NetBSD-5.0.2/sys/arch/atari/atari/mainbus.c
/* $NetBSD: mainbus.c,v 1.6.10.1 2009/01/06 23:49:02 snj Exp $ */
/*-
* Copyright (c) 1998 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
* All rights reserved.
*
* This code is derived from software contributed to The NetBSD Foundation
* by Leo Weppelman.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS
* ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
* TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
* PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS
* BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
* CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
* SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
* INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
* CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
* ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
* POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
#include <sys/cdefs.h>
__KERNEL_RCSID(0, "$NetBSD: mainbus.c,v 1.6.10.1 2009/01/06 23:49:02 snj Exp $");
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/systm.h>
#include <sys/malloc.h>
#include <machine/cpu.h>
#include <machine/bus.h>
static int mb_bus_space_peek_1 __P((bus_space_tag_t,
bus_space_handle_t, bus_size_t));
static int mb_bus_space_peek_2 __P((bus_space_tag_t,
bus_space_handle_t, bus_size_t));
static int mb_bus_space_peek_4 __P((bus_space_tag_t,
bus_space_handle_t, bus_size_t));
static int mb_bus_space_peek_8 __P((bus_space_tag_t,
bus_space_handle_t, bus_size_t));
static u_int8_t mb_bus_space_read_1 __P((bus_space_tag_t,
bus_space_handle_t, bus_size_t));
static u_int16_t mb_bus_space_read_2 __P((bus_space_tag_t,
bus_space_handle_t, bus_size_t));
static u_int32_t mb_bus_space_read_4 __P((bus_space_tag_t,
bus_space_handle_t, bus_size_t));
static u_int64_t mb_bus_space_read_8 __P((bus_space_tag_t,
bus_space_handle_t, bus_size_t));
static void mb_bus_space_write_1 __P((bus_space_tag_t,
bus_space_handle_t, bus_size_t, u_int8_t));
static void mb_bus_space_write_2 __P((bus_space_tag_t,
bus_space_handle_t, bus_size_t, u_int16_t));
static void mb_bus_space_write_4 __P((bus_space_tag_t,
bus_space_handle_t, bus_size_t, u_int32_t));
static void mb_bus_space_write_8 __P((bus_space_tag_t,
bus_space_handle_t, bus_size_t, u_int64_t));
static void mb_bus_space_read_multi_1 __P((bus_space_tag_t,
bus_space_handle_t, bus_size_t, u_int8_t *,
bus_size_t));
static void mb_bus_space_read_multi_2 __P((bus_space_tag_t,
bus_space_handle_t, bus_size_t, u_int16_t *,
bus_size_t));
static void mb_bus_space_read_multi_4 __P((bus_space_tag_t,
bus_space_handle_t, bus_size_t, u_int32_t *,
bus_size_t));
static void mb_bus_space_read_multi_8 __P((bus_space_tag_t,
bus_space_handle_t, bus_size_t, u_int64_t *,
bus_size_t));
static void mb_bus_space_write_multi_1 __P((bus_space_tag_t,
