Ultrix-3.1/src/cmd/help/helptext1
-adb
DESCRIPTION The adb command provides an interactive C program debugger
that has a full subset of commands.
SYNTAX adb [ -w ] [ object ] [ core ]
object Name of object program to be debugged. If not
specified, uses a.out in current directory.
core Name of program's core dump. If not specified,
uses core in current directory.
OPTIONS -w Creates object and core files, if necessary.
DOCUMENTATION adb(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
"A Tutorial Introduction to ADB" in the ULTRIX-11 Supplementary
Documents, Volume 1
-admin
DESCRIPTION The SCCS admin command creates SCCS files or changes parameters
of existing SCCS files.
SYNTAX sccs admin [ options ] file...
file Name of each file to be created or administered.
OPTIONS -a Adds specified user (-aname) to list of those permitted
to make changes (deltas) to existing SCCS files.
-d Turns off (deletes) specified flag (-dxx). Useful flags
are: b (allows branches), d (sets default delta number),
i (treats no ID keywords as fatal error), and t (module
type). For a complete list of flags, read the admin
manual page.
-e Erases specified user (-ename) from list of those permitted
to make changes (deltas) to existing SCCS files.
-f Turns on specified flag (-fxx). See -d option.
-h Checks the structure of the SCCS file.
-i Creates SCCS file (first delta) using text from specified
file (-ifile).
-m Inserts specified modification request numbers (-mlist).
-n Creates a new SCCS file.
-r Indicates initial release number (-r#). Must be used with
-i option. If not specified, uses 1.0.
-t Replaces descriptive text of an existing SCCS file with
contents of specified file (-tfile).
-y Inserts specified comment (-ystring) as comment for initial
delta. If not specified, uses default comment line.
-z Recomputes SCCS file checksum (used with corrupted SCCS
files).
DOCUMENTATION admin(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
"An Introduction to the Source Code Control System" in the
ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 1
-apropos
DESCRIPTION The apropos command displays the sections of the
ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual that contain references
to each specified word in the title descriptions.
SYNTAX apropos word...
word Each word for which references are to be
displayed.
DOCUMENTATION apropos(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-ar
DESCRIPTION The ar command creates and maintains archive libraries.
SYNTAX ar key [ pos ] archive file...
pos Key and file name (keyname) used in adding,
moving, or replacing files. Position keys are:
a (after file) and b or i (before file). If not
specified, adds new file to end of archive.
archive Name of archive library (file).
file Name of each file to be archived.
KEYS c Creates new archive, but suppresses normal message.
d Deletes each named file from archive.
l Uses local (current) directory when making a temporary copy
of each specified file.
m Moves each named file to position, if used, or end of
archive.
p Displays each specified file.
q Quickly adds each named file to end of archive.
r Replaces existing file and places new copy at position,
if used, or at end of archive. If u character is added,
checks modification date of both files. Then, replaces
existing file only if its modification date is earlier
than that of the new copy.
t Displays table of contents containing each named file. If
not specified, displays table containing all files.
v Displays verbose information for each named file added to
archive.
x Extracts each named file from archive. If not specified,
extracts all files from archive.
DOCUMENTATION ar(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-as
DESCRIPTION The as command assembles each specified file into a single
executable program.
SYNTAX as [ options ] file...
file Name of each file to be assembled.
OPTIONS - Treats all undefined symbols as globals.
-V Leaves references to all global variables unresolved.
-o Writes output to specified file (next argument).
If not specified, defaults to a.out.
DOCUMENTATION as(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
"Assembler Reference Manual" in the ULTRIX-11 Supplementary
Documents, Volume 2
-at
DESCRIPTION The at command builds a script file to be executed by the shell
at the later, designated time.
SYNTAX at time [ day ] [ file ]
time Up to 4 digits (hhmm, 24-hour clock) and optional
letter: A (am), P (pm), N (noon), or M (midnight).
day Either month name plus day number or day name.
file Name of file from which commands for script are to
be read. If not specified, reads stdin until <CTRL/D>
and uses this as input.
EXAMPLES at 1P fri report1
at 1000A jan20 report2
DOCUMENTATION at(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-awk
DESCRIPTION The awk command provides a pattern scanning and processing
language that has a full subset of language constructs.
SYNTAX awk [ options ] [ string ] [ file... ]
string Each pattern and action. For further information,
read the awk manual page.
file Name of each file to be scanned. If not specified,
or if dash (-) is specified, reads stdin until
<CTRL/D> and scans this input.
OPTIONS -F Sets interfield separator to specified character (-Fc).
-f Uses specified file (next argument) as input for patterns
and actions.
DOCUMENTATION awk(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
"Awk--A Pattern Scanning and Processing Language" in the
ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 2
-basename
DESCRIPTION The basename command strips all directory prefixes from the
specified pathname.
SYNTAX basename path [ suffix ]
path Pathname from which all preceding directory names
are to be deleted.
suffix Suffix which, if present in pathname, also is to
be deleted.
DOCUMENTATION basename(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-bc
DESCRIPTION The bc command provides an interactive arithmetic language
processor that has a full language subset.
SYNTAX bc [ options ] [ file... ]
file Name of each file from which input is to be read.
OPTIONS -c Compiles input only.
-l Uses standard math library (/usr/lib/lib.b).
DOCUMENTATION bc(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
"BC -- An Arbitrary Precision Desk-Calculator Language" in the
ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 2
-bdiff
DESCRIPTION The bdiff command displays the textual differences between two
big files.
SYNTAX bdiff file1 file2 [ lines ] [ -s ]
file1 Names of files whose differences are to be
file2 displayed. If - is specified for either file,
reads stdin until <CTRL/D> in place of that file
and displays differences between this input and
data in the specified file.
lines Number of lines each segment is to contain. If not
specified, splits each file into segments containing
3500 lines each before determining their differences.
OPTIONS -s Suppresses normal diagnostic messages.
DOCUMENTATION bdiff(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-bfs
DESCRIPTION The bfs command allows you to scan large text
files (maximum 1024K bytes and 32K lines).
SYNTAX bfs [ - ] file
file Name of the file to be processed.
OPTIONS - Suppresses all character count displays.
DOCUMENTATION bfs(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-binmail
DESCRIPTION The binmail command provides an interactive program
with a full set of subcommands for sending or receiving
mail messages.
SYNTAX /bin/mail [ options ] [ user... ]
user Name of each user to which mail is to be sent.
If not specified, reads current mail, if any,
from your mailbox file.
OPTIONS -f Displays mail messages contained in the specified
file (next argument) in place of your mailbox file.
-p Displays mail messages directly (does not require
disposition command).
-q Exits binmail session without affecting (updating)
your mailbox file.
-r Displays mail messages in a first-in, first-out
order.
EXAMPLES /bin/mail
/bin/mail -f mbox
DOCUMENTATION binmail(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-cal
DESCRIPTION The cal command displays a calendar for the specified month or
year.
SYNTAX cal [ month ] year
month Month number: 1-12. If specified, displays calendar
for that month only.
year Year number: 1-9999.
EXAMPLES cal 1985
cal 4 1900
DOCUMENTATION cal(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-calendar
DESCRIPTION The calendar command provides a calendar reminder service by
reading a user-created file and displaying all lines containing
the current date.
SYNTAX calendar [ - ]
DOCUMENTATION calendar(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-cat
DESCRIPTION The cat command concatenates each specified file into a
continuous output stream.
SYNTAX cat [ options ] file...
file Name of each file to be concatenated. If not
specified, reads stdin until <CTRL/D> and writes
this input to stdout.
OPTIONS -b Ignores all blank lines and precedes each output line
with its line number.
-e Displays a dollar sign ($) at end of each line.
-n Precedes all output lines (including blank lines) with
line numbers.
-s Squeezes multiple blank lines from output: single spaces
output.
-t Displays all nonprinting character (including tabs):
<CTRL/X> as ^X, <DELETE> as ^?, non-ASCII characters
(with high bit set) as M- followed by low bits character,
and tabs as ^I.
-u Unbuffers all output. Normally, output is buffered.
-v Displays all nonprinting characters (excluding tabs):
<CTRL/X> as ^X, <DELETE> as ^?, and non-ASCII characters
(with high bit set) as M- followed by low bits character.
DOCUMENTATION cat(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-cb
DESCRIPTION The cb command uniformly spaces and indents C programs.
SYNTAX cb
DOCUMENTATION cb(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-cc
DESCRIPTION The cc command compiles and links C programs.
SYNTAX cc [ options ] file...
file Name of each file to compiled and/or linked.
OPTIONS -B Finds substitutes for compiler passes from files with
suffixes cpp, c0, c1, and c2 in named path (-Bpath).
If path is not specified, uses /usr/c/o directory.
-D Defines name to specified value (-Dname=value). If value
not specified, defined to 1.
-E Runs preprocessor (cpp) only and writes output to stdout.
-I Searches named directory (-Idirectory) for include files.
-N Places switch tables into text space.
-O Uses the object code optimizer (c2).
-P Runs preprocessor (cpp) and writes output to .i files.
-S Compiles programs and writes output to .s files.
-U Removes initial definition of name (-Uname).
-V Generates code suitable for overlaid programs.
-Y Compiles the named C programs with the SYSTEM V
compatibility library. The /lib/libcV.a library is
loaded prior to the /lib/libc.a library.
-c Suppresses loading and produces an object (.o) file even
if only one program is being complied.
-o Writes output to specified file (next argument).
-p Produces count of times each routine is called.
-t Finds substitute compiler pass from path named with -B
option and optional key (-t[x...]). Optional keys are:
p (cpp), 0 (c0), 1 (c1), and 2 (c2).
DOCUMENTATION cc(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
"A Tour through the UNIX C Compiler" in the ULTRIX-11
Supplementary Documents, Volume 2
"The C Programming Language--Reference Manual" and "UNIX
Programming--Second Edition" in the ULTRIX-11 Supplementary
Documents, Volume 1
-cd
DESCRIPTION The cd command changes your current directory to the specified
directory.
SYNTAX cd [ directory ]
directory Name of directory to be changed to. If not
specified, changes to your home directory.
DOCUMENTATION cd(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-cdc
DESCRIPTION The SCCS cdc command changes the commentary for the specified
release number (delta).
SYNTAX sccs cdc [ options ] file...
file Name of each file to be changed.
OPTIONS -m Adds or deletes the specified modification numbers (-m##),
from delta commentary. Must be used with -r option.
-r Indicates delta number (-r#).
-y Changes commentary to specified string (-ystring). Must
be used with -r option.
DOCUMENTATION cdc(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
"An Introduction to the Source Code Control System" in the
ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 1
-check
DESCRIPTION The SCCS check command displays a list of file names of SCCS
files that are currently being edited. If none are being
edited, returns exit status only.
SYNTAX sccs check
DOCUMENTATION "An Introduction to the Source Code Control System" in the
ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 1
-checkeq
DESCRIPTION The checkeq command checks each specified file for unmatched
eqn codes.
