Minix1.5/commands/ibm/fdisk.c
/* fdisk - partition a hard disk Author: Jakob Schripsema */
/* Before running this, use DOS FDISK to put the boot code in sector 0.
* Run this with:
*
* fdisk [-hheads] [-ssectors] [device]
*
* e.g.,
*
* fdisk (to get the default)
* fdisk -h4 -s17 /dev/hd0 (MINIX default)
* fdisk -h4 -s17 c: (DOS default)
* fdisk -h6 -s25 /dev/hd5 (second drive, probably RLL)
* fdisk junkfile (to expermiment safely)
*
* The device is opened in read-only mode if the file permissions do not
* permit read-write mode, so it is convenient to use a login account with
* only read permission to look at the partition table safely.
*
* Compile with:
*
* cc -i -o fdisk fdisk.c (MINIX)
* cl -DDOS fdisk.c (DOS with MS C compiler)
*
* This was modified extensively by Bruce Evans 28 Dec 89.
* The new version has not been tried with DOS. The open modes are suspect
* (everyone should convert to use fcntl.h).
*/
#include <minix/partition.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#ifdef DOS
#include <dos.h>
#define DEFAULT_DEV "c:"
#define LOAD_OPEN_MODE 0x8000
#define SAVE_CREAT_MODE 0644
#else
#define DEFAULT_DEV "/dev/hd0"
#define LOAD_OPEN_MODE 0
#define SAVE_CREAT_MODE 0644
#define UNIX /* for MINIX */
#endif
/* Constants */
#define DEFAULT_NHEAD 4 /* # heads */
#define DEFAULT_NSEC 17 /* sectors / track */
#define SECSIZE 512 /* sector size */
#define OK 0
#define ERR 1
#define CYL_MASK 0xc0 /* mask to extract cyl bits from sec field */
#define CYL_SHIFT 2 /* shift to extract cyl bits from sec field */
#define SEC_MASK 0x3f /* mask to extract sec bits from sec field */
/* Globals */
char secbuf[SECSIZE];
int badbases;
int badsizes;
int badorders;
char *devname;
int nhead;
int nsec;
int readonly;
static void adj_base();
static void adj_size();
static struct part_entry *ask_partition();
static int chk_table();
static void footnotes();
static int get_an_int();
static void list_part_types();
static void mark_npartition();
static int mygets();
static char *systype();
static void toggle_active();
static void usage();
main(argc, argv)
int argc;
char *argv[];
{
int argn;
char *argp;
int ch;
/* Init */
nhead = DEFAULT_NHEAD;
nsec = DEFAULT_NSEC;
for (argn = 1; argn < argc && (argp = argv[argn])[0] == '-'; ++argn) {
if (argp[1] == 'h')
nhead = atoi(argp + 2);
else
if (argp[1] == 's') nsec = atoi(argp + 2);
else
usage();
}
if (argn == argc)
devname = DEFAULT_DEV;
else if (argn == argc - 1)
devname = argv[argn];
else
usage();
getboot(secbuf);
chk_table();
do {
putchar('\n');
dpl_partitions(0);
printf(
"\n(Enter 'h' for help. A null line will abort any operation) ");
ch = get_a_char();
putchar('\n');
switch (ch) {
case '+': footnotes(); break;
case 'a': toggle_active(ask_partition()); break;
case 'B': adj_base(ask_partition()); break;
case 'c': change_partition(ask_partition()); break;
case 'h': print_menu(); break;
case 'l': load_from_file(); break;
case 'm': mark_partition(ask_partition()); break;
case 'n': mark_npartition(ask_partition()); break;
case 'p': dpl_partitions(1); break;
case 0:
case 'q': exit(0);
case 'S': adj_size(ask_partition()); break;
case 's': save_to_file(); break;
case 't': list_part_types(); break;
case 'v':
printf("Partition table is %svalid\n",
chk_table() == OK ? "" : "in");
break;
case 'w':
if (readonly)
printf("Write disabled\n");
else if(chk_table() == OK) {
putboot(secbuf);
printf(
"Partition table has been updated and the file system synced.\n");