bus_space_handle_t, bus_size_t,
const u_int8_t *, bus_size_t));
static void mb_bus_space_write_multi_2 __P((bus_space_tag_t,
bus_space_handle_t, bus_size_t,
const u_int16_t *, bus_size_t));
static void mb_bus_space_write_multi_4 __P((bus_space_tag_t,
bus_space_handle_t, bus_size_t,
const u_int32_t *, bus_size_t));
static void mb_bus_space_write_multi_8 __P((bus_space_tag_t,
bus_space_handle_t, bus_size_t,
const u_int64_t *, bus_size_t));
static void mb_bus_space_read_region_1 __P((bus_space_tag_t,
bus_space_handle_t, bus_size_t, u_int8_t *,
bus_size_t));
static void mb_bus_space_read_region_2 __P((bus_space_tag_t,
bus_space_handle_t, bus_size_t, u_int16_t *,
bus_size_t));
static void mb_bus_space_read_region_4 __P((bus_space_tag_t,
bus_space_handle_t, bus_size_t, u_int32_t *,
bus_size_t));
static void mb_bus_space_read_region_8 __P((bus_space_tag_t,
bus_space_handle_t, bus_size_t, u_int64_t *,
bus_size_t));
static void mb_bus_space_write_region_1 __P((bus_space_tag_t,
bus_space_handle_t, bus_size_t,
const u_int8_t *, bus_size_t));
static void mb_bus_space_write_region_2 __P((bus_space_tag_t,
bus_space_handle_t, bus_size_t,
const u_int16_t *, bus_size_t));
static void mb_bus_space_write_region_4 __P((bus_space_tag_t,
bus_space_handle_t, bus_size_t,
const u_int32_t *, bus_size_t));
static void mb_bus_space_write_region_8 __P((bus_space_tag_t,
bus_space_handle_t, bus_size_t,
const u_int64_t *, bus_size_t));
static void mb_bus_space_set_multi_1 __P((bus_space_tag_t,
bus_space_handle_t, bus_size_t, u_int8_t,
bus_size_t));
static void mb_bus_space_set_multi_2 __P((bus_space_tag_t,
bus_space_handle_t, bus_size_t, u_int16_t,
bus_size_t));
static void mb_bus_space_set_multi_4 __P((bus_space_tag_t,
bus_space_handle_t, bus_size_t, u_int32_t,
bus_size_t));
static void mb_bus_space_set_multi_8 __P((bus_space_tag_t,
bus_space_handle_t, bus_size_t, u_int64_t,
bus_size_t));
static void mb_bus_space_set_region_1 __P((bus_space_tag_t,
bus_space_handle_t, bus_size_t, u_int8_t,
bus_size_t));
static void mb_bus_space_set_region_2 __P((bus_space_tag_t,
bus_space_handle_t, bus_size_t, u_int16_t,
bus_size_t));
static void mb_bus_space_set_region_4 __P((bus_space_tag_t,
bus_space_handle_t, bus_size_t, u_int32_t,
bus_size_t));
static void mb_bus_space_set_region_8 __P((bus_space_tag_t,
bus_space_handle_t, bus_size_t, u_int64_t,
bus_size_t));
/*
* Calculate offset on the mainbus given a stride_shift and width_offset
*/
#define calc_addr(base, off, stride, wm) \
((u_long)(base) + ((off) << (stride)) + (wm))
#define __read_1(t, h, o) \
(*((volatile u_int8_t *)(calc_addr(h, o, (t)->stride, (t)->wo_1))))
#define __read_2(t, h, o) \
(*((volatile u_int16_t *)(calc_addr(h, o, (t)->stride, (t)->wo_2))))
#define __read_4(t, h, o) \
(*((volatile u_int32_t *)(calc_addr(h, o, (t)->stride, (t)->wo_4))))
