2 processing when it is not the querier now
conforms to draft-ietf-idmr-igmp-v2-06.txt Thanks to Lorenzo
VICISANO <L.Vicisano@cs.ucl.ac.uk> for finding a problem.
o mrouted is much more careful about forgetting prunes; 3.8
would forget prunes whenever any route change ocurred.
The 3.9-beta1 release has the following new features:
o Longer prune lifetimes (2 hours) by default. Prune lifetimes may
be configured per-vif, with the "prune_lifetime N" mrouted.conf
configuration file entry (where N is in seconds). This helps to
work around the black holes caused on restart when you have a Cisco
upstream which does not handle genid's; if this is your situation
the recommended value is 300.
o mrouted's behavior of flooding new routes by default at startup
in order to speed healing of paths during startup can be turned off
per-vif or globally with the "noflood" configuration option.
Turning this option off means you are likely to experience
black holes for a minute or two when you restart a router. The
default is to flood for a minute or two until mrouted is able to
learn subordinate relationships.
o mrouted now retransmits prunes by default on point-to-point links.
prune retransmission can be turned on or off per vif via the
"rexmit_prunes [on|off]" mrouted.conf command. Prune retransmission
helps on lossy links, and also helps when a router has forgotten
about a prune (e.g. if it is out of memory and needs to shed state,
or due to a bug).
o The new "passive" mode causes mrouted to not actively send probes
looking for neighbors. This allows a dialup link to become quiescent
if there is no DVMRP neighbor on the other end. Configuring
"passive" on both ends of a link will cause it to never come up.
o mrouted defaults to not peering with DVMRP routers that do not
prune. Use the "allow_nonpruners" mrouted.conf option on a vif
on which you want to allow such peerings.
o mrouted now allows route filtering. mrouted.conf syntax:
accept 13/8
accepts all routes matching 13/8 (e.g. accepts
13.2.116/22). If you want to accept only exactly
13/8, use
accept 13/8 exact
deny 10/8 64/2 130/8 exact 172/8 exact
denies some common MBone martians
Only "accept" or "deny" is allowed, no combinations.
Add "bidir" to apply the filter to output too, otherwise
it's input only.
Expected usage:
- Providers filter routes that customers send them
- Martian removal
- Topology modification (e.g. don't let the existence of
private tunnel foo out into the world).
o mrouted now malloc's the buffer it uses for SIOCGIFCONF, to allow
for more interfaces. Thanks to Danny Mitzel
o mrouted now ignores multiple entries for a single interface
name (temporary hack until mrouted understands interface aliases)
o mrouted's "-d" flag has been modified to accept the names of the
systems which you would like to debug.
packet, prunes, routes, peers, cache, timeout, interface,
membership, traceroute, igmp
o mrouted now times neighbors out fater, and fully detects and
ignores routes from one-way peerings.
o mrouted's route processing has been sped up, especially at startup.
o mrouted uses the biggest SO_RCVBUF the operating system allows
(up to 256Kbytes)
o mrouted uses TOS 0xc0 ("Internet Control") for DVMRP messages.
===========
Release 3.8
November 29, 1995
The 3.8 release fixes the following bugs:
o mrouted would fail to forget prunes when a neighbor went away,
thus potentially sending traffic down a tunnel after the tunnel
endpoint has gone down. This was due to some research code making
it into the "emergency" 3.7 release, sigh.
o mrouted could send prunes with negative lifetimes. This causes
slightly higher prune traffic but shouldn't be any major problem.
===========
Release 3.7
November 28, 1995
The 3.7 release fixes the following bugs:
o mrouted now ignores route reports that include bogus netmasks.
There was a bug in 3.5 that would mangle default routes into
tens of bogus routes; this should prevent that bug from killing
the MBONE.
This solution can cause route flaps and black holes until the
3.5's are gone or all of the 3.5's neighbors are 3.7 .
o mrouted now ignores duplicate routes. Ciscos and the above 3.5
bug could cause two copies of the same route to appear in a single
routing update; mrouted would insert two copies of the same route
into its routing table and wreak all sorts of havoc.
o mrouted now sends a group-specific query for both retransmissions
of a g-s query; previous versions sent a general query the second
time.
o mrouted now loops back multicasted mtrace responses and
group-specific membership queries
o mrouted now performs deterministic tiebreaking between two
neighbors on the same vif.
o mrouted now only does duplicate suppression on traceroute requests,
not all traceroute packets, so that a loop can be nicely detected
via a duplicate router instead of just a timeout.
o the buffer size that mrouted uses has been increased to allow
more than 16 hops in mtrace messages.
o mtrace's hop-by-hop termination is now more likely to be correct.
o mrinfo now waits for the responses to its retransmitted queries.