printf("Please reboot now.\n");
exit(0);
} else
printf("Not written\n");
break;
default: printf(" %c ????\n", ch); break;
}
}
while (1);
}
#ifdef UNIX
static int devfd;
getboot(buffer)
char *buffer;
{
devfd = open(devname, 2);
if (devfd < 0) {
printf("No write permission on %s\n", devname);
readonly = 1;
devfd = open(devname, 0);
}
if (devfd < 0) {
printf("Cannot open device %s\n", devname);
exit(1);
}
if (read(devfd, buffer, SECSIZE) != SECSIZE) {
printf("Cannot read boot sector\n");
exit(1);
}
}
putboot(buffer)
char *buffer;
{
if (lseek(devfd, 0L, 0) < 0) {
printf("Seek error during write\n");
exit(1);
}
if (write(devfd, buffer, SECSIZE) != SECSIZE) {
printf("Write error\n");
exit(1);
}
sync();
}
#endif
load_from_file()
{
/* Load buffer from file */
char file[80];
int fd;
printf("Enter name of file to load from: ");
if (!mygets(file, (int) sizeof file)) return;
fd = open(file, LOAD_OPEN_MODE);
if (fd < 0) {
printf("Cannot open %s\n", file);
return;
}
if (read(fd, secbuf, SECSIZE) != SECSIZE || close(fd) != 0) {
printf("Read error\n");
exit(1);
}
printf("Loaded from %s OK\n", file);
chk_table();
}
save_to_file()
{
/* Save to file */
char file[80];
int fd;
printf("Enter name of file to save to: ");
if (!mygets(file, (int) sizeof file)) return;
if(chk_table() != OK) printf("Saving anyway\n");
fd = creat(file, SAVE_CREAT_MODE);
#ifdef DOS
if (fd < 0) {
printf("Cannot creat %s\n", file);
return;
}
close(fd);
fd = open(file, 0x8001);
#endif
if (fd < 0)
printf("Cannot open %s\n", file);
else if (write(fd, secbuf, SECSIZE) != SECSIZE || close(fd) != 0)
printf("Write error\n");
else
printf("Saved to %s OK\n", file);
}
dpl_partitions(rawflag)
int rawflag;
{
/* Display partition table */
char active[5];
char basefootnote;
int cyl_mask;
int devnum;
char *format;
int i;
int i1;
char orderfootnote;
struct part_entry *pe;
struct part_entry *pe1;
int sec_mask;
char sizefootnote;
char type[8];
badbases = 0;
badsizes = 0;
badorders = 0;
if (rawflag) {
cyl_mask = 0; /* no contribution of cyl to sec */
sec_mask = 0xff;
format =
"%2d %3d%c %4s %-7s x%02x %3d x%02x x%02x %3d x%02x %7ld%c%7ld %7ld%c\n";
} else {
cyl_mask = CYL_MASK;
sec_mask = SEC_MASK;
format =
"%2d %3d%c %4s %-7s %4d %3d %3d %4d %3d %3d %7ld%c%7ld %7ld%c\n";
}
printf(
" ----first---- -----last---- --------sectors-------\n"
);
printf(
"Num Sorted Active Type Cyl Head Sec Cyl Head Sec Base Last Size\n"
);
pe = (struct part_entry *) &secbuf[PART_TABLE_OFF];
for (i = 1; i <= NR_PARTITIONS; i++, pe++) {
if (rawflag) {
sprintf(active, "0x%02x", pe->bootind);
sprintf(type, "0x%02x", pe->sysind);
} else {
sprintf(active, "%s", pe->bootind == ACTIVE_FLAG ? "A " : "");
sprintf(type, "%s", systype(pe->sysind));
}
/* Prepare warnings about confusing setups from old versions. */
basefootnote = orderfootnote = sizefootnote = ' ';
if (pe->sysind == MINIX_PART && pe->lowsec & 1) {
basefootnote = '+';
++badbases;
}
if (pe->size & 1) {
sizefootnote = '-';
++badsizes;
}
/* Calculate the "device numbers" resulting from the misguided sorting
* in the wini drivers. The drivers use this conditional for
* swapping wn[j] > wn[j+1]:
*
* if ((wn[j].wn_low == 0 && wn[j+1].wn_low != 0) ||
* (wn[j].wn_low > wn[j+1].wn_low && wn[j+1].wn_low != 0)) {
*
* which simplifies to:
*
* if (wn[j+1].wn_low != 0 &&
* (wn[j].wn_low == 0 || wn[j].wn_low > wn[j+1].wn_low)) {
*/
devnum = 1;
for (i1 = 1, pe1 = (struct part_entry *) &secbuf[PART_TABLE_OFF];