#define __read_8(t, h, o) \
(*((volatile u_int64_t *)(calc_addr(h, o, (t)->stride, (t)->wo_8))))
#define __write_1(t, h, o, v) \
*((volatile u_int8_t *)(calc_addr(h, o, (t)->stride, (t)->wo_1))) = v
#define __write_2(t, h, o, v) \
*((volatile u_int16_t *)(calc_addr(h, o, (t)->stride, (t)->wo_2))) = v
#define __write_4(t, h, o, v) \
*((volatile u_int32_t *)(calc_addr(h, o, (t)->stride, (t)->wo_4))) = v
#define __write_8(t, h, o, v) \
*((volatile u_int64_t *)(calc_addr(h, o, (t)->stride, (t)->wo_8))) = v
bus_space_tag_t
mb_alloc_bus_space_tag()
{
bus_space_tag_t mb_t;
/* Not really M_TEMP, is it.. */
if ((mb_t = malloc(sizeof(*mb_t), M_TEMP, M_NOWAIT)) == NULL)
return(NULL);
bzero(mb_t, sizeof(*mb_t));
mb_t->abs_p_1 = mb_bus_space_peek_1;
mb_t->abs_p_2 = mb_bus_space_peek_2;
mb_t->abs_p_4 = mb_bus_space_peek_4;
mb_t->abs_p_8 = mb_bus_space_peek_8;
mb_t->abs_r_1 = mb_bus_space_read_1;
mb_t->abs_r_2 = mb_bus_space_read_2;
mb_t->abs_r_4 = mb_bus_space_read_4;
mb_t->abs_r_8 = mb_bus_space_read_8;
mb_t->abs_rs_1 = mb_bus_space_read_1;
mb_t->abs_rs_2 = mb_bus_space_read_2;
mb_t->abs_rs_4 = mb_bus_space_read_4;
mb_t->abs_rs_8 = mb_bus_space_read_8;
mb_t->abs_rm_1 = mb_bus_space_read_multi_1;
mb_t->abs_rm_2 = mb_bus_space_read_multi_2;
mb_t->abs_rm_4 = mb_bus_space_read_multi_4;
mb_t->abs_rm_8 = mb_bus_space_read_multi_8;
mb_t->abs_rms_1 = mb_bus_space_read_multi_1;
mb_t->abs_rms_2 = mb_bus_space_read_multi_2;
mb_t->abs_rms_4 = mb_bus_space_read_multi_4;
mb_t->abs_rms_8 = mb_bus_space_read_multi_8;
mb_t->abs_rr_1 = mb_bus_space_read_region_1;
mb_t->abs_rr_2 = mb_bus_space_read_region_2;
mb_t->abs_rr_4 = mb_bus_space_read_region_4;
mb_t->abs_rr_8 = mb_bus_space_read_region_8;
mb_t->abs_rrs_1 = mb_bus_space_read_region_1;
mb_t->abs_rrs_2 = mb_bus_space_read_region_2;
mb_t->abs_rrs_4 = mb_bus_space_read_region_4;
mb_t->abs_rrs_8 = mb_bus_space_read_region_8;
mb_t->abs_w_1 = mb_bus_space_write_1;
mb_t->abs_w_2 = mb_bus_space_write_2;
mb_t->abs_w_4 = mb_bus_space_write_4;
mb_t->abs_w_8 = mb_bus_space_write_8;
mb_t->abs_ws_1 = mb_bus_space_write_1;
mb_t->abs_ws_2 = mb_bus_space_write_2;
mb_t->abs_ws_4 = mb_bus_space_write_4;
mb_t->abs_ws_8 = mb_bus_space_write_8;
mb_t->abs_wm_1 = mb_bus_space_write_multi_1;
mb_t->abs_wm_2 = mb_bus_space_write_multi_2;
mb_t->abs_wm_4 = mb_bus_space_write_multi_4;
mb_t->abs_wm_8 = mb_bus_space_write_multi_8;
mb_t->abs_wms_1 = mb_bus_space_write_multi_1;
mb_t->abs_wms_2 = mb_bus_space_write_multi_2;
mb_t->abs_wms_4 = mb_bus_space_write_multi_4;
mb_t->abs_wms_8 = mb_bus_space_write_multi_8;
mb_t->abs_wr_1 = mb_bus_space_write_region_1;
mb_t->abs_wr_2 = mb_bus_space_write_region_2;
mb_t->abs_wr_4 = mb_bus_space_write_region_4;
mb_t->abs_wr_8 = mb_bus_space_write_region_8;
mb_t->abs_wrs_1 = mb_bus_space_write_region_1;
mb_t->abs_wrs_2 = mb_bus_space_write_region_2;