SYNTAX checkeq [ file... ]
file Name of each file to be checked. If not specified,
reads stdin until <CTRL/D> and checks this input.
DOCUMENTATION eqn(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-checkmm
DESCRIPTION The checkmm command checks the mm macro coding in the
specified text file.
SYNTAX checkmm [ file... ]
file Name of each text file to be processed.
If not specified, reads stdin until <CTRL/D>
and processes this input.
DOCUMENTATION mm(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
"Memorandum Macros" in the ULTRIX-11 Supplementary
Documents, Volume 1
-chfn
DESCRIPTION The chfn command changes the personal information in
your /etc/passwd entry.
SYNTAX chfn
DOCUMENTATION chfn(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-chgrp
DESCRIPTION The chgrp command changes the group ID of each specified
file to that of the named group.
SYNTAX chgrp group file...
group Name of group whose ID is to be applied.
file Name of each file to be changed.
EXAMPLES chgrp bin program1 program2 program3
DOCUMENTATION chown(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-chmod
DESCRIPTION The chmod command changes the mode (access permissions)
of each specified file.
SYNTAX chmod mode file...
mode Mode (access permissions) to be applied.
You can specify mode in octal or symbolic
representation (see below).
file Name of each file to be changed.
Octal representations are Symbolic representations are
formed by adding: formed by combining, in order:
0400 Owner read permission u Owner
0200 Owner write permission g Group
0100 Owner execute permission o Other
0040 Group read permission + Adds permissions
0020 Group write permission - Removes permissions
0010 Group execute permission = Sets permissions
0004 Other read permission r Read permission
0002 Other write permission w Write permission
0001 Other execute permission x Execute permission
Symbolic representation allows for multiple changes to the same
setting group or groups and, when comma separated, to different
setting groups (see first and second examples).
For a list of other permissions settings, read chmod(1).
EXAMPLES chmod go+rx-w project.dir
chmod u+x,g=rw,o-r report
chmod 740 report
DOCUMENTATION chmod(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-chog
DESCRIPTION The chog command changes the user and group IDs of each
specified file to those of the named user.
SYNTAX chog user file...
user Login name of user whose IDs are to be applied.
file Name of each file to be changed.
EXAMPLES chog bill report program1
DOCUMENTATION chog(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-chown
DESCRIPTION The chown command changes the user ID of each specified file
to that of the named user.
SYNTAX chown user file...
user Login name of user whose ID is to be applied.
file Name of each file to be changed.
EXAMPLES chown bill program1 program2
DOCUMENTATION chmod(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-chroot
DESCRIPTION The chroot command changes the root directory (/) to
the specified directory and executes a new shell.
SYNTAX chroot directory
directory Name of the directory that is to become
the new root directory.
DOCUMENTATION chroot(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-chsh
DESCRIPTION The chsh command changes your login shell.
SYNTAX chsh user [ shell ]
user Login name of user whose shell is to be changed.
shell Name of shell to be changed to. If not specified,
changes to /bin/sh.
EXAMPLES chsh bill /bin/csh
chsh bill
DOCUMENTATION chsh(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-clean
DESCRIPTION The SCCS clean command removes all SCCS files in the
current directory that can be recreated.
SYNTAX sccs clean
DOCUMENTATION "An Introduction to the Source Code Control System" in the
ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 1
-clear
DESCRIPTION The clear command clears your terminal screen.
SYNTAX clear
DOCUMENTATION clear(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-clr
DESCRIPTION The clr command clears your terminal screen.
SYNTAX clr
DOCUMENTATION clear(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual.
-cmp
DESCRIPTION The cmp command compares data from two files.
SYNTAX cmp [ options ] file1 file2
file1 Names of two files to be compared. If - is
file2 specified for file1, reads stdin until <CTRL/D>
and compares this data with file2.
OPTIONS -l Displays differences in long format: byte address where
differences (decimal) and data differences (octal).
-s Suppresses normal output and returns exit code only.
Returns 0 if files are identical, 1 if different, and
2 if an error occurred.
DOCUMENTATION cmp(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-col
DESCRIPTION The col command processes line overlays and half-line feeds
in text data.
SYNTAX col [ options ]
OPTIONS -b Specifies that output device does not have backspacing.
-f Suppresses moving half lines to next full line.
-x Suppresses conversion of white space to tabs.
DOCUMENTATION col(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-comb
DESCRIPTION The SCCS comb command combines delta versions of an SCCS file.
SYNTAX sccs comb [ options ] file...
file Name of each SCCS file to be processed.
OPTIONS -c Preserves specified deltas (-clist). All other deltas
are discarded.
-o Causes reconstructed file to be accessed at release of
delta to be created.
-p Indicates oldest delta number (-p#) to preserve.
-s Generates additional shell script that, when executed,
reports: file name, size (blocks) after combining, size
(blocks) of original, and percentage changed.
DOCUMENTATION comb(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
"An Introduction to the Source Code Control System" in the
ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 1
-comm
DESCRIPTION The comm command compares data from two sorted files.
SYNTAX comm [ options ] file1 file2
file1 Name of each file to be compared. If - is
file2 specified for either file1 or file2, reads
stdin until <CTRL/D> and compares input with
that from named file.
OPTIONS -1 Suppresses column one: lines in file1 only.
-2 Suppresses column two: lines in file2 only.
-3 Suppresses column three: lines in file1 and file2.
EXAMPLES comm -1 program1 program2
comm -23 program1 program2
DOCUMENTATION comm(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-cp
DESCRIPTION The cp command copies file data to another file or directory.
SYNTAX cp file1 file2
cp file... directory
file1 Name of file whose data is to be copied and
file2 name given file into which data is copied.
file Name of each file to be copied to directory.
directory Name of directory into which each file is copied.
EXAMPLES cp /usr/bin/program mycopy
cp program1 program2 program3 mydirectory
DOCUMENTATION cp(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-cpio
DESCRIPTION The cpio command copies files in and out of archive
libraries.
SYNTAX cpio option[key]
OPTIONS -i Copies in files that match the specified pattern
(next argument). If the pattern is not specified,
copies in all files.
-o Reads stdin until <CTRL/D> and copies out the
specified files.
-p Copies file into the specified directory (next
argument).
KEYS B Resets the access time of each copied file. Can be
used with the -o and -p.
S Swaps half words while copying files in. Used with
-i only.
6 Indicates file is in UNIX 6th edition format. Used
with -i only.
a Updates the access time of each copied file. Can
be used with -o and -p.
b Swaps both bytes and half words while copying files
in. Used with -i only.
c Creates header information in ASCII format. Used
with -i and -o.
d Creates directories as needed. Can be used with
-i and -o.
f Copies all files except those that match the
specified pattern. Used with -i only.
l Creates links wherever possible. Used with -p
only.
m Retains modification time for each copied file.
Can be used with -i and -p.
r Interactively renames files. Can be used with -i
and -p.
s Swaps bytes while copying files in. Used with
-i only.
t Displays the archive's table of contents or the
files created. Used with -i only.
u Copies files unconditionally. Can be used with -i
and -p.
v Displays detailed (verbose) information as it
copies and/or creates file.
DOCUMENTATION cpio(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-create
DESCRIPTION The SCCS create command creates new SCCS files.
SYNTAX sccs create file...
file Name of each SCCS file to be created.
DOCUMENTATION "An Introduction to the Source Code Control System" in the
ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 1
-csh
DESCRIPTION The csh command provides an interactive command interpreter
that has a full subset of options, special characters, and
control flow constructs.
SYNTAX csh [ options ] [ arg... ]
arg Name of each command to be executed and command
options and arguments, if any. If not specified,
invokes csh for interactive execution.
OPTIONS -V Displays verbose information as input is read, even
before .cshrc file is read.
-X Display command sequence before execution, even before
.cshrc file is read.
-c Reads commands from specified file (next argument).
-e Exits if any command terminates abnormally.
-f Invokes fast startup: does not read .cshrc file.
-i Invokes interactive shell (default).
-n Reads commands only: does not execute them.
-s Reads input from stdin.
-t Exits after one command.
-v Displays verbose information as input is read.
-x Display command sequence before execution.
DOCUMENTATION csh(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
"An introduction to the C shell" in the ULTRIX-11 Supplementary
Documents, Volume 1
-csplit
DESCRIPTION The csplit command splits the specified file into
smaller sized files.
SYNTAX csplit [ options ] file arg...
file Name of the file that is to be processed.
arg Each context pattern string that determines how
the file is to be split up.
OPTIONS -f Uses the specified string (-fstring) as a name
prefix for all created files. If not specified,
uses xx prefix.
-k Does not remove all created files if an error
occurs. If not specified, removes all created
files on error.
-s Suppresses all character count displays. If not
specified, displays character count for each file
created.
DOCUMENTATION csplit(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-ctags
DESCRIPTION The ctags command creates a tags file for the ex editor
from the specified C, PASCAL, or FORTRAN source file.
SYNTAX ctags [ options ] file...
file Name of each file to be processed.
OPTIONS -B Uses backward pattern search.
-F Uses forward pattern search.
-a Appends information to an existing tags file.
-t Create typedef tags.
-u Updates the specified tags file.
-v Produces an index for the generated output.
-w Suppresses all diagnostic information.
-x Generates a cross reference listing.
DOCUMENTATION ctags(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-ctrace
DESCRIPTION The ctrace command traces the statement-by-statement
execution of the specified C program.
SYNTAX ctrace [ options ] [ file ]
file Name of the C program to be processed. If not
specified, reads stdin until <CTRL/D> and
processes this input.
OPTIONS -P Runs the preprocessor on input before tracing its
execution.
-e Prints variables in floating point.
-f Traces only the specified functions (next
arguments).
-l Uses the specified number (next argument) as the
number of consecutive statements to be checked for
loop tracing. If not specified, checks 20.
-o Prints variables in octal format.
-p Changes the print function according to the
specified prefix (next argument).
-r Uses the specified file (next argument) in place of
the runtime.c trace package.
-s Suppresses redundant trace output.
-t Traces the specified number (next argument) of
variables per statement. If not specified, traces
10.
-u Prints variables in unsigned format.
-v Traces all but the specified functions (next
arguments).
-x Prints variable in hexadecimal format.
DOCUMENTATION ctrace(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-cu
DESCRIPTION The cu command allows you to call and connect to a remote
system.
SYNTAX cu phone [ options ]
phone Telephone number to be called.
OPTIONS -# Uses specified number (#) as communications line special
file.
-a Uses specified special file (next argument) as ACU (auto
call unit). If not specified, uses /dev/cua0.
-l Uses specified special file (next argument) as the
communications device. If not specified, uses /dev/cu10.
-s Uses specified speed (next argument) as the baud rate.
If not specified, uses 300.
-t Dials out to terminal.
DOCUMENTATION tip(1c) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-cut
DESCRIPTION The cut command deletes selected fields of each line
from the specified files.