i1 <= NR_PARTITIONS; ++i1, ++pe1)
if (pe1->lowsec == 0 && pe->lowsec == 0 && pe1 < pe ||
pe1->lowsec != 0 &&
(pe->lowsec == 0 || pe->lowsec > pe1->lowsec))
++devnum; /* pe1 contents < pe contents */
if (devnum != i) {
orderfootnote = '#';
++badorders;
}
printf(format,
i,
devnum,
orderfootnote,
active,
type,
pe->start_cyl + ((pe->start_sec & cyl_mask) << CYL_SHIFT),
pe->start_head,
pe->start_sec & sec_mask,
pe->last_cyl + ((pe->last_sec & cyl_mask) << CYL_SHIFT),
pe->last_head,
pe->last_sec & sec_mask,
pe->lowsec,
basefootnote,
pe->lowsec + (pe->size == 0 ? 0 : pe->size - 1),
pe->size,
sizefootnote);
}
}
static int chk_table()
{
/* Check partition table */
int active;
unsigned char cylinder;
unsigned char head;
int i;
int i1;
int maxhead;
int maxsec;
struct part_entry *pe;
struct part_entry *pe1;
unsigned char sector;
int seenpart;
int status;
active = 0;
maxhead = 0;
maxsec = 0;
pe = (struct part_entry *) &secbuf[PART_TABLE_OFF];
seenpart = 0;
status = OK;
for (i = 1; i <= NR_PARTITIONS; i++, ++pe) {
if (pe->bootind == ACTIVE_FLAG) active++;
sec_to_hst(pe->lowsec, &head, §or, &cylinder);
if (pe->size == 0 && pe->lowsec == 0) sector = 0;
if (head != pe->start_head || sector != pe->start_sec ||
cylinder != pe->start_cyl) {
printf("Inconsistent base in partition %d.\n", i);
printf("Suspect head and sector parameters.\n");
status = ERR;
}
if (pe->size != 0 || pe->lowsec != 0)
sec_to_hst(pe->lowsec + pe->size - 1, &head, §or, &cylinder);
if (head != pe->last_head || sector != pe->last_sec ||
cylinder != pe->last_cyl) {
printf("Inconsistent size in partition %d.\n", i);
printf("Suspect head and sector parameters.\n");
status = ERR;
}
if (pe->size == 0) continue;
seenpart = 1;
for (i1 = i + 1, pe1 = pe + 1; i1 <= NR_PARTITIONS; ++i1, ++pe1) {
if (pe->lowsec >= pe1->lowsec &&
pe->lowsec < pe1->lowsec + pe1->size ||
pe->lowsec + pe->size - 1 >= pe1->lowsec &&
pe->lowsec + pe->size - 1 < pe1->lowsec + pe1->size)
{
printf("Overlap between partitions %d and %d\n",
i, i1);
status = ERR;
}
}
if (pe->lowsec + pe->size < pe->lowsec) {
printf("Overflow from preposterous size in partition %d.\n",
i);
status = ERR;
}
if (maxhead < pe->start_head) maxhead = pe->start_head;
if (maxhead < pe->last_head) maxhead = pe->last_head;
if (maxsec < (pe->start_sec & SEC_MASK))
maxsec = (pe->start_sec & SEC_MASK);
if (maxsec < (pe->last_sec & SEC_MASK))
maxsec = (pe->last_sec & SEC_MASK);
}
if (seenpart) {
if (maxhead + 1 != nhead || maxsec != nsec) {
printf(
"Disk appears to have mis-specified number of heads or sectors.\n");
printf("Try fdisk -h%d -s%d %s instead of\n",
maxhead + 1, maxsec, devname);
printf(" fdisk -h%d -s%d %s\n", nhead, nsec, devname);
seenpart = 0;
}
} else {
printf(
"Empty table - skipping test on number of heads and sectors.\n");
printf("Assuming %d heads and %d sectors.\n", nhead, nsec);
}
if (!seenpart) printf("Do not write the table if you are not sure!.\n");
if (active > 1) {
printf("%d active partitions\n", active);
status = ERR;
}
return(status);
}
sec_to_hst(logsec, hd, sec, cyl)
long logsec;
unsigned char *hd, *sec, *cyl;
{
/* Convert a logical sector number to head / sector / cylinder */
int bigcyl;
bigcyl = logsec / (nhead * nsec);
*sec = (logsec % nsec) + 1 + ((bigcyl >> CYL_SHIFT) & CYL_MASK);
*cyl = bigcyl;
*hd = (logsec % (nhead * nsec)) / nsec;
}
mark_partition(pe)
struct part_entry *pe;
{
/* Mark a partition as being of type MINIX. */
if (pe != NULL) {
pe->sysind = MINIX_PART;