mb_t->abs_wrs_4 = mb_bus_space_write_region_4;
mb_t->abs_wrs_8 = mb_bus_space_write_region_8;
mb_t->abs_sm_1 = mb_bus_space_set_multi_1;
mb_t->abs_sm_2 = mb_bus_space_set_multi_2;
mb_t->abs_sm_4 = mb_bus_space_set_multi_4;
mb_t->abs_sm_8 = mb_bus_space_set_multi_8;
mb_t->abs_sr_1 = mb_bus_space_set_region_1;
mb_t->abs_sr_2 = mb_bus_space_set_region_2;
mb_t->abs_sr_4 = mb_bus_space_set_region_4;
mb_t->abs_sr_8 = mb_bus_space_set_region_8;
return(mb_t);
}
void
mb_free_bus_space_tag(mb_t)
bus_space_tag_t mb_t;
{
/* Not really M_TEMP, is it.. */
free(mb_t, M_TEMP);
}
static int
mb_bus_space_peek_1(t, h, o)
bus_space_tag_t t;
bus_space_handle_t h;
bus_size_t o;
{
return(!badbaddr((void *)(calc_addr(h, o, t->stride, t->wo_1)), 1));
}
static int
mb_bus_space_peek_2(t, h, o)
bus_space_tag_t t;
bus_space_handle_t h;
bus_size_t o;
{
return(!badbaddr((void *)(calc_addr(h, o, t->stride, t->wo_2)), 2));
}
static int
mb_bus_space_peek_4(t, h, o)
bus_space_tag_t t;
bus_space_handle_t h;
bus_size_t o;
{
return(!badbaddr((void *)(calc_addr(h, o, t->stride, t->wo_4)), 4));
}
static int
mb_bus_space_peek_8(t, h, o)
bus_space_tag_t t;
bus_space_handle_t h;
bus_size_t o;
{
return(!badbaddr((void *)(calc_addr(h, o, t->stride, t->wo_8)), 8));
}
static u_int8_t
mb_bus_space_read_1(t, h, o)
bus_space_tag_t t;
bus_space_handle_t h;
bus_size_t o;
{
return(__read_1(t, h, o));
}
static u_int16_t
mb_bus_space_read_2(t, h, o)
bus_space_tag_t t;
bus_space_handle_t h;
bus_size_t o;
{
return(__read_2(t, h, o));
}
static u_int32_t
mb_bus_space_read_4(t, h, o)
bus_space_tag_t t;
bus_space_handle_t h;
bus_size_t o;
{
return(__read_4(t, h, o));
}
static u_int64_t
mb_bus_space_read_8(t, h, o)
bus_space_tag_t t;
bus_space_handle_t h;
bus_size_t o;
{
return(__read_8(t, h, o));
}
static void
mb_bus_space_write_1(t, h, o, v)
bus_space_tag_t t;
bus_space_handle_t h;
bus_size_t o;
u_int8_t v;
{
__write_1(t, h, o, v);
}
static void
mb_bus_space_write_2(t, h, o, v)
bus_space_tag_t t;
bus_space_handle_t h;
bus_size_t o;
u_int16_t v;
{
__write_2(t, h, o, v);
}
static void
mb_bus_space_write_4(t, h, o, v)
bus_space_tag_t t;
bus_space_handle_t h;
bus_size_t o;
u_int32_t v;
{
__write_4(t, h, o, v);
}
static void
mb_bus_space_write_8(t, h, o, v)
bus_space_tag_t t;
bus_space_handle_t h;
bus_size_t o;
u_int64_t v;
{
__write_8(t, h, o, v);
}
static void
mb_bus_space_read_multi_1(t, h, o, a, c)
bus_space_tag_t t;
bus_space_handle_t h;
bus_size_t o, c;
u_int8_t *a;
{
volatile u_int8_t *ba;
ba = (volatile u_int8_t *)calc_addr(h, o, t->stride, t->wo_1);
for (; c; a++, c--)
*a = *ba;
}
static void
mb_bus_space_read_multi_2(t, h, o, a, c)
bus_space_tag_t t;
bus_space_handle_t h;
bus_size_t o, c;
u_int16_t *a;
{
volatile u_int16_t *ba;
ba = (volatile u_int16_t *)calc_addr(h, o, t->stride, t->wo_2);
for (; c; a++, c--)