SYNTAX cut [ options ] file...
file Name of each file to be processed. If not
specified, reads stdin until <CTRL/D> and
processes this input.
OPTIONS -c Specifies the character positions to be cut out
(-clist).
-d Uses the specified character (-dx) as the field
delimiter. If not specified, uses a tab.
-f Specifies the fields (-flist) to be cut out.
-s Suppresses all lines with no delimiter characters.
If not specified, lines with no delimiters are
passed through untouched. Used with the -f
option only.
DOCUMENTATION cut(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-date
DESCRIPTION The date command displays the current date and time.
SYNTAX date [ -u ]
OPTIONS -u Displays time in GMT.
EXAMPLES date
date -u
DOCUMENTATION date(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-dc
DESCRIPTION The dc command provides an interactive desktop calculator
that has a full language subset.
SYNTAX dc [ file ]
file Name of file from which data is to be read.
DOCUMENTATION dc(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
"DC--An Interactive Desk Calculator" in the ULTRIX-11
Supplementary Documents, Volume 2
-dcat
DESCRIPTION The dcat command concatenates the contents of the
specified DECnet files.
SYNTAX dcat [ options ] file...
file Name of each DECnet file to be processed.
OPTIONS -d Displays debugging information in Data Access
Protocol (DAP) message trace format.
-v Displays the name of each DECnet file as processed.
DOCUMENTATION dcat(1d) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
DECnet ULTRIX documentation
-dcp
DESCRIPTION The dcp command copies the specified file to and from
DECnet nodes.
SYNTAX dcp [ options ] ifile ofile
ifile Name of each DECnet input file specification.
ofile Name of each DECnet output file specification.
OPTIONS -A Appends each input file to the specified output
file.
-P Copies and displays the name of each output file
on close.
-S Copies and executes each output file on the remote
system.
-a Copies each specified input file in ASCII mode.
-d Displays debugging information in Data Access
Protocol (DAP) message trace format.
-i Copies each specified input file in image mode.
-v Displays the name of each DECnet file processed on
stderr.
DOCUMENTATION dcp(1d) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
DECnet ULTRIX documentation
-dd
DESCRIPTION The dd command copies and converts file data.
SYNTAX dd [ keyword ]
KEYWORDS if= Name of input file.
of= Name of output file.
ibs= Sets input block size to # bytes. If not specified,
defaults to 512.
obs= Sets output block size to # bytes. If not specified,
defaults to 512.
bs= Sets input and output block size to # bytes.
If specified, overrides ibs= and obs= keywords.
cbs= Sets conversion buffer size to # bytes. Required with
conv= keyword.
skip= Skips # records before copying.
files= Copies # files.
seek= Seeks to #th record on output file before copying.
count= Copies # input records.
conv= Converts data: ascii (EBCDIC to ASCII), ebcdic (ASCII
to EBCDIC), ibm (ASCII to EBCDIC, for IBM print chain),
lcase (alphabetics to lower case), ucase (alphabetics
to upper case), swap (swap every pair of bytes),
noerror (continue on error), and sync (pad input
records to input buffer size).
EXAMPLES dd if=/dev/rht0 of=myfile ibs=800 cbs=80 conv=ascii,lcase
DOCUMENTATION dd(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-deledit
DESCRIPTION The SCCS deledit command, first, makes a new delta and, then,
gets that delta for editing.
SYNTAX sccs deledit file...
file Name of each SCCS file to be processed.
DOCUMENTATION "An Introduction to the Source Code Control System" in the
ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 1
-delget
DESCRIPTION The SCCS delget command, first, makes a new delta and, then,
get a copy of that delta.
SYNTAX sccs delget file...
file Name of each SCCS file to be processed.
DOCUMENTATION "An Introduction to the Source Code Control System" in the
ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 1
-delta
DESCRIPTION The SCCS delta command saves all changes made to an SCCS file
by creating a new delta.
SYNTAX sccs delta [ options ] file
file Name of SCCS file to be processed.
OPTIONS -g Ignores specified list of deltas (-gstring).
-m Indicates the modification request number.
-n Does not delete edited file.
-p Displays differences before and after delta is applied.
-r Indicates new delta release number (-r#).
-s Suppresses all messages.
-y Creates delta with specified commentary (-ystring).
DOCUMENTATION delta(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
"An Introduction to the Source Code Control System" in the
ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 1
-deroff
DESCRIPTION The deroff command removes eqn, nroff, tbl, and troff coding
from each specified file.
SYNTAX deroff [ -w ] file...
file Name of each file to be processed.
OPTIONS -w Produces word list (one word per line) in place of normal
output.
DOCUMENTATION deroff(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-diff
DESCRIPTION The diff command displays text differences between files.
SYNTAX diff [ options ] file1 file2
file1 Names of files whose differences are to be
file2 displayed. If - is specified for either file,
reads stdin until <CTRL/D> in place of that file.
Then, it displays differences between named file
and this input. If a directory is specified for
either file, uses file in that directory with
same name as named file. Then, it displays
differences in their data.
OPTIONS -D Uses specified string (-Dstring) and creates merged
version of file1 and file2.
-S Beginning with the specified file (next argument)
compares the files in the current directory.
-b Ignores all trailing blanks.
-c Displays specified number of context lines (-c#)
with each output line. If number is not specified,
displays three context lines.
-e Writes output to ed script.
-f Writes output to script, but in the reverse order.
-h Makes hasty (quick) comparison.
-l Displays output in long format.
-r Recursively checks all files in common subdirectories.
-s Displays names of files that are the same.
DOCUMENTATION diff(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-diff3
DESCRIPTION The diff3 command compares the data in three specified
files.
SYNTAX diff3 [ options ] file1 file2 file3
file1 Name of each file to be processed.
file2
file3
OPTIONS -3 Produces an ed editor script containing the changes
between file1 and file2 that are to be incorporated
into file3.
-e Produces an ed editor script containing the changes
between file2 and file3 that are to be incorporated
into file1.
-x Produces an ed editor script containing the changes
between all three files.
DOCUMENTATION diff3(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-dlogin
DESCRIPTION The dlogin command allows you to log in to a remote
DECnet host node.
SYNTAX dlogin node [ options ]
node Name of the remote DECnet host node.
OPTIONS -e Uses the specified character (next argument) as the
dlogin escape character. If not specified, uses ~
as the escape character.
-l Uses the specified file (next argument) as the
logfile for this session.
DOCUMENTATION dlogin(1d) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
DECnet ULTRIX documentation
-dls
DESCRIPTION The dls command lists the contents of or generates
statistics for the specified DECnet directory or file.
SYNTAX dls [ options ] file
file File specification for the remote DECnet
directory or file.
OPTIONS -C Lists the directory contents in multicolumn format.
-1 Lists the directory contents in single column
format.
-a Lists all files including . and .. in an ULTRIX
directory.
-d Displays debugging information in Data Access
Protocol (DAP) message trace format.
-l Displays statistics for the contents of the DECnet
directory in long format.
DOCUMENTATION dls(1d) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
DECnet ULTRIX documentation
-drm
DESCRIPTION The drm command removes the specified file from a remote
DECnet directory.
SYNTAX drm [ -d ] file
file File specification for the remote DECnet file.
OPTIONS -d Displays debugging information in Data Access
Protocol (DAP) message trace format.
DOCUMENTATION drm(1d) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
DECnet ULTRIX documentation
-du
DESCRIPTION The du command displays the amount of disk usage for each
specified directory or file.
SYNTAX du [ options ] [ name... ]
name Name of each directory or file for which usage
summary is generated. If not specified, uses
current directory.
OPTIONS -a Displays disk usage for all files.
-s Displays only summary total.
DOCUMENTATION du(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-echo
DESCRIPTION The echo command writes each specified argument to stdout.
SYNTAX echo [ -n ] [ string... ]
string Each argument to be written to stdout. The echo
command separates all arguments with blanks and
terminates string with a newline.
OPTIONS -n Suppresses newlines from output.
DOCUMENTATION echo(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-ed
DESCRIPTION The ed command provides an interactive, line-oriented editor
that has a full subset of commands.
SYNTAX ed [ - ] [ file ]
file Name of file to be edited. The ed command edits
a copy of the named file and update source file only
when the write command (w) is invoked. If not
specified, edits unnamed temporary file.
OPTIONS - Suppresses all character count displays. Normally, ed
displays a character count when invoked, whenever
you edit another file (e), read in data from another
file (r), or write out to file (w).
DOCUMENTATION ed(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
"A Tutorial Introduction to the UNIX Text Editor" and "Advanced
Editing on UNIX" in the ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents,
Volume 1
-edit
DESCRIPTION The SCCS edit command gets an SCCS file for editing.
SYNTAX sccs edit [ options ] file
file Name of the SCCS file to be processed.
OPTIONS -b Creates a branch.
-i Includes specified list of deltas (-istring).
-r Indicates delta number (-r#) to get for editing.
-x Excludes specified list of deltas (-xstring).
DOCUMENTATION "An Introduction to the Source Code Control System" in the
ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 1
-egrep
DESCRIPTION The egrep command performs a fast search of each specified file
for the designated extended expression.
SYNTAX egrep [ options ] [ string ] [ file... ]
string Pattern to be searched for.
file Name of each file to be searched.
OPTIONS -b Precedes each output line with its block number.
-c Produces count of matching lines only.
-e Uses specified expression (next argument) that begins with
minus (-).
-f Uses specified file (next argument) for input of regular
expression.
-h Suppresses file name headers from output.
-l Lists files and matching lines only once, separated by
newline.
-n Precedes each matching line with its line number.
-s Suppresses output and displays return code only: 0, if
match found; 1, if none; 2, if error occurred.
-v Displays all lines that do not match specified expression.
DOCUMENTATION grep(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-eqn
DESCRIPTION The eqn command provides a formatter for mathematic equations.
SYNTAX eqn [ options ] [ file... ]
file Name of each file to be processed. If not specified,
reads stdin until <CTRL/D> and processes this input.
OPTIONS -d Sets text delimiters to specified characters (-dxy).
Both delimiters can be set to same character.
-f Sets font to specified font number (-f#).
-p Reduces point size by the specified points (-p#).
-s Sets equation size to specified number (-s#).
DOCUMENTATION eqn(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
"Typesetting Mathematics--User's Guide" in the ULTRIX-11
Supplementary Documents, Volume 1
-error
DESCRIPTION The error command analyzes and disperses compiler and
processor error messages back into the source file.
SYNTAX error [ options ] [ file ]
file Name of the source file to be processed. If
not specified, reads stdin until <CTRL/D> and
processes this input.
OPTIONS -I Ignores the functions listed in the specified file
(next argument).
-n Displays error messages at stderr but does not
merge them back into the source file.
-q Prompts before touching the source file.
-s Displays statistics for each error type.
-t Does not touch those files that match the specified
suffix (next argument).
-v Invokes the vi editor on each file that had been
touched.
DOCUMENTATION error(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-ex
DESCRIPTION The ex command provides an interactive, line-oriented editor
that has a display feature and a full subset of commands.