The 3.7 release has the following new features:
o The configuration file can accept a hostname as the other end
of a tunnel. There must be a single name->ip mapping for the
given name, however, or mrouted will fail to start up.
o mrinfo now sends requests to all interfaces of a multihomed host.
o mtrace's passive mode has been implemented.
o The first screen of mtrace statistics is shorter and more likely
to fit on one screen.
===========
Release 3.6
June 26, 1995
The 3.6 release fixes the following bugs:
o mrouted would dump core when attempting to report no routes (i.e. upon
startup, if you have no enabled phyint's)
o mrouted would dump core if requested to traceroute a source for which it
had no route
o neighbor flags were not always properly updated on probe or report
o mrouted would sometimes reply to a multicast traceroute on a disabled
phyint; now it uses the first configured phyint to reply to traceroutes.
o host routes (i.e. netmask 0xffffffff) works now; it was discarding
IGMP from the host because it was coming from the "broadcast address"
of the subnet.
o send_igmp() now treats the failure to send an mtrace or a neighbor
reply as informational, as opposed to warning.
o mrouted would go into an infinite loop trying to respond to a traceroute
for a source with a netmask of 0xffffffff.
o vifs_with_neighbors was not being reset if the mrouted was restarted
with SIGHUP
o the default route was not being properly advertised to neighbors (although
it was accepted if it was advertised to it)
o ANSI-fication for those who it helps, still-K&R-ish for those it doesn't.
o mtrace now attempts to trace three hops past a non-responding router,
in the hopes that it does support traceroute but just couldn't respond
(i.e. unicast didn't work and it can't source multicast because all its
phyints are disabled).
o mrinfo now times out even on a multicast router.
===========
Release 3.5
May 8, 1995
The 3.5 release has the following new features:
o The kernel and mrouted make sure that each is the correct version, to
prevent problems with mismatched kernel/mrouted versions. A too-old
mrouted will die with the error:
can't enable DVMRP routing in kernel: Option not supported by protocol
o mrouted can accept and propogate a default route (essential for
heirarchical multicast routing)
o Kernel route cache keeps source-specific routes instead of subnet routes,
eliminating hashing and longest-match problems.
(allows classless routing, longest-match and default routing)
o Cached kernel routes only get deleted if no traffic is flowing, to
facilitate multicast traceroute
o mrouted has a new configuration file parser, which provides better error
messages than before, and allows named boundaries (see man page)
o added "netmask" to phyint configuration, at the suggestion of
Anders Klemets
o System V and FreeBSD compatibility from John Brezak <brezak@ch.hp.com>
o phyint's can have additional subnets configured, for people with
multiple subnets on one physical network. mrouted.conf syntax is
altnet 1.2.3.0, or altnet 1.2.3.0/24 if you need to specify
a different netmask. There can be as many altnet statements
as you need.
o both mrouted and the kernel now support classless addresses.
o the kernel supports PIM assert processing by notifying the router
when a packet arrives on the wrong interface
o the kernel keeps additional counters, and mrouted can be compiled to
support SNMP and the Multicast MIB
o the packet classifier in the kernel now uses the following udp port
ranges:
[0, 16384) - lowest priority, unclassified
[16384, 32768) - highest priority, i.e. audio
[32768, 49152) - medium priority, i.e. whiteboard
[49152, 65536) - low priority, i.e. video
A future release of a session directory will allocate ports in these
ranges.
o the configuration code has been modified to default tunnels' rate_limit
parameters to 500kbps. This is easily modified with a rate_limit keyword
in mrouted.conf, but should be a good default for the MBONE in general.
o The tunnel sending code now caches a route for ip_output(), this should
help performance on machines with lots of tunnels.
o Dispatching for de-capsulating packets is now via protosw[], making
reception of other raw protocols more efficient
o Neighbor capabilities are discovered via a bitmask as opposed to
version number.
o Multicast traceroute code improved
o mrouted can be compiled with Routing Support for Resource Reservation
(RSRR), required for RSVP.