printf("Partition type is now MINIX\n");
}
}
change_partition(entry)
struct part_entry *entry;
{
/* Get partition info : first & last cylinder */
int first, last;
long low, high;
int ch;
if (entry == NULL) return;
while (1) {
if (!get_an_int("\tEnter first cylinder (an integer >= 0): ", &first))
return;
if (first >= 0) break;
printf("\t\tThat looks like %d which is negative\n", first);
}
while (1) {
if (!get_an_int(
"\tEnter last cylinder (an integer >= the first cylinder): ", &last))
return;
if (last >= first) break;
printf("\t\tThat looks like %d which is too small\n", last);
}
if (first == 0 && last == 0) {
entry->bootind = 0;
entry->start_head = 0;
entry->start_sec = 0;
entry->start_cyl = 0;
entry->sysind = NO_PART;
entry->last_head = 0;
entry->last_sec = 0;
entry->last_cyl = 0;
entry->lowsec = 0;
entry->size = 0;
printf("Partition deleted\n");
return;
}
low = first & 0xffff;
low = low * nsec * nhead;
if (low == 0) low = 1; /* sec0 is master boot record */
high = last & 0xffff;
high = (high + 1) * nsec * nhead - 1;
entry->lowsec = low;
entry->size = high - low + 1;
if (entry->size & 1) {
/* Adjust size to even since Minix works with blocks of 2 sectors. */
--high;
--entry->size;
printf("Size reduced by 1 to make it even\n");
}
sec_to_hst(low, &entry->start_head, &entry->start_sec, &entry->start_cyl);
sec_to_hst(high, &entry->last_head, &entry->last_sec, &entry->last_cyl);
printf("Base of partition changed to %ld, size changed to %ld\n",
entry->lowsec, entry->size);
/* Accept the MINIX partition type. Usually ignore foreign types, so this
* fdisk can be used on foreign partitions. Don't allow NO_PART, because
* many DOS fdisks crash on it.
*/
if (entry->sysind == NO_PART) {
entry->sysind = MINIX_PART;
printf("Partition type changed from None to MINIX\n");
} else if (entry->sysind == MINIX_PART)
printf("Leaving partition type as MINIX\n");
else while (1) {
printf("\tChange partition type from %s to MINIX? (y/n) ",
systype(entry->sysind));
ch = get_a_char();
if (ch == 0 || ch == 'n') {
printf("Leaving partition type as %s\n",
systype(entry->sysind));
break;
} else if (ch == 'y') {
entry->sysind = MINIX_PART;
printf("Partition type changed from %s to MINIX\n",
systype(entry->sysind));
break;
}
}
if (entry->bootind == ACTIVE_FLAG)
printf("Leaving partition active\n");
else while (1) {
printf("\tChange partition to active? (y/n) ");
ch = get_a_char();
if (ch == 0 || ch == 'n') {
printf("Leaving partition inactive\n");
break;
} else if (ch == 'y') {
toggle_active();
break;
}
}
}
get_a_char()
{
/* Read 1 character and discard rest of line */
char buf[80];
int ch;
if (!mygets(buf, (int) sizeof buf)) return(0);
return(*buf);
}
print_menu()
{
printf("Type a command letter, then a carriage return:\n");
printf(" + - explain any footnotes (+, -, #)\n");
printf(" a - toggle an active flag\n");
printf(" B - adjust a base sector\n");
printf(" c - change a partition\n");
printf(" l - load boot block (including partition table) from a file\n");
printf(" m - mark a partition as a MINIX partition\n");
printf(" n - mark a partition as a non-MINIX partition\n");
printf(" p - print raw partition table\n");
printf(" q - quit without making any changes\n");
printf(" S - adjust a size (by changing the last sector)\n");
printf(" s - save boot block (including partition table) on a file\n");
printf(" t - print known partition types\n");
printf(" v - verify partition table\n");
if (readonly)