*a = *ba;
}
static void
mb_bus_space_read_multi_4(t, h, o, a, c)
bus_space_tag_t t;
bus_space_handle_t h;
bus_size_t o, c;
u_int32_t *a;
{
volatile u_int32_t *ba;
ba = (volatile u_int32_t *)calc_addr(h, o, t->stride, t->wo_4);
for (; c; a++, c--)
*a = *ba;
}
static void
mb_bus_space_read_multi_8(t, h, o, a, c)
bus_space_tag_t t;
bus_space_handle_t h;
bus_size_t o, c;
u_int64_t *a;
{
volatile u_int64_t *ba;
ba = (volatile u_int64_t *)calc_addr(h, o, t->stride, t->wo_8);
for (; c; a++, c--)
*a = *ba;
}
static void
mb_bus_space_write_multi_1(t, h, o, a, c)
bus_space_tag_t t;
bus_space_handle_t h;
bus_size_t o, c;
const u_int8_t *a;
{
volatile u_int8_t *ba;
ba = (volatile u_int8_t *)calc_addr(h, o, t->stride, t->wo_1);
for (; c; a++, c--)
*ba = *a;
}
static void
mb_bus_space_write_multi_2(t, h, o, a, c)
bus_space_tag_t t;
bus_space_handle_t h;
bus_size_t o, c;
const u_int16_t *a;
{
volatile u_int16_t *ba;
ba = (volatile u_int16_t *)calc_addr(h, o, t->stride, t->wo_2);
for (; c; a++, c--)
*ba = *a;
}
static void
mb_bus_space_write_multi_4(t, h, o, a, c)
bus_space_tag_t t;
bus_space_handle_t h;
bus_size_t o, c;
const u_int32_t *a;
{
volatile u_int32_t *ba;
ba = (volatile u_int32_t *)calc_addr(h, o, t->stride, t->wo_4);
for (; c; a++, c--)
*ba = *a;
}
static void
mb_bus_space_write_multi_8(t, h, o, a, c)
bus_space_tag_t t;
bus_space_handle_t h;
bus_size_t o, c;
const u_int64_t *a;
{
volatile u_int64_t *ba;
ba = (volatile u_int64_t *)calc_addr(h, o, t->stride, t->wo_8);
for (; c; a++, c--)
*ba = *a;
}
/*
* void bus_space_read_region_N __P((bus_space_tag_t tag,
* bus_space_handle_t bsh, bus_size_t offset,
* u_intN_t *addr, size_t count));
*
* Read `count' 1, 2, 4, or 8 byte quantities from bus space
* described by tag/handle and starting at `offset' and copy into
* buffer provided.
*/
static void
mb_bus_space_read_region_1(t, h, o, a, c)
bus_space_tag_t t;
bus_space_handle_t h;
bus_size_t o, c;
u_int8_t *a;
{
for (; c; a++, o++, c--)
*a = __read_1(t, h, o);
}
static void
mb_bus_space_read_region_2(t, h, o, a, c)
bus_space_tag_t t;
bus_space_handle_t h;
bus_size_t o, c;
u_int16_t *a;
{
for (; c; a++, o += 2, c--)
*a = __read_2(t, h, o);
}
static void
mb_bus_space_read_region_4(t, h, o, a, c)
bus_space_tag_t t;
bus_space_handle_t h;
bus_size_t o, c;
u_int32_t *a;
{
for (; c; a++, o += 4, c--)
*a = __read_4(t, h, o);
}
static void
mb_bus_space_read_region_8(t, h, o, a, c)
bus_space_tag_t t;
bus_space_handle_t h;
bus_size_t o, c;
u_int64_t *a;
{
for (; c; a++, o += 8, c--)
*a = __read_8(t, h, o);
}
/*
* void bus_space_write_region_N __P((bus_space_tag_t tag,
* bus_space_handle_t bsh, bus_size_t offset,
* u_intN_t *addr, size_t count));
*
* Copy `count' 1, 2, 4, or 8 byte quantities from the buffer provided
* into the bus space described by tag/handle and starting at `offset'.
*/
static void
mb_bus_space_write_region_1(t, h, o, a, c)
bus_space_tag_t t;
bus_space_handle_t h;
bus_size_t o, c;
const u_int8_t *a;
{
for (; c; a++, o++, c--)
__write_1(t, h, o, *a);
}
static void
mb_bus_space_write_region_2(t, h, o, a, c)
bus_space_tag_t t;
bus_space_handle_t h;
bus_size_t o, c;
const u_int16_t *a;
{
for (; c; a++, o += 2, c--)
__write_2(t, h, o, *a);
}
static void
mb_bus_space_write_region_4(t, h, o, a, c)
bus_space_tag_t t;
bus_space_handle_t h;
bus_size_t o, c;
const u_int32_t *a;
{
for (; c; a++, o += 4, c--)
__write_4(t, h, o, *a);
}
static void
mb_bus_space_write_region_8(t, h, o, a, c)
bus_space_tag_t t;
bus_space_handle_t h;
bus_size_t o, c;
const u_int64_t *a;
{
for (; c; a++, o += 8, c--)
__write_8(t, h, o, *a);
}
/*
* void bus_space_set_multi_N __P((bus_space_tag_t tag,
* bus_space_handle_t bsh, bus_size_t offset, u_intN_t val,
* size_t count));
*
* Write the 1, 2, 4, or 8 byte value `val' to bus space described
* by tag/handle/offset `count' times.
*/
static void
mb_bus_space_set_multi_1(t, h, o, v, c)
bus_space_tag_t t;
bus_space_handle_t h;
bus_size_t o, c;
u_int8_t v;
{
volatile u_int8_t *ba;
ba = (volatile u_int8_t *)calc_addr(h, o, t->stride, t->wo_1);
for (; c; c--)
*ba = v;
}
static void
mb_bus_space_set_multi_2(t, h, o, v, c)
bus_space_tag_t t;
bus_space_handle_t h;
bus_size_t o, c;
u_int16_t v;
{
volatile u_int16_t *ba;
ba = (volatile u_int16_t *)calc_addr(h, o, t->stride, t->wo_2);
for (; c; c--)
*ba = v;
}
static void
mb_bus_space_set_multi_4(t, h, o, v, c)
bus_space_tag_t t;
bus_space_handle_t h;
bus_size_t o, c;
u_int32_t v;
{
volatile u_int32_t *ba;
ba = (volatile u_int32_t *)calc_addr(h, o, t->stride, t->wo_4);
for (; c; c--)
*ba = v;
}
static void
mb_bus_space_set_multi_8(t, h, o, v, c)
bus_space_tag_t t;
bus_space_handle_t h;
bus_size_t o, c;
u_int64_t v;
{
volatile u_int64_t *ba;
ba = (volatile u_int64_t *)calc_addr(h, o, t->stride, t->wo_8);
for (; c; c--)
*ba = v;
}
/*
* void bus_space_set_region_N __P((bus_space_tag_t tag,
* bus_space_handle_t bsh, bus_size_t offset, u_intN_t val,
* size_t count));
*
* Write `count' 1, 2, 4, or 8 byte value `val' to bus space described
* by tag/handle starting at `offset'.
*/
static void
mb_bus_space_set_region_1(t, h, o, v, c)
bus_space_tag_t t;
bus_space_handle_t h;
bus_size_t o, c;
u_int8_t v;
{
for (; c; o++, c--)
__write_1(t, h, o, v);
}
static void
mb_bus_space_set_region_2(t, h, o, v, c)
bus_space_tag_t t;
bus_space_handle_t h;
bus_size_t o, c;
u_int16_t v;
{
for (; c; o += 2, c--)
__write_2(t, h, o, v);
}
static void
mb_bus_space_set_region_4(t, h, o, v, c)
bus_space_tag_t t;
bus_space_handle_t h;
bus_size_t o, c;
u_int32_t v;
{
for (; c; o += 4, c--)
__write_4(t, h, o, v);
}
static void
mb_bus_space_set_region_8(t, h, o, v, c)
bus_space_tag_t t;
bus_space_handle_t h;
bus_size_t o, c;
u_int64_t v;
{
for (; c; o += 8, c--)
__write_8(t, h, o, v);
}