The 3.5 release fixes the following bugs:
o The IGMPv2 query timeout field was interpreted as being in units of
200ms as opposed to 100ms, thus the maximum timeout was set to twice
the expected value. This is not fatal, as mrouted always queries
twice in the expectation that a packet could get loss, but it does
make it less robust in the face of packet loss.
o IGMP could report membership in local-only groups (i.e. 224.0.0.X)
o IGMP could get confused by hearing its own new membership reports, thus
a router would never perform fast leave.
o IGMP could reset timers for the wrong interface.
o mrouted put a bogus value in the maximum timeout field of IGMPv2 query
packets.
o Non-querier mrouters would respond to IGMP leave messages
o mrouted was not performing fast leave properly
o If the last member goes away on a transit network, the upstream router
would stop forwarding even if there are downstream members.
o Kernel hash function improved
o Eliminated possibility of panic(): timeout in cache maintenance
o Reordered resource allocation when sending upcall to handle failure properly
o some endian-ness bugs squashed in mrouted, probably more to go.
o Multicast traceroute could send a reply on a disabled interface.
This release consists of the following files:
README-3.8.mrouted - this file
mrouted/* - version 3.8 of mrouted,
mrinfo, map-mbone and
mtrace.
ifconfig/* - Changes to ifconfig to
show multicast interfaces
netstat/* - Diffs to netstat
ping/* - sources for ping
which support
multicasting
mtest/* - utility for testing
multicast group
membership
MROUTED 3.8
Mrouted 3.8 has two optional features: SNMP and RSRR. RSRR support
is required for running RSVP; the SNMP code, with the help of the
ISODE snmpd, implements both the Multicast MIB and the DVMRP MIB.
RSRR
----
Routing Support for Resource Reservations (RSRR) was contributed by
Daniel Zappala <daniel@isi.edu>.
To enable RSRR support, uncomment the three lines starting with
RSRR near the top of the Makefile and "make clean; make". Or use
the prebuilt binary, mrouted.rsrr .
RSRR allows RSVP to query mrouted for its routing entry for a particular
source-group pair. Using the routing entry and the IP_MULTICAST_VIF
socket call, RSVP can forward distinct control messages out each
outgoing interface. This version of mrouted supports RSRR messages
using a Unix datagram socket.
RSRR currently includes two pairs of query-reply messages. RSVP sends
an Initial Query when it starts. Mrouted responds with an Initial Reply
that includes the set of vifs it is using, flagging those that are
administratively disabled. When RSVP needs the routing entry for a
source-group pair, it sends a Route Query. Mrouted responds with a
Route Reply that includes the incoming vif and outgoing vifs for the
source-group pair.
RSVP may request route change notification by setting the notification
bit in the Route Query. If mrouted can provide route change
notification for the source-group pair, it sets the notification bit in
its Route Reply. When the routing entry for the source-group pair
changes, mrouted sends an unsolicited Route Reply containing the new
routing information. The initial release of mrouted 3.5 did not support
route change notification and always returned a Route Reply with the
notification bit cleared. This release of mrouted provides route change
notification when possible.
SNMP
----
SNMP support was contributed by David Thaler <thalerd@eecs.umich.edu>.
To enable SNMP support, uncomment the six lines near the top of
the Makefile below the description of SNMP support, or use the
prebuilt binary, mrouted.snmp or mrouted.rsrr.snmp .
To link the SNMP-capable mrouted, you need the CMU libraries.
See http://nic.merit.edu/~mbone/ for a full mrouted-snmp distribution.
Make sure to add the "sysName", "sysContact", "sysVersion" and
"sysLocation" variables to your /etc/mrouted.conf if you want them
to provide anything other than default values.
Example:
sysName "tibia"
sysContact "Bill Fenner <fenner@parc.xerox.com> +1 415 812-4816"
sysVersion "SunOS 4.1.3 and mrouted 3.8"
sysLocation "MAXC room, PARC building 35"
The SNMP version of mrouted has an additional command line flag:
-P snmp_port
Specifies a port for SNMP communication (default 161). This option
should be used when another SNMP daemon already exists. The
preferred alternate port in this case is port 9161.
The mstat(8) program allows querying of statistics using SNMP.