printf(" w - write (disabled)\n");
else
printf(" w - write changed partition table back to disk and exit\n");
}
/* Here are the DOS routines for reading and writing the boot sector. */
#ifdef DOS
union REGS regs;
struct SREGS sregs;
int drivenum;
getboot(buffer)
char *buffer;
{
/* Read boot sector */
segread(&sregs); /* get ds */
if (devname[1] != ':') {
printf("Invalid drive %s\n", devname);
exit(1);
}
if (*devname >= 'a') *devname += 'A' - 'a';
drivenum = (*devname - 'C') & 0xff;
if (drivenum < 0 || drivenum > 7) {
printf("Funny drive number %d\n", drivenum);
exit(1);
}
regs.x.ax = 0x201; /* read 1 sectors */
regs.h.ch = 0; /* cylinder */
regs.h.cl = 1; /* first sector = 1 */
regs.h.dh = 0; /* head = 0 */
regs.h.dl = 0x80 + drivenum; /* drive = 0 */
sregs.es = sregs.ds; /* buffer address */
regs.x.bx = (int) buffer;
int86x(0x13, ®s, ®s, &sregs);
if (regs.x.cflag) {
printf("Cannot read boot sector\n");
exit(1);
}
}
putboot(buffer)
char *buffer;
{
/* Write boot sector */
regs.x.ax = 0x301; /* read 1 sectors */
regs.h.ch = 0; /* cylinder */
regs.h.cl = 1; /* first sector = 1 */
regs.h.dh = 0; /* head = 0 */
regs.h.dl = 0x80 + drivenum; /* drive = 0 */
sregs.es = sregs.ds; /* buffer address */
regs.x.bx = (int) buffer;
int86x(0x13, ®s, ®s, &sregs);
if (regs.x.cflag) {
printf("Cannot write boot sector\n");
exit(1);
}
}
#endif
static void adj_base(pe)
struct part_entry *pe;
{
/* Adjust base sector of partition, usually to make it even. */
int adj;
if (pe == NULL) return;
while (1) {
if (!get_an_int("\tEnter adjustment to base (an integer): ", &adj))
return;
if (pe->lowsec + adj < 1)
printf(
"\t\tThat would make the base %d and too small\n", pe->lowsec + adj);
else if (pe->size - adj < 1)
printf(
"\t\tThat would make the size %d and too small\n", pe->size - adj);
else
break;
}
pe->lowsec += adj;
pe->size -= adj;
sec_to_hst(pe->lowsec, &pe->start_head, &pe->start_sec, &pe->start_cyl);
printf("Base of partition adjusted to %ld, size adjusted to %ld\n",
pe->lowsec, pe->size);
}
static void adj_size(pe)
struct part_entry *pe;
{
/* Adjust size of partition by reducing high sector. */
int adj;
if (pe == NULL) return;
while (1) {
if (!get_an_int("\tEnter adjustment to size (an integer): ", &adj))
return;
if (pe->size + adj >= 1) break;
printf("\t\tThat would make the size %d and too small \n",
pe->size + adj);
}
pe->size += adj;
sec_to_hst(pe->lowsec + pe->size - 1,
&pe->last_head, &pe->last_sec, &pe->last_cyl);
printf("Size of partition adjusted to %ld\n", pe->size);
}
static struct part_entry *ask_partition()
{
/* Ask for a valid partition number and return its entry. */
int num;
while (1) {
if (!get_an_int("Enter partition number (1 to 4): ", &num))
return(NULL);
if (num >= 1 && num <= NR_PARTITIONS) break;
printf("\tThat does not look like 1 to 4\n");
}
printf("Partition %d\n", num);
return((struct part_entry *) &secbuf[PART_TABLE_OFF] + (num - 1));
}
static void footnotes()
{
/* Explain the footnotes. */
if (badbases != 0) {
printf(
"+ The old Minix wini drivers (before V1.5) discarded odd base sectors.\n");
printf(
" This causes some old (Minix) file systems to be offset by 1 sector.\n");
printf(
" To use these with the new drivers, increase the base by 1 using 'B'.\n");
}
if (badsizes != 0) {
if (badbases != 0) putchar('\n');
printf(
"- Minix cannot access the last sector on an odd-sized partition. This\n");
printf(
" causes trouble for programs like dosread. This program will by default\n");