SYNTAX ex [ options ] [ +cmd ] file...
+cmd Starts edit session with specified command (cmd).
file Name of each file to be edited. If more than one
file is specified, edits each file in succession.
For further information, read about the :n command
in the ex manual page.
OPTIONS - Suppresses all character count displays. Normally, ex
displays a character count upon being invoked, whenever
you edit another file (e), read-in data from another
file (r), or write out to a file (w).
-l Sets up edit session for LISP.
-r Recovers edit session lost during a system crash.
-t Searches file for and begins session at occurrence of
specified string (next argument).
-v Invokes full-screen text display (equivalent to vi editor).
DOCUMENTATION ex(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
"Ex Reference Manual" in the ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents,
Volume 1
-expand
DESCRIPTION The expand command expands all tabs in each specified
file to spaces.
SYNTAX expand [ options ] [ file... ]
file Name of each file to be processed. If not
specified, reads stdin until <CTRL/D> and
processes this input.
OPTIONS -# Sets tab stops the specified number of spaces (#)
apart. If more than one number is specified (comma
separated), sets them at the specified columns.
DOCUMENTATION expand(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-expr
DESCRIPTION The expr command evaluates each specified expression.
SYNTAX expr expression...
expression Name of each expression to be evaluated.
For list of expressions, read the expr
manual page.
DOCUMENTATION expr(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-f
DESCRIPTION The f command displays information about all users
that are currently logged on the system.
SYNTAX f
DOCUMENTATION finger(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-f77
DESCRIPTION The f77 command compiles and links FORTRAN 77 programs.
SYNTAX f77 [ options ] file...
file Name of each FORTRAN 77 source file to be
processed.
OPTIONS -C Runs the compiler and checks that all subscripts
are within declared boundaries.
-E Uses specified character (-Ex) as the EFL option.
-F Runs the EFL and Ratfor preprocessors only.
-N Uses specified key and numbers (-N[key]nnn) to
change the static compiler tables. The keys are:
c Maximum depth for control statements. The
default is 20.
n Maximum number of identifiers. The default
is 401.
q Maximum number of equivalenced variables.
The default is 150.
s Maximum number of statement numbers. The
default is 201.
x Maximum number of external names. The
default is 200.
-O Uses the object code optimizer (/lib/c2).
-R Uses the specified string (-Rstring) for a Ratfor
option.
-S Compiles files and writes output to .s files.
-T Uses specified key and name (-T[key]name) as
substitute compiler pass. The keys are:
F Substitutes named file for /lib/crt0.
M Substitutes named file for /usr/bin/m4.
1 Substitutes named file for /usr/c/oc1.
2 Substitutes named file for /usr/c/oc2.
a Substitutes named file for /bin/as.
l Substitutes named file for /bin/ld.
-V Generates code suitable for overlaid programs.
-c Suppresses loading and produces .o files.
-f Uses the floating point interpreter.
-m Uses the m4 preprocessor.
-o Write output to the specified file (next
argument).
-onetrip Compiles do loops that are used only once.
-p Displays count of times each routine is called.
-u Makes default variable type "undefined".
DOCUMENTATION f77(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
"A Portable Fortran 77 Compiler" in the ULTRIX-11
Supplementary Documents, Volume 2
-factor
DESCRIPTION The factor command factors the specified number.
SYNTAX factor [ num ]
num Number to be factored. If not specified, reads
stdin until number is typed and displays its prime
factors.
EXAMPLES factor 36
DOCUMENTATION factor(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-false
DESCRIPTION The false command forces an unsuccessful exit status.
SYNTAX false
DOCUMENTATION true(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-fgrep
DESCRIPTION The fgrep command performs a fast, compact search of each
specified file for the designated fixed pattern.
SYNTAX fgrep [ options ] [ string ] [ file... ]
string Pattern to be searched for.
file Name of each file to be searched.
OPTIONS -b Precedes each output line with its block number.
-c Produces count of matching lines only.
-e Uses specified expression (next argument) that begins with
minus (-).
-f Uses specified file (next argument) for input of regular
expression.
-h Suppresses file name headers from output.
-l Lists files and matching lines only once, separated by
newline.
-n Precedes each matching line with its line number.
-s Suppresses output and displays return code only: 0, if
match found; 1, if none; 2, if error occurred.
-v Displays all lines that do not match specified expression.
-x Displays only lines that match in their entirety.
DOCUMENTATION grep(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-file
DESCRIPTION The file command attempts to determine the file type of each
specified file.
SYNTAX file file...
file Name of each file whose data type is to be determined.
DOCUMENTATION file(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-find
DESCRIPTION The find command attempts to locate each specified file.
SYNTAX find path expression
path Pathname of directories to be searched for files
that match specified expression.
EXPRESSIONS -atime Tests if file has been accessed in specified number
of days (next argument).
-exec Tests true if specified command (next argument)
returns a 0 on exit.
-group Tests if group ID matches specified group name (next
argument).
-inum Tests if file has specified inode number (next
argument).
-links Tests if file has specified number of links (next
argument).
-mtime Tests if file has been modified in specified number
of days (next argument).
-name Tests if file has specified name (next argument).
-newer Tests if file has been modified more recently than
the specified file (next argument).
-ok Executes the specified command (next argument) and
displays output to stdout.
-perm Tests if file has specified (octal) mode (next
argument).
-print Prints current pathname.
-size Tests if file has specified number of blocks (next
argument).
-type Tests if file is specified type (next argument).
-user Tests if file owner is specified user (next argument).
DOCUMENTATION find(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-finger
DESCRIPTION The finger command displays personal information about
each user who has an account on the system.
SYNTAX finger [ options ] [ user... ]
user Login name of each user whose finger information is
to be displayed. If not specified, displays summary
list for all users currently logged in.
OPTIONS -b Uses slightly briefer display.
-f Suppresses normal header.
-h Suppresses project information (.project) from display.
-i Displays quick list that includes all idle time.
-l Displays output in long format.
-p Suppresses plan information (.plan) from display.
-q Displays a quick list only.
-s Displays output in short format.
-w Displays output in narrow format.
EXAMPLES finger
finger bill jones mary
finger -q
DOCUMENTATION finger(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-fix
DESCRIPTION The SCCS fix command removes the current delta and gets the
earlier delta for edit.
SYNTAX sccs fix file...
file Name of each SCCS file to be processed.
DOCUMENTATION "An Introduction to the Source Code Control System" in the
ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 1
-fmt
DESCRIPTION The fmt command formats text into single column
paragraphs.
SYNTAX fmt [ file ]
file Name of the file to be processed. If not
specified, reads stdin until <CTRL/D> and
processes this input.
DOCUMENTATION fmt(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-from
DESCRIPTION The from command displays whom your mail is from.
SYNTAX from [ options ]
OPTIONS -f Uses specified file (next argument) instead of your
normal mail file. If this option is used, but file
argument is not specified, reads your mbox file.
-s Determines if any new mail from specified user (next
argument).
EXAMPLES from
from -f
from -f -s mary
DOCUMENTATION from(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-ftp
DESCRIPTION The ftp command provides an interactive, user interface
to the ARPANET standard File Transfer Protocol.
SYNTAX ftp [ options ] [ system ]
system Name of the destination system. If not
specified, uses the system named by the
subcommand.
OPTIONS -d Enables debugging.
-g Disables file name expansion.
-i Disables prompting during multiple file transfers.
-n Disables autologin during an initial connection.
-v Displays all responses from the remote server as
well as all data transfer statistics.
DOCUMENTATION ftp(1c) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-get
DESCRIPTION The SCCS get command gets a copy of an SCCS file.
SYNTAX sccs get [ options ] file...
file Name of each SCCS file to be processed.
OPTIONS -a Retrieves the specified delta sequence number (-a#).
-b Gets delta from new branch. Must be used with -e option.
-c Does not apply to deltas created after specified date
(-cdate).
-e Gets specified delta version for edit.
-g Suppresses getting text from delta.
-i Includes specified list of deltas (-istring).
-k Does not expand ID keywords.
-l Writes delta summary to l-file. If optional p key is also
specified (-lp), writes delta summary to stdout only.
-m Precedes each text line with delta version number.
-n Precedes each text line with identification keyword.
-p Writes text to stdout.
-r Indicates specified delta version number (-r#).
-s Suppresses all messages.
-t Gets most recently created (top) delta.
-x Excludes specified list of deltas (-xstring).
DOCUMENTATION get(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
"An Introduction to the Source Code Control System" in the
ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 1
-getopt
DESCRIPTION The getopt command parses and checks options that are
specified on the command line.
SYNTAX set - `getopt string $*`
string Alphanumeric list of option letters.
DOCUMENTATION getopt(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-graph
DESCRIPTION The graph command draws a graph from the specified options.
SYNTAX graph [ options ]
OPTIONS -a Supplies abcissas automatically (not in input) and uses
next two arguments to set spacing and starting point.
-b Breaks graph after each label in input.
-c Uses specified string (next argument) as label.
-g Uses specified number (next argument) in setting up grid
style: 0 (no grid), 1 (frame with ticks), and 3 (full
grid). If not specified, uses 3.
-h Uses specified number (next argument) as fraction of space
for height.
-l Uses specified string (next argument) as graph label.
-m Uses specified number (next argument) in setting up line
mode: 0 (disconnected) and 1 (connected). If not
specified, uses 1.
-r Uses specified number (next argument) as fraction of space
to right before plotting.
-s Saves screen (no erase) before plotting.
-t Transposes vertical and horizontal axises.
-u Uses specified number (next argument) as fraction of space
up before plotting.
-w Uses specified number (next argument) as fraction of space
for width.
-x Determines x axis logarithmically.
-y Determines y axis logarithmically.
DOCUMENTATION graph(1g) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-greek
DESCRIPTION The greek command provides a filter that re-interprets
all characters typed at your terminal to an extended
character set.
SYNTAX greek [ option ]
OPTIONS -T Uses the specified name (next argument) as the
terminal type.
DOCUMENTATION greek(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-grep
DESCRIPTION The grep command searches each specified file for the
designated regular expression.
SYNTAX grep [ options ] string [ file... ]
string Pattern to be searched for. Patterns are limited
to regular expressions.
file Name of each file to be searched.
OPTIONS -b Precedes each output line with its block number.
-c Produces count of matching lines only.
-e Uses specified expression (next argument) that begins with
minus (-).
-h Suppresses file name headers from output.
-l Lists files and matching lines only once, separated by
newline.
-n Precedes each matching line with its line number.
-s Suppresses output and display return code only: 0, if
match found; 1, if none; 2, if error occurred.
-v Displays all lines that do not match specified expression.
-y Matches lowercase letters with uppercase.
DOCUMENTATION grep(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-help
DESCRIPTION The help command displays on-line help information.
SYNTAX help [ arg... ]
arg Menu, command, term, file, or kernel error
message for which you want help information
displayed. If not specified, displays help
welcome menu.
DOCUMENTATION help(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
ULTRIX-11 Help Facility Overview
-hostid
DESCRIPTION The hostid command displays the name of your current
host system.
SYNTAX hostid
DOCUMENTATION hostid(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-hostname
DESCRIPTION The hostname command displays your system's name.
SYNTAX hostname
DOCUMENTATION hostname(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-info
DESCRIPTION The SCCS info command displays information about those SCCS
files currently being edited.
SYNTAX sccs info [ options ]
OPTIONS -b Ignores branches.
-u Displays information for SCCS files edited by specified
user only (-uname).
DOCUMENTATION "An Introduction to the Source Code Control System" in the
ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 1
-ipcrm
DESCRIPTION The ipcrm command removes the specified interprocess
communication identifier.
SYNTAX ipcrm [ options ]
OPTIONS -Q Removes the message queue identifier specified
by message key (next argument).
-S Removes the message queue identifier specified
by semaphore key (next argument).
-q Removes the specified message queue identifier
(next argument).
-s Removes the specified semaphore queue identifier
(next argument).
DOCUMENTATION ipcrm(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-ipcs
DESCRIPTION The ipcs command displays the status information for
the current interprocess facilities.
SYNTAX ipcs [ options ]
OPTIONS -C Uses the specified core file (next argument) in
place of /dev/kmem.
-N Uses the specified namelist (next argument) in
place of /unix.
-a Uses all display options (shorthand for -b, -c,
-o, -p, and -t).
-b Displays the biggest allowable size information
(maximum bytes in message and semaphores).
-c Displays creator's login and group names.
-o Displays the outstanding usage information
(number of messages in queue and size of each).
-p Displays the process ID information (last process
to send and first process to receive).
-q Displays information about active message queues.
-s Displays information about active semaphore queues.
-t Displays all time statistics.
DOCUMENTATION ipcs(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-join
DESCRIPTION The join command joins the data from two specified files.
SYNTAX join [ options ] file1 file2
file1 Names of files whose data is to be joined.
file2
OPTIONS -a Produces additional line for unpaired lines from
specified file (-an).
-e Uses specified replacement string (next argument)
for all empty output fields (-e string).
-j Joins mth field in nth file (-jn m).
-o Uses specified list of fields (next argument) for
output lines (-o n.m).
-t Sets tab character (-tc).
DOCUMENTATION join(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-kill
DESCRIPTION The kill command sends a signal to the specified process.
SYNTAX kill [ -signal ] pid...
pid Process ID number of each process to receive signal.
SIGNALS Signal number to be sent. If not specified, sends signal 15
(terminate). The signal most frequently sent is 9 (kill).
Other signals sent by users are:
1 Hangup (SIGHUP)
2 Interrupt (SIGINT)
3 Quit (SIGQUIT)
4 Illegal instruction (SIGILL)
5 Trace trap (SIGTRAP)
6 IOT instruction (SIGIOT)
7 EMT instruction (SIGEMT)
8 Floating point exception (SIGFPE)
9 Kill process (SIGKILL)
10 Bus error (SIGBUS)
11 Segmentation violation (SIGSEGV)
12 Bad system call (SIGSYS)
13 Write to pipe with no one to read (SIGPIPE)
14 Alarm clock (SIGALRM)
15 Software termination (SIGTERM)
30 User-defined signal 1 (SIGUSR1)
31 User-defined signal 2 (SIGUSR2)
EXAMPLES kill -9 12989
DOCUMENTATION kill(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-l11
DESCRIPTION The l11 command is the Macro-11 loader.
SYNTAX l11 [ option ] file...
file Name of each file to processed.
OPTIONS - Suppresses all normal diagnostic messages.
-K Precedes all global symbols with an underscore (_).
-c Writes output to .o files.
-go Preserves external symbols only in the output
symbol table (excludes all nongobal symbols).
-i Creates an output file with text and data in
separate address space.
-lp Prints the load map at the line printer.
-mp Displays the load map at your terminal.
-n Creates output file so text and data are shared
and readonly.
-no Runs pass1 and exits (does not create output file).
-ns Strips symbol table and relocation bits from output
file.
-r Generates relocation bits in output file.
-v Displays detailed (verbose) diagnostic information.
DOCUMENTATION l11(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-last
DESCRIPTION The last command displays the last login times for
each specified user.
SYNTAX last [ options ] [ user... ] [ tty... ]
user Login name of each user for which information
is to be specified. If not specified, displays
all login records.
tty Name of each tty for which the information is
to be restricted. If not specified, displays
information for all terminals.
OPTIONS -# Limits the number of output lines to the specified
number (#).
DOCUMENTATION last(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-ld
DESCRIPTION The ld command loads (combines) compiled C modules into one
executable program.
SYNTAX ld [ options ] file...
file Name of each compiled C program module to be
combined into one executable program.
OPTIONS -D Uses specified number (next argument) as size of data
segment.
-L Marks end of all overlays.
-O Loads overlaid file.
-X Saves local symbols but those beginning with capital L.
-Z Marks beginning of all overlays.
-d Forces definition of common storage.
-e Uses specified location (next argument) as entry point.
-i Sets up separate instruction and data address space (data
starts at location 0).
-l Searches specified path (-lpath) for library.
-n Loads text segment as read only (shared text).
-o Uses specified file (next argument) as output file. If
not specified, uses a.out.
-r Generates relocation bits for another loader run.
-s Strips symbol table and relocation bits from output.
-u Enters specified symbol (next argument) in symbol table.
-x Enters only external symbols in symbol table.
DOCUMENTATION ld(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-learn
DESCRIPTION The learn command provides computer-aided instruction about
your ULTRIX-11 system.
SYNTAX learn [ -directory ] [ subject [ lesson [ speed ] ] ]
-directory Runs script from specified directory.
subject Subject about which you want instruction.
CAI exists for: editor, eqn, files, macros,
morefiles, and C. If not specified, prompts
you for desired subject.
lesson Last lesson number. If specified, learn resumes
with the next lesson.
speed Level of difficulty.
DOCUMENTATION learn(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
"LEARN--Computer-Aided Instruction on UNIX" in the ULTRIX-11
Supplementary Documents, Volume 1
-lex
DESCRIPTION The lex command generates programs that are to be used for
lexically analyzing text files.
SYNTAX lex [ options ] [ file... ]
file Name of each file that contains a regular expression
and its corresponding actions. If not specified,
reads stdin until <CTRL/D> and uses this as input.
OPTIONS -f Runs a faster compilation (does not pack resulting
tables).
-n Prints no summary information (default option).
-t Writes output to stdout instead of a source file.
-v Prints one line summary of generated statistics.
DOCUMENTATION lex(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
"Lex--A Lexical Analyzer Generator in the ULTRIX-11
Supplementary Documents, Volume 2
-line
DESCRIPTION The line command reads one line from stdin and writes it
to stdout.
SYNTAX line
DOCUMENTATION line(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-lint
DESCRIPTION The lint program checks C programs.
SYNTAX lint [ options ] file...
file Name of each C program to be checked.
OPTIONS -a Reports assignments of long values to integer variables.
-b Reports break statements that cannot be reached.
-c Reports casts which have questionable portability.
-h Applies heuristic tests to detect bugs, improve style,
and reduce waste.
-n Does not check compatibility with standard library.
-p Checks portability to IBM and GCOS dialects of C.
-u Ignores all used functions and variables that are
not defined or all defined functions and variables that
are not used.
-v Ignores all unused arguments in functions.
-x Reports all external variables that are not used.
DOCUMENTATION lint(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
"Lint, a C Program Checker" in the ULTRIX-11 Supplementary
Documents, Volume 1
-ln
DESCRIPTION The ln command creates a new directory entry (link) to an
existing file.
SYNTAX ln [ options ] file1 [ file2 ]
file1 Name of existing file and name given to new
file2 directory entry (link). If not specified, uses
name of existing file.
OPTIONS -f Forces a link to an existing directory. This option is
restricted to use by the superuser only.
-s Creates a symbolic link.
EXAMPLES ln /staff/fred/bin/program1 mycopy
ln program1 /staff/dave/bin/mycopy
DOCUMENTATION ln(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-login
DESCRIPTION The login command allows you to log in to an ULTRIX-11 system.
Normally, the login command is automatically invoked at your
terminal during multiuser startup.
SYNTAX login [ user ]
user Login name of user. If not specified, prompts for
user name.
DOCUMENTATION login(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-look
DESCRIPTION The look command finds lines in sorted data that begin with
the specified pattern.
SYNTAX look [ options ] string [ file ]
string Pattern to be searched for.
file Name of file to be searched. If not specified,
uses /usr/dict/words with the -df options.
OPTIONS -d Uses dictionary order: letters, digits, tabs, and blanks.
-f Folds upper case to lower case (compares equally).
DOCUMENTATION look(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-lookbib
DESCRIPTION The lookbib command reads stdin until a <CTRL/D> for
keywords and searches the bibliography database for
all references to the specified keywords.
SYNTAX lookbib [ file... ]
file Name of each file to be searched. If not
specified, searches /usr/dict/papers.
DOCUMENTATION refer(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Guide
-lorder
DESCRIPTION The lorder command finds the ordering relationships between
object files or library archive files.
SYNTAX lorder file...
file Name of each file to be processed.
DOCUMENTATION lorder(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-lpq
DESCRIPTION The lpq command displays the status of the line printer queue.
SYNTAX lpq [ options ] [ job... ] [ user... ]
job Number of each job for which status information is
displayed.
user Login name of each user for whom status information is
to be displayed.
OPTIONS -P Displays status for specified printer queue (-Pprinter).
-l Displays queue status in long format.
EXAMPLES lpq
lpq -Plp2 bill
DOCUMENTATION lpq(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-lpr
DESCRIPTION The lpr command submits jobs to the line printer queue.
SYNTAX lpr [ options ] [ file... ]
file Name of each file to be submitted. If not specified,
reads stdin until <CTRL/D> and submits this input.
OPTIONS -C Prints file with specified hostname in header (-Cname).
-J Prints each file with specified header name (-Jname)
instead file name on header.
-P Submits file to specified printer queue (-Pprinter).
-## Prints the specified number of copies (for example,
-#3).
-c Copies each file before submitting it to print queue.
-h Prints each file with specified header name (-hname)
instead of its file name.
-i Indents printout specified number of spaces (-i#).
If number is not specified, defaults to 8.
-m Mails a job completion message.
-p Paginates printout.
-r Removes each file after submitting it to printer queue.
DOCUMENTATION lpr(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-lprm
DESCRIPTION The lprm command removes jobs submitted to the printer queue.
SYNTAX lprm [ options ] [ job... ] [ user... ]
job Number of each job that is to be removed.
user Login name of each user whose jobs are to be removed.
OPTIONS - Removes all jobs owned by you only.
-P Removes jobs from specified printer queue (-Pprinter).
EXAMPLES lprm
lprm -Plp2 bill
lprm 438
DOCUMENTATION lprm(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-ls
DESCRIPTION The ls command lists and generates statistics on files.
SYNTAX ls [ options ] [ file... ]
file Name of each directory or file for which a list
and/or statistics are to be generated. If not
specified, lists and/or generates statistics for
all files in your current directory.
OPTIONS -C Forces multicolumn output for a pipe or filter.
-F Marks directories with slash (/) and executable files with
an asterisk (*).
-R Recursively lists all subdirectories.
-1 Displays one entry per line.
-a Displays all entries (including those beginning with
a period (.).
-b Displays nonprintable characters as \nnn (octal).
-c Sorts entries by time of creation, not by name.
-d Displays names of directories only, not contents.
-f Displays names in the order they exist in directory.
-g Displays group ID, not owner ID (used with -l only).
-i Displays corresponding inumbers (column 1) for all files.
-l Displays file statistics: mode (permissions), link count,
owner, size (bytes), and time last modified.
-m Forces stream output, not multicolumn format.
-q Displays nonprintable characters as a question mark (?).
-r Sorts entries in reverse alphabetic or time order.
-s Displays size in blocks (including indirect blocks).
-t Sorts by time modified (latest first), not by name.
-u Sorts by time last accessed (latest first), not by name.
-x Forces sorted columnar printing (usually one column/page).
DOCUMENTATION ls(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-ltf
DESCRIPTION The ltf command (Labeled Tape Facility) reads and writes
Versions 3 and 4 ANSI-compatible tape volumes.
SYNTAX ltf option[keys] file...
file Name of each file to be processed.
OPTIONS -c Creates a new tape volume.
-t Lists the names of each file on the volume.
-x Extracts each named file from the volume.
KEYS B Uses the specified number (next argument) as
the blocking factor on write operations. If not
specified, sets the blocking factor to 2048-bytes
(maximum allowed).
I Reads the file names to be processed from the
specified file (next argument). If - is specified
as the file, reads stdin and prompts for all
required information.
L Uses the specified six characters (next argument)
as the volume label.
O Omits headers the optional headers HDR3-HDR9.
P Positions the volume at the specified file sequence
and section number (next argument) before beginning
the requested action (-t and -x options only).
R Uses the specified number (next argument) as the
the volume record length. If not specified, sets
record length to 512-bytes.
V Displays verbose information about directories
as well as files on the volume.
0-9 Uses the specified tape unit number. Can be used
g, k, and n keys.
a Creates the volume in Version 3 ANSI-compatible
format. If not specified, uses Version 4 format.
f Uses the specified special file (next argument)
as the tape device name. If not specified, uses
/dev/rht0.
g Specifies 6250 GCR tape.
h Writes all files that are pointed to be a symbolic
link to the volume in place of recreating each
symbolic link on the volume.
k Specifies TK50 tape cartridge.
n Specifies 800 bpi tape.
o Omits directory blocks from the volume.
p Restores each file with its original mode, owner
(user ID), and group ID. Can be used with the
-x option and by the superuser only.
v Displays verbose information about files on the
volume only.
w Displays a warning if, when creating a volume (-c),
a file is in danger of being truncated or, when
extracting a file (-x), a file is in danger of
being overwritten.
EXAMPLES ltf -cfB /dev/rht1 100 file...
DOCUMENTATION ltf(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-m11
DESCRIPTION The m11 command is the Macro-11 assembler.
SYNTAX m11 [ options ] file...
file Name of each file to be assembled.
OPTIONS -cr Generates a cross reference list from the specified
keys(-cr:keys). The keys consist of a colon
separated list from: sym (user-defined symbols),
mac (macro names), per (permanent symbols), pse
(psect names), err (errors), and reg (registers).
-da Redefines default .asect attributes to specified
string (-da:string).
-de Mimics DEC Macro-11 assembly.
-dp Redefines either default .psect attributes and
unnamed .csect from specified string (-dp:string)
or default named .csect attribute (-dp:c).
-ds Simulates an initial .dsbl directive from the
specified string (-ds:string).
-en Simulates an initial .enabl directive from the
specified string (-en:string).
-fl Produces a listing in structured format.
-ha Mimics Harvard Macro-11 assembly.
-l0 Generates an error when PDP-11 instruction set does
not contain the op code.
-li Simulates an initial .list directive from the
specified string (-li:string).
-lp Spools assembly listing for printing.
-ls Generates assembly listing and writes it to .lst
file.
-lt Generates an assembly listing and writes it to
stdout.
-my Generates a listing as it appears after macro
expansion but excludes macro calls, conditional
directives, and so on.
-mx Same as -my option but includes macro calls,
conditional directives, and so on.
-na Uses specified name (-na:name) for output file.
-nl Simulates an initial .nlist directive from the
specified string (-nl:string).
-no Checks syntax and listing but does not produce
the object file.
-ns Does not include the symbol table in the object
file.
-sx Includes local symbols in the symbol table.
-u Treats form feeds as spaces.
-uc Simulates an initial .dsabl directive.
-um Converts all macro definitions to upper case.
-xs Generates the symbol table and macro storage with
the specified K words size (-xs:nn).
-xx Displays debugging information.
DOCUMENTATION m11(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-m4
DESCRIPTION The m4 command is a macro preprocessor for C, Ratfor,
and other languages.
SYNTAX m4 [ file... ]
file Name of each file to be processed. If not
specified, or if - is specified in file list,
reads stdin until <CTRL/D> and processes this
input.
DOCUMENTATION m4(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
"The M4 Processor" in the ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents,
Volume 2
-mail
DESCRIPTION The mail command provides an interactive program with a full
subset of commands for sending or reading mail messages.
SYNTAX mail [ options ] [ user... ]
user Login name of each user to which the message is sent.
If not specified, reads your mail account for messages.
OPTIONS -f Checks specified file (next argument) instead of your
normal account for mail.
-i Ignores all tty-generated interrupt signals.
-n Ignores /usr/lib/Mail.rc during startup.
-s Uses specified subject (next argument) for header.
-u Checks specified user's (next argument) account for mail.
-v Displays verbose delivery information.
DOCUMENTATION mail(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
"MAIL REFERENCE MANUAL" in the ULTRIX-11 Supplementary
Documents, Volume 1
-make
DESCRIPTION The make command updates program groups.
SYNTAX make [ options ] file...
OPTIONS -b Runs in compatibility mode for old makefiles.
-d Displays detailed information about file and times
examined (debug mode).
-e Overrides makefile assignments with environment variables.
-f Uses specified file (next argument) as input. If not
specified, uses makefile and Makefile, respectively,
in current directory . If - is specified, reads
stdin until <CTRL/D> and uses this as input.
-i Ignores returned error codes.
-k Stops processing current entry on nonzero return, but
continues with other branches that do not depend on that
entry.
-m Displays memory map: text, data, and stack.
-n Displays but does not execute commands needed to
update target programs.
-p Displays macro definitions and target descriptions.
-q Returns zero exit status if file is updated or nonzero
exit status if file is not updated.
-r Does not use built-in rules.
-s Does not display commands before execution (silent mode).
-t Touches (updates) modification date only of each target
program.
DOCUMENTATION make(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
"Make--A Program for Maintaining Computer Programs" in the
ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual, Vol. 2A
-man
DESCRIPTION The man command displays manual pages at your terminal.
SYNTAX man [ options ] [ section ] title...
section Section of the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual.
If not specified, searches all sections.
title Name of user command, system call, subroutine,
special file, file format, game, or maintenance
command to be displayed.
OPTIONS - Squeezes multiple blank lines from output.
-f Displays one-line summary of each manual page that
contains one of the specified file names (next arguments).
-k Displays one-line summary of each manual page that
contains one of the specified keywords (next arguments).
-t Phototypesets output (uses troff).
EXAMPLES man 1 sync
man 2 sync
DOCUMENTATION man(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-mdtar
DESCRIPTION The mdtar command archives files to and from multiple
RX50 diskettes.
SYNTAX mdtar [ -C ] [ keys ] [ file... ]
file Name of each file to be archived.
OPTIONS -C Changes directories to that in the specified path
(next argument) before processing. This option
can be used multiple times on the same command line.
KEYS A Uses the specified number (next argument) as
archive with which to begin the output.
B Forces input and output blocking to 20 blocks
per record.
D Specifies all directory output to be in v7tar
format.
F Skips all SCCS directories, core files, and err
files. If additional F key (FF) is specified,
also skips all a.out and .o files.
H Displays help summary of all keys.
M Specifies the maximum archive number (1-99) to be
written (next argument).
N Suppresses multivolume, file-splitting, and new
header format from output.
O Additionally displays file owner and group names
for t and x keys. For c, r, and u keys, displays
warning message if user and group IDs cannot be
found in /etc/passwd or /etc/group, respectively.
S Creates output with /USER/GROUP standard archive
headers.
V Displays expanded verbose information about all
directories as well as files on the volume.
0-9 Uses specified drive number as alternate on which
archive is mounted. If not specified, uses
/dev/rht0.
b Uses specified number (next argument) as the
blocking factor. If not specified, uses 20 blocks.
c Creates a new archive library.
d Specifies RX50 as the device: uses /dev/rrx1.
f Uses specified file (next argument) as the name
of the archive. If not specified, uses /dev/rht0.
g Specifies 6250 bpi tape: uses /dev/rgt0.
h Saves a copy of the file (excludes symbolic links).
i Ignores checksum errors.
k Specifies TK50 as the device: uses /dev/rtk0.
l Displays error message if links cannot be resolved.
m Does not restore file modification time.
n Specifies 800 bp1 tape: uses /dev/rmt0.
o Suppresses all directory information.
p Restores each specified file to its original mode.
r Writes each specified file to the end of archive.
s Uses specified number (next argument) as size of
media in 512-byte blocks.
t Generates archive table of contents.
u Updates the archive library: adds each if only if
it either is not already in archive or has been
modified since originally archived.
v Displays detailed (verbose) information as it
archives files.
w Displays action to be taken for each file and
prompts for confirmation.
x Extracts each specified file from the archive.
EXAMPLES mdtar c -C /usr/include -C /etc
mdtar cvb 10 /
DOCUMENTATION tar(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-mesg
DESCRIPTION The mesg command allows you to permit or deny messages.
SYNTAX mesg [ n ] [ y ]
n Disallows messages from other users.
y Allows messages from other users.
EXAMPLES mesg n
mesg y
DOCUMENTATION mesg(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-mkdir
DESCRIPTION The mkdir command makes new directories.
SYNTAX mkdir name...
name Name of each new directory to be created.
EXAMPLES mkdir newdir1 newdir2
DOCUMENTATION mkdir(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-mkstr
DESCRIPTION The mkstr command creates a message file from C programs.
SYNTAX mkstr [ - ] msgfile prefix file...
msgfile Name of file into which error messages are written.
prefix Prefix name to be used in creating copies of
processed C source.
file Name of each C program to be processed. If
pathnames are not specified, searches current
directory for each specified file.
OPTIONS - Places error messages at end of specified message file.
DOCUMENTATION mkstr(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-mm
DESCRIPTION The mm command formats text using nroff and the mm
macro package.
SYNTAX mm [ options ] [ file... ]
file Name of each text file to be processed.
If not specified, reads stdin until <CTRL/D>
and processes this input.
OPTIONS -E Invokes nroff with the -e option specified.
-T Uses the specified string (-Tstring) as the output
terminal type. If not specified, uses the type
defined by the TERM environment variable.
-c Invokes the col command to process the input.
-e Invokes the neqn command to process the input.
-l2 Formats the document in 12 pitch.
-t Invokes the tbl command to process the input.
-y Uses the uncompacted versions of the mm macros.
DOCUMENTATION mm(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
"Memorandum Macros" in the ULTRIX-11 Supplementary
Documents, Volume 2
-mmt
DESCRIPTION The mmt command formats text using troff and the mm
macro package.
SYNTAX mmt [ options ] [ file... ]
file Name of each text file to be processed.
If not specified, reads stdin until <CTRL/D>
and processes this input.
OPTIONS -T4014 Invokes the tc command to process the output
for the Tektronix 4014 terminal.
-Ttek Same as -T4014 option.
-Tst Writes output to the MH STARE facility.
-Tvp Writes output to the Versatec printer.
-a Invokes troff with the -a option specified.
-e Invokes the eqn command to process the input.
-t Invokes the tbl command to process the input.
-y Uses the uncompacted mm macros.
DOCUMENTATION mmt(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
"Memorandum Macros" in the ULTRIX-11 Supplementary
Documents, Volume 2
-more
DESCRIPTION The more command displays file data at your terminal.
SYNTAX more [ options ] [ +number ] [ +/string ] file...
+number Use specified line number as place to start
display.
+/string Pattern to be searched for. If found,
display starts with two lines immediately
preceding the line containing the pattern.
file Name of each file to be displayed.
OPTIONS -# Uses specified number (#) as screen window size.
-c Clears screen (starting from the top) as it displays
next screen of data.
-d Displays extended continuation prompt at end of each
display.
-f Counts logical text lines (does not fold long lines).
Normally, counts literal lines (including folded
lines containing escape sequences).
-l Ignores line feeds (^Ls). Normally, pauses at line feeds.
-s Squeezes multiple blank lines from output.
-u Ignores all underlining in the data.
EXAMPLES more program1
more program1 program2
DOCUMENTATION more(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-mt
DESCRIPTION The mt command allows you to send commands directly to
the specified tape drive.
SYNTAX mt [ -f ] cmd
cmd Command to be performed.
OPTIONS -f Uses the specified file (next argument) as the tape
device. If not specified, uses /dev/nrht0.
COMMANDS bsf Moves back the specified number of files (next
argument).
bsr Moves back the specified number of records (next
argument).
cache Enables caching (TK50/TU81 only).
cls Clears the subsystem.
clx Reinitializes the tape unit.
cse Clears EOT (software clear).
diseot Disables EOT driver code.
enaeot Enables default EOT driver code.
eof Write the specified number of EOF marks (next
argument) at the current tape position.
fsf Moves forward the specified number of files (next
argument).
fsr Moves forward the specified number of records (next
argument).
nocache Disables caching (TK50/TU81 only).
offline Rewinds the tape and places the unit off line.
rewind Rewinds the tape.
rewoffl Rewinds the tape and places the unit off line.
status Displays status information.
weof Write the specified number of EOF marks (next
argument) at the current tape position.
DOCUMENTATION mt(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-mv
DESCRIPTION The mv command renames or moves files and directories.
SYNTAX mv file1 file2
mv file... directory
file1 Name of existing file or directory and new
file2 file name.
file Name of each file to be moved to specified
directory.
directory Name of directory to which each named file
is to be moved.
EXAMPLES mv program1 old.program
mv directory1 groupdir
mv program1 program2 program3 /usr/staff/projectdir
DOCUMENTATION mv(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-mvt
DESCRIPTION The mvt command formats text using troff and the
mv macro package.
SYNTAX mvt [ options ] [ file... ]
file Name of each text file to be processed.
If not specified, reads stdin until <CTRL/D>
and processes this input.
OPTIONS -T4014 Invokes the tc command to process the output
for the Tektronix 4014 terminal.
-Ttek Same as -T4014 option.
-Tst Writes output to the MH STARE facility.
-Tvp Writes output to the Versatec printer.
-a Invokes troff with the -a option specified.
-e Invokes the eqn command to process the input.
-t Invokes the tbl command to process the input.
-y Uses the uncompacted mm macros.
DOCUMENTATION mmt(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
"Viewgraphs and Slides Macros" in the ULTRIX-11
Supplementary Documents, Volume 2
-neqn
DESCRIPTION The neqn command formats mathematic equations to be
displayed at your terminal.
SYNTAX neqn [ options ] [ file... ]
file Name of each file to be processed. If not specified,
reads stdin until <CTRL/D> and processes this input.
OPTIONS -d Sets text delimiters to specified characters (-dxy).
Both delimiters can be set to same character.
-f Sets font to specified font number (-f#).
-p Reduces point size by specified points (-p#).
-s Sets equation size to specified number (-s#).
DOCUMENTATION eqn(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
"Typesetting Mathematics--User's Guide" in the ULTRIX-11
Supplementary Documents, Volume 1
-netstat
DESCRIPTION The netstat command displays the status information for
your local area network.
SYNTAX netstat [ options ] [ interval ] [ system ] [ core ]
interval Displays status information every interval
seconds.
system Name of the system file to be used in place
of /unix.
core Name of the core file to be used in place of
/dev/kmem.
OPTIONS -A Displays the addresses of any associated protocol
control blocks.
-a Displays information for all sockets. If not
specified, does not display information for sockets
used by server processes.
-i Displays status information for autoconfigured
interfaces.
-m Displays information for the memory management
routines.
-n Displays network addresses as numbers.
-r Displays network routing tables.
-s Displays protocol statistics.
-t Displays time since interface routine startups.
DOCUMENTATION netstat(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-newgrp
DESCRIPTION The newgrp command changes your current group ID to that of
the specified group.
SYNTAX newgrp group
group Group name to be changed to.
EXAMPLES newgrp staff2
DOCUMENTATION newgrp(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-nice
DESCRIPTION The nice command executes the specified command at a lower
scheduling priority.
SYNTAX nice [ -n ] cmd [ arg... ]
cmd Command to be executed.
arg Each argument for specified command.
OPTIONS -# Uses specified number (#) as increment for priority.
If number is not specified, increments priority by 10.
EXAMPLES nice -20 nroff -ms report1 report2 | lpr
DOCUMENTATION nice(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-nl
DESCRIPTION The nl command displays the text from each specified
file with line numbers.
SYNTAX nl [ options ] [ file... ]
OPTIONS -b Displays line numbers for text lines which match
the specified type (-btype). The type can be:
a (all lines), t (lines with printable text only),
n (no line numbering), pstring (lines that match
the specified string). The default is a.
-d Uses the specified characters as delimiters
(-dxx).
-f Displays line numbers for footer lines that match
the specified type (-ftype). See type above.
-h Displays line numbers for header lines that match
the specified type (-htype). See type above.
-i Uses the specified number (-i#) as the increment
value for numbering lines.
-l Uses the specified number (-l#) as the number of
blank lines to fold together while numbering.
-n Formats line numbers according to the specified
key (-nkey). The key can be: ln (left justified),
rn (right justified), and ra (right justified with
leading zeroes).
-p Does not restart numbering at logical page breaks.
-s Uses the specified character (-sx) to mark the
separation of line numbers and text.
-v Starts line numbers with the specified number (-v#).
-w Uses the specified number (-w#) as the number of
characters for the line number display. If not
specified, uses 6.
DOCUMENTATION nl(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-nm
DESCRIPTION The nm command displays the name list (symbolic table) for each
specified object file.
SYNTAX nm [ options ] [ file... ]
file Name of each object file to be processed. If not
specified, displays name list for a.out. If archive
file is specified, displays name list for each object
file in archive.
OPTIONS -g Displays global (external) symbols only.
-n Sorts display numerically, not alphabetically (default).
-o Prepends file name to each output line, not once for each
group (default).
-p Displays in symbol table order (no sorts performed).
-r Sorts display in reverse order.
-u Displays undefined symbols only.
DOCUMENTATION nm(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-nohup
DESCRIPTION The nohup command executes the specified command with hangups
and termination signals from the controlling terminal disabled.
SYNTAX nohup cmd [ arg... ]
cmd Command to be executed.
arg Each argument for specified command.
EXAMPLES nohup nroff -ms report1 report2 | lpr
DOCUMENTATION nice(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-nroff
DESCRIPTION The nroff command provides a formatter with a full subset
of formatting macros.
SYNTAX nroff [ options ] [ file... ]
file Name of each file to be formatted. If not specified,
or if - is specified, reads stdin until <CTRL/D> and
formats this input.
OPTIONS -T Uses specified name (-Tname) as terminal for which output
is prepared.
-e Formats text with equally spaced words, justified lines,
and full terminal resolution.
-h Uses tabs in horizontal spacing to speed up output and
reduce output character count.
-i Reads stdin after input files are processed.
-m Uses specified macro package (-mxx) in formatting text.
-n Uses specified number (-n#) as first page to be printed.
-o Uses specified list (-olist) as only pages to be printed.
-q Invokes simultaneous input/output mode.
-r Sets named register to specified value (-rxvalue).
-s Stops after specified number of pages (-s#).
DOCUMENTATION troff(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
"NROFF/TROFF User's Manual" and "A TROFF Tutorial" in the
ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 1
-od
DESCRIPTION The od command creates a dump of the specified file.
SYNTAX od [ options ] [ file ] [ [ + ]offset[ . ][ b ] ]
file Name of file to be dumped. If not specified,
reads stdin until <CTRL/D> and dumps this input.
offset Position in the file where the dump is to begin.
If file is not specified, offset must be preceded
by plus (+). If . suffix is specified, offset is
interpreted in decimal. If b suffix is specified,
offset is interpreted in 512-byte blocks.
OPTIONS -b Displays bytes in octal.
-c Displays bytes in ASCII (nonprintable characters in C
escapes equivalences or octal numbers).
-d Displays words in decimal.
-o Displays words in octal (default).
-x Displays words in hexadecimal.
DOCUMENTATION od(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-osdd
DESCRIPTION The osdd command formats text using nroff and the
mosd macro package.
SYNTAX osdd [ options ] [ file... ]
file Name of each text file to be processed.
If not specified, reads stdin until <CTRL/D>
and processes this input.
OPTIONS -E Invokes nroff with the -a option specified.
-T Uses the specified string (-Tstring) as the output
terminal type. If not specified, uses the type
defined by the TERM environment variable.
-c Invokes the col command to process the input.
-e Invokes the neqn command to process the input.
-l2 Formats the document in 12 pitch.
-t Invokes the tbl command to process the input.
-y Uses the uncompacted versions of the mm macros.
DOCUMENTATION mm(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
"Memorandum Macros" in the ULTRIX-11 Supplementary
Documents, Volume 2
-pack
DESCRIPTION The pack command compresses the data in each specified
file.
SYNTAX pack [ options ] file...
file Name of each file to be processed.
OPTIONS - Displays the number of times each byte is used,
its relative frequency, and its code.
-f Forces compression of the specified file. This
option is useful for compressing an entire
directory.
DOCUMENTATION pack(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-page
DESCRIPTION The page command displays file data at your terminal.
SYNTAX page [ options ] [ +number ] [ +/string ] file...
+number Use specified line number as place to start
the display.
+/string Pattern to be searched for. If found,
display starts with two lines immediately
preceding the line containing the pattern.
file Name of each file to be displayed.
OPTIONS -# Uses specified number (#) as screen window size.
-d Displays extended continuation prompt at end of each
display.
-f Counts logical text lines (does not fold long lines).
Normally, counts literal lines (including folded
lines containing escape sequences).
-l Ignores line feeds (^Ls). Normally, pauses at line feeds.
-s Squeezes multiple blank lines from output.
-u Ignores all underlining in the data.
DOCUMENTATION more(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-passwd
DESCRIPTION The passwd command changes your login password.
SYNTAX passwd [ -g ]
OPTIONS -g Changes the password entry in the /etc/group file
for the specified group (next argument). This option
is restricted to use by the superuser only.
DOCUMENTATION passwd(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-paste
DESCRIPTION The paste command merges file data.
SYNTAX paste [ options ] file...
file Name of each file whose data is to be merged. If
- is specified for any file, reads stdin until
<CTRL/D> and merges this input with named files.
OPTIONS -d Replaces the newline characters of all but last file with
tabs (column separators). If list of characters is added
(-dlist), uses these characters circularly in place of
tabs. The list may contain the following C escapes:
\n (newline)
\t (tab)
\\ (backslash)
\0 (empty string).
-s Merges subsequent lines rather than one from each file.
Also uses tabs as column separators in all but last file,
except when used with -dlist option.
DOCUMENTATION paste(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-pcat
DESCRIPTION The pcat command concatenates the compressed data
for each specified file into a continuous output
stream.
SYNTAX pcat file...
file Name of each file to be processed.
DOCUMENTATION pack(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-pcc
DESCRIPTION The pcc command is the portable C compiler.
SYNTAX pcc [ options ] file...
file Name of each file to be processed.
OPTIONS -D Defines name to specified value (-Dname=value). If value
not specified, defined to 1.
-I Searches named directory (-Idirectory) for include files.
-N Places switch tables into text space.
-O Uses the object code optimizer (c2).
-P Runs preprocessor (cpp) and writes output to .i files.
-S Compiles programs and writes output to .s files.
-U Removes initial definition of name (-Uname).
-V Generates code suitable for overlaid programs.
-c Suppresses loading and produces an object (.o) file even
if only one program is being complied.
-o Writes output to specified file (next argument).
-p Produces count of times each routine is called.
DOCUMENTATION cc(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
"A Tour through the UNIX C Compiler" in the ULTRIX-11
Supplementary Documents, Volume 2
"The C Programming Language--Reference Manual" and "UNIX
Programming--Second Edition" in the ULTRIX-11 Supplementary
Documents, Volume 1
-pi
DESCRIPTION The pi command translates the specified Pascal program
into object code.
SYNTAX pi [ options ] file...
file Name of the Pascal source file to be processed.
OPTIONS -b Block buffers the output.
-i Enables the listing for any specified procedures
and functions, and while processing any specified
include files.
-l Creates a program listing while translating source.
-n Begins each listed include file on a new page and
with a banner line.
-p Suppresses control flow backtraces on error.
-s Accepts standard Pascal only.
-t Suppresses runtime test of subrange variables.
-u Runs in card image mode.
-w Suppresses all warning diagnostics.
-z Enables execution profiling.
DOCUMENTATION pi(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
"Berkeley Pascal User's Guide" in the ULTRIX-11
Supplementary Documents, Volume 2
-pix
DESCRIPTION The pix command translates the specified Pascal source
file and then executes the resulting object code.
SYNTAX pix [ options ] file [ arg... ]
file Name of the Pascal source file to be processed.
arg Each argument that is to be passed to the
Pascal program during its execution.
OPTIONS -b Block buffers the output.
-i Enables the listing for any specified procedures
and functions, and while processing any specified
include files.
-l Creates a program listing while translating source.
-n Begins each listed include file on a new page and
with a banner line.
-p Suppresses control flow backtraces on error.
-s Accepts standard Pascal only.
-t Suppresses runtime test of subrange variables.
-u Runs in card image mode.
-w Suppresses all warning diagnostics.
-z Enables execution profiling.
DOCUMENTATION pix(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
"Berkeley Pascal User's Guide" in the ULTRIX-11
Supplementary Documents, Volume 2
-plot
DESCRIPTION The plot command produces plotting instructions for the
specified terminal.
SYNTAX plot [ options ]
OPTIONS raster Uses the scan-converted image from
/usr/tmp/raster and sends the output directly
to the plotter.
-T Uses the specified name (-Tname) as the terminal
type for which plotting instructions are to be
generated.
DOCUMENTATION plot(1g) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-pr
DESCRIPTION The pr command prints and paginates file data.
SYNTAX pr [ options ] [ +num ] [ file... ]
+num Begins printing with specified page number.
file Name of each file to be printed.
OPTIONS -# Prints output in specified number of columns (-#).
-h Prints output with specified header (next argument).
-l Uses specified number (-l#) as lines per page. If not
specified, uses 66 lines/page.
-m Prints all files simultaneously, in multicolumns.
-s Uses specified character (-sc) as column separator.
If character not specified, uses tab.
-t Prints data without 5-line header and trailer.
-w Uses specified number (-w#) as page width (in
characters). If not specified, uses 72 characters.
DOCUMENTATION pr(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-prep
DESCRIPTION The prep command produces a word list from file data.
SYNTAX prep [ options ] file...
file Name of each file to be processed.
OPTIONS -d Lists word number with word.
-i Ignores specified file (next argument). If -d is
specified, counts words but does not include them in list.
-o Lists words only in specified file (next argument).
If -d is specified, counts words from other files but does
not include them in list.
-p Lists all punctuation on separate output lines. If -d
also is specified, does not count them as words.
DOCUMENTATION prep(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-primes
DESCRIPTION The primes command reads stdin until <RETURN> and
displays all primes that are greater than or equal to
the specified number.
SYNTAX primes
DOCUMENTATION factor(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-print
DESCRIPTION The print command paginates and submits files for
printing at the line printer.
SYNTAX print file...
file Name of each file to be processed.
DOCUMENTATION lpr(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-printenv
DESCRIPTION The printenv command displays the current values of your
environment variables.
SYNTAX printenv [ name ]
name Variable to be displayed. If name is not specified,
displays all currently set variables.
EXAMPLES printenv
printenv MAIL
DOCUMENTATION printenv(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-prof
DESCRIPTION The prof command displays program profile data.
SYNTAX prof [ options ] [ file ]
file Name of object file to be profiled.
OPTIONS -a Displays all symbols. If not specified, displays external
symbols only.
-l Displays output by symbol value. If not specified,
displays output by decreasing percentages.
-v Produces graphic output to be used with plot(1g) command.
Additional -low and -high numbers select the profile
percentage to be plotted with higher resolution (defaults
are 0 and 100, respectively).
DOCUMENTATION prof(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-prs
DESCRIPTION The SCCS prs command displays information from an SCCS file.
SYNTAX sccs prs [ options ] file...
file Name of each SCCS file to be processed.
OPTIONS -a Displays information for both existing and removed deltas.
-d Displays information specified by dataspec (-dstring).
-e Displays information for all deltas created earlier than
and including specified delta (-e#).
-l Displays information for all deltas created including
and later than specified delta (-l#).
-r Indicates specified delta version number (-r#).
DOCUMENTATION prs(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
"An Introduction to the Source Code Control System" in the
ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 1
-prt
DESCRIPTION The SCCS prt command displays a list of all changes made to a
SCCS file.
SYNTAX sccs prt file...
file Name of each SCCS file to be processed.
DOCUMENTATION "An Introduction to the Source Code Control System" in the
ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 1
-ps
DESCRIPTION The ps command displays current process status information.
SYNTAX ps [ option ] [ list ] [ core ]
list Name list that is to be used. If not specified,
uses /unix.
core Name of core file from which the information is
to be gathered. If not specified, uses /dev/mem and
gathers current system information.
OPTIONS -a Displays information for processes executed from all user
terminals. If not specified, displays information only
for processes executed from your terminal.
-l Displays information in long format: F (flags), S (state),
UID (userID), PID (process ID), PPID (parent process ID),
CPU (processor utilization), PRI (priority), NICE
(priority computation), ADDR (memory address), SZ
(size in 512-byte blocks), WCHAN (waiting/sleeping),
TTY (terminal), TIME (execution time), and CMD (command
currently being executed).
-t Uses specified number (-t#) and displays information
for that terminal only.
-v Displays process's system time and user time in
addition to cumulative time.
-x Displays information for all processes, including those
not executed from terminals.
DOCUMENTATION ps(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-ptx
DESCRIPTION The ptx command generates a permuted index.
SYNTAX ptx [ options ] [ file1 [ file2 ] ]
file1 Name of input file from which index is to be
generated. If not specified, reads stdin until
<CTRL/D> and processes this input.
file2 Name of output file to which index is to be
written. If not specified, writes output to stdout.
OPTIONS -b Uses characters in specified file (next argument) as
separators.
-f Folds upper and lower case when sorting.
-g Uses specified number (next argument) as interfield gap.
If not specified, uses three characters.
-i Ignores words listed in specified file (next argument).
If -i and -o are not specified, ignores words listed
in /usr/lib/eign.
-o Uses words listed only in specified file (next argument).
-r Uses leading nonblanks as reference identifiers.
-t Produces output ready for phototypesetter.
-w Uses specified number (next argument) as width of output
line. If not specified, uses 72 characters.
DOCUMENTATION ptx(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-pwd
DESCRIPTION The pwd command displays the name (absolute path) of your
current working directory.
SYNTAX pwd
DOCUMENTATION pwd(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-px
DESCRIPTION The px command executes the specified Pascal object file
SYNTAX px [ file ] [ arg... ]
file Name of the Pascal object file to be processed.
arg Each argument that is to be passed to the
Pascal program during its execution.
DOCUMENTATION px(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
"Berkeley Pascal User's Guide" in the ULTRIX-11
Supplementary Document, Volume 2
-pxp
DESCRIPTION The pxp command generates an execution profile for
the specified Pascal object file.
SYNTAX pxp [ options ] file
file Name of the Pascal object file to be processed.
OPTIONