Minix2.0/src/commands/ibm/format.c
/* format 1.1 - format PC floppy disk Author: Kees J. Bot
* 5 Mar 1994
*/
#define nil 0
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <ibm/diskparm.h>
#include <minix/minlib.h>
/* Constants. */
#define SECTOR_SIZE 512
#define NR_HEADS 2
#define MAX_SECTORS 18 /* 1.44Mb is the largest. */
/* Name error in <ibm/diskparm.h>, left over from the days floppies were
* single sided.
*/
#define sectors_per_track sectors_per_cylinder
/* From floppy device number to drive/type/format-bit and back. See fd(4). */
#define isfloppy(dev) (((dev) & 0xFF00) == 0x0200)
#define fl_drive(dev) (((dev) & 0x0003) >> 0)
#define fl_type(dev) (((dev) & 0x007C) >> 2)
#define fl_format(dev) (((dev) & 0x0080) >> 7)
#define fl_makedev(drive, type, fmt) \
((dev_t) (0x0200 | ((fmt) << 7) | ((type) << 2) | ((drive) << 0)))
/* Recognize floppy types. */
#define NR_TYPES 7 /* # non-auto types */
#define isflauto(type) ((type) == 0)
#define isfltyped(type) ((unsigned) ((type) - 1) < NR_TYPES)
#define isflpart(type) ((unsigned) (type) >= 28)
/* Formatting parameters per type. (Most of these parameters have no use
* for formatting, disk_parameter_s probably matches a BIOS parameter table.)
*/
typedef struct disk_parameter_s fmt_params_t;
typedef struct type_parameters {
unsigned media_size;
unsigned drive_size;
fmt_params_t fmt_params;
} type_parameters_t;
#define DC 0 /* Don't care. */
type_parameters_t parameters[NR_TYPES] = {
/* mediasize s1 off sec/cyl dlen fill start */
/* drivesize s2 sizecode gap fmtgap settle */
/* pc */ { 360, 360, { DC, DC, DC, 2, 9, DC, DC, 0x50, 0xF6, DC, DC }},
/* at */ { 1200, 1200, { DC, DC, DC, 2, 15, DC, DC, 0x54, 0xF6, DC, DC }},
/* qd */ { 360, 720, { DC, DC, DC, 2, 9, DC, DC, 0x50, 0xF6, DC, DC }},
/* ps */ { 720, 720, { DC, DC, DC, 2, 9, DC, DC, 0x50, 0xF6, DC, DC }},
/* pat */{ 360, 1200, { DC, DC, DC, 2, 9, DC, DC, 0x50, 0xF6, DC, DC }},
/* qh */ { 720, 1200, { DC, DC, DC, 2, 9, DC, DC, 0x50, 0xF6, DC, DC }},
/* PS */ { 1440, 1440, { DC, DC, DC, 2, 18, DC, DC, 0x54, 0xF6, DC, DC }},
};
/* Per sector ID to be sent to the controller by the driver. */
typedef struct sector_id {
unsigned char cyl;
unsigned char head;
unsigned char sector;
unsigned char sector_size_code;
} sector_id_t;
/* Data to be "written" to the driver to format a track. (lseek to the track
* first.) The first sector contains sector ID's, the second format params.
*/
typedef struct track_data {
sector_id_t sec_ids[SECTOR_SIZE / sizeof(sector_id_t)];
fmt_params_t fmt_params;
char padding[SECTOR_SIZE - sizeof(fmt_params_t)];
} track_data_t;
void report(const char *label)
{
fprintf(stderr, "format: %s: %s\n", label, strerror(errno));
}
void fatal(const char *label)
{
report(label);
exit(1);
}
void format_track(int ffd, unsigned type, unsigned cyl, unsigned head)
/* Format a single track on a floppy. */
{
type_parameters_t *tparams= ¶meters[type - 1];
track_data_t track_data;
off_t track_pos;
unsigned sector;
unsigned nr_sectors= tparams->fmt_params.sectors_per_track;
sector_id_t *sid;
memset(&track_data, 0, sizeof(track_data));
/* Set the sector id's. (Note that sectors count from 1.) */
for (sector= 0; sector <= nr_sectors; sector++) {
sid= &track_data.sec_ids[sector];
sid->cyl= cyl;
sid->head= head;
sid->sector= sector + 1;
sid->sector_size_code= tparams->fmt_params.sector_size_code;
}
/* Format parameters. */
track_data.fmt_params= tparams->fmt_params;
/* Seek to the right track. */
track_pos= (off_t) (cyl * NR_HEADS + head) * nr_sectors * SECTOR_SIZE;
if (lseek(ffd, track_pos, SEEK_SET) == -1) {
fprintf(stderr,
"format: seeking to cyl %u, head %u (pos %ld) failed: %s\n",
cyl, head, track_pos, strerror(errno));
exit(1);
}
/* Format track. */
if (write(ffd, &track_data, sizeof(track_data)) < 0) {
fprintf(stderr,
"format: formatting cyl %d, head %d failed: %s\n",
cyl, head, strerror(errno));
exit(1);
}
}
void verify_track(int vfd, unsigned type, unsigned cyl, unsigned head)
/* Verify a track by reading it. On error read sector by sector. */
{
type_parameters_t *tparams= ¶meters[type - 1];
off_t track_pos;
unsigned sector;
unsigned nr_sectors= tparams->fmt_params.sectors_per_track;
size_t track_bytes;
static char buf[MAX_SECTORS * SECTOR_SIZE];
static unsigned bad_count;
/* Seek to the right track. */
track_pos= (off_t) (cyl * NR_HEADS + head) * nr_sectors * SECTOR_SIZE;
if (lseek(vfd, track_pos, SEEK_SET) == -1) {
fprintf(stderr,
"format: seeking to cyl %u, head %u (pos %ld) failed: %s\n",
cyl, head, track_pos, strerror(errno));
exit(1);
}
/* Read the track whole. */
track_bytes= nr_sectors * SECTOR_SIZE;
if (read(vfd, buf, track_bytes) == track_bytes) return;
/* An error occurred, retry sector by sector. */
for (sector= 0; sector < nr_sectors; sector++) {
if (lseek(vfd, track_pos, SEEK_SET) == -1) {
fprintf(stderr,
"format: seeking to cyl %u, head %u, sector %u (pos %ld) failed: %s\n",
cyl, head, sector, track_pos, strerror(errno));
exit(1);
}
switch (read(vfd, buf, SECTOR_SIZE)) {
case -1:
fprintf(stderr,
"format: bad sector at cyl %u, head %u, sector %u (pos %ld)\n",
cyl, head, sector, track_pos);
bad_count++;
break;
case SECTOR_SIZE:
/* Fine. */
break;
default:
fprintf(stderr, "format: short read at pos %ld\n",
track_pos);
bad_count++;
}
track_pos+= SECTOR_SIZE;
if (bad_count >= nr_sectors) {
fprintf(stderr, "format: too many bad sectors, floppy unusable\n");
exit(1);
}
}
}
void format_device(unsigned drive, unsigned type, int verify)
{
int ffd, vfd;
char *fmt_dev, *ver_dev;
struct stat st;
unsigned cyl, head;
unsigned nr_cyls;
type_parameters_t *tparams= ¶meters[type - 1];
int verbose= isatty(1);
fmt_dev= tmpnam(nil);
if (mknod(fmt_dev, S_IFCHR | 0700, fl_makedev(drive, type, 1)) < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "format: making format device failed: %s\n",
strerror(errno));
exit(1);
}
if ((ffd= open(fmt_dev, O_WRONLY)) < 0 || fstat(ffd, &st) < 0) {
report(fmt_dev);
(void) unlink(fmt_dev);
exit(1);
}
(void) unlink(fmt_dev);
if (st.st_rdev != fl_makedev(drive, type, 1)) {
/* Someone is trying to trick me. */
exit(1);
}
if (verify) {
ver_dev= tmpnam(nil);
if (mknod(ver_dev, S_IFCHR | 0700, fl_makedev(drive, type, 0))
< 0) {
fprintf(stderr,
"format: making verify device failed: %s\n",
strerror(errno));
exit(1);
}
if ((vfd= open(ver_dev, O_RDONLY)) < 0) {
report(ver_dev);
(void) unlink(ver_dev);
exit(1);
}
(void) unlink(ver_dev);
}
nr_cyls= tparams->media_size * (1024 / SECTOR_SIZE) / NR_HEADS
/ tparams->fmt_params.sectors_per_track;
if (verbose) {
printf("Formatting a %uk diskette in a %uk drive\n",
tparams->media_size, tparams->drive_size);
}
for (cyl= 0; cyl < nr_cyls; cyl++) {
for (head= 0; head < NR_HEADS; head++) {
if (verbose) {
printf(" Cyl. %2u, Head %u\r", cyl, head);
fflush(stdout);
}
#if __minix_vmd
/* After formatting a track we are too late to format
* the next track. So we can sleep at most 1/6 sec to
* allow the above printf to get displayed before we
* lock Minix into the floppy driver again.
*/
usleep(50000); /* 1/20 sec will do. */
#endif
format_track(ffd, type, cyl, head);
if (verify) verify_track(vfd, type, cyl, head);
}
}
if (verbose) fputc('\n', stdout);
}
void usage(void)
{
fprintf(stderr,
"Usage: format [-v] <device> [<media size> [<drive size>]]\n");
exit(1);
}
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
char *device;
unsigned drive;
unsigned type;
unsigned media_size;
unsigned drive_size;
int verify= 0;
struct stat st;
FILE *mfp;
char special[PATH_MAX + 1], mounted_on[PATH_MAX + 1];
char version[10], rw_flag[10];
/* Option -v. */
while (argc > 1 && argv[1][0] == '-') {
char *p;
for (p= argv[1]; *p == '-' || *p == 'v'; p++) {
if (*p == 'v') verify= 1;
}
if (*p != 0) usage();
argc--;
argv++;
if (strcmp(argv[0], "--") == 0) break;
}
if (argc < 2 || argc > 4) usage();
/* Check if the caller has read-write permission. Use the access()
* call to check with the real uid & gid. This program is usually
* set-uid root.
*/
device= argv[1];
if (access(device, R_OK|W_OK) < 0 || stat(device, &st) < 0)
fatal(device);
if ((!S_ISBLK(st.st_mode) && !S_ISCHR(st.st_mode))
|| !isfloppy(st.st_rdev)) {
fprintf(stderr, "format: %s: not a floppy device\n", device);
exit(1);
}
drive= fl_drive(st.st_rdev);
type= fl_type(st.st_rdev);
/* The drive should not be mounted. */
if (load_mtab("mkfs") < 0) return;
while (get_mtab_entry(special, mounted_on, version, rw_flag) == 0) {
if (stat(special, &st) >= 0 && isfloppy(st.st_rdev)
&& fl_drive(st.st_rdev) == drive) {
fprintf(stderr, "format: %s is mounted on %s\n",
device, mounted_on);
exit(1);
}
}
if (isflauto(type)) {
/* Auto type 0 requires size(s). */
unsigned long lmedia, ldrive;
char *end;
if (argc < 3) {
fprintf(stderr,
"format: no size specified for auto floppy device %s\n",
device);
usage();
}
lmedia= strtoul(argv[2], &end, 10);
if (end == argv[2] || *end != 0 || lmedia > 20 * 1024)
usage();
if (argc == 4) {
ldrive= strtoul(argv[3], &end, 10);
if (end == argv[3] || *end != 0 || ldrive > 20 * 1024)
usage();
} else {
ldrive= lmedia;
}
/* Silently correct wrong ordered sizes. */
if (lmedia > ldrive) {
media_size= ldrive;
drive_size= lmedia;
} else {
media_size= lmedia;
drive_size= ldrive;
}
/* A 1.44M drive can do 720k diskettes with no extra tricks.
* Diddle with the 720k params so it is found.
*/
if (media_size == 720 && drive_size == 1440)
parameters[4 - 1].drive_size= 1440;
/* Translate the auto type to a known type. */
for (type= 1; type <= NR_TYPES; type++) {
if (parameters[type - 1].media_size == media_size
&& parameters[type - 1].drive_size == drive_size
) break;
}
if (!isfltyped(type)) {
fprintf(stderr,
"format: can't format a %uk floppy in a %uk drive\n",
media_size, drive_size);
exit(1);
}
} else
if (isfltyped(type)) {
/* No sizes needed for a non-auto type. */
if (argc > 2) {
fprintf(stderr,
"format: no sizes need to be specified for non-auto floppy device %s\n",
device);
usage();
}
} else
if (isflpart(type)) {
fprintf(stderr,
"format: floppy partition %s can't be formatted\n",
device);
exit(1);
} else {
fprintf(stderr,
"format: %s: can't format strange type %d\n",
device, type);
}
format_device(drive, type, verify);
exit(0);
}