printf(
" only create partitions with even sizes. If possible, the current odd\n");
printf(
" sizes should be decreased by 1 using 'S'. This is safe for all Minix\n");
printf(
" partitions, and may be safe for other partitions which are about to be\n");
printf(
" reformatted.\n");
}
if (badorders!= 0 ) {
if (badbases != 0 || badsizes != 0) putchar('\n');
printf(
"# The partitions are in a funny order. This is normal if they were created\n");
printf(
" by DOS fdisks prior to DOS 3.3. The Minix wini drivers further confuse\n");
printf(
" the order by sorting the partitions on their base. Be careful if the\n");
printf(
" device numbers of unchanged partitions have changed.\n");
}
}
static int get_an_int(prompt, intptr)
char *prompt;
int *intptr;
{
/* Read an int from the start of line of stdin, discard rest of line. */
char buf[80];
while (1) {
printf("%s", prompt);
if (!mygets(buf, (int) sizeof buf)) return(0);
if ((sscanf(buf, "%d", intptr)) == 1) return(1);
printf("\t\tThat does not look like an integer\n");
}
}
static void list_part_types()
{
/* Print all known partition types. */
int column;
int type;
for (column = 0, type = 0; type < 0x100; ++type)
if (strcmp(systype(type), "Unknown") != 0) {
printf("0x%02x: %-9s", type, systype(type));
column += 16;
if (column < 80)
putchar(' ');
else {
putchar('\n');
column = 0;
}
}
if (column != 0) putchar('\n');
}
static void mark_npartition(pe)
struct part_entry *pe;
{
/* Mark a partition with arbitrary type. */
char buf[80];
unsigned type;
if (pe == NULL) return;
printf("\nKnown partition types are:\n\n");
list_part_types();
while (1) {
printf("\nEnter partition type (in 2-digit hex): ");
if (!mygets(buf, (int) sizeof buf)) return;
if (sscanf(buf, "%x", &type) != 1)
printf("Invalid hex number\n");
else if (type >= 0x100)
printf("Hex number too large\n");
else
break;
}
pe->sysind = type;
printf("Partition type changed to 0x%02x (%s)\n", type, systype(type));
}
static int mygets(buf, length)
char *buf;
int length; /* as for fgets(), but must be >= 2 */
{
/* Get a non-empty line of maximum length 'length'. */
while (1) {
fflush(stdout);
if (fgets(buf, length, stdin) == NULL) {
putchar('\n');
return(0);
}
if (strrchr(buf, '\n') != NULL) *strrchr(buf, '\n') = 0;
if (*buf != 0) return(1);
printf("Use the EOF character to create a null line.\n");
printf("Otherwise, please type something before the newline: ");
}
}
static char *systype(type)
int type;
{
/* Convert system indicator into system name. */
switch(type) {
case NO_PART: return("None");
case 1: return("DOS-12");
case 2: return("XENIX");
case 3: return("XNX-OLD");
case 4: return("DOS-16");
case 5: return("DOS-EXT");
case 6: return("DOS-BIG");
case 8: return("AIX");
case 10: return("OPUS");
case 0x51: return("NOVELL?");
case 0x52: return("CPM?");
case 0x63: return("386/IX");
case 0x64: return("NOVELL");
case 0x75: return("PCIX");
case MINIX_PART: return("MINIX");
case OLD_MINIX_PART: return("MNX-OLD");
case 0xDB: return("CPM");
case 0xFF: return("BADBLKS");
default: return("Unknown");
}
}
static void toggle_active(pe)
struct part_entry *pe;
{
/* Toggle active flag of a partition. */
if (pe == NULL) return;
pe->bootind = (pe->bootind == ACTIVE_FLAG) ? 0 : ACTIVE_FLAG;
printf("Partition changed to %sactive\n", pe->bootind ? "" : "in");
}
static void usage()
{
/* Print usage message and exit. */
printf("Usage: fdisk [-hheads] [-ssectors] [device]\n");
exit(1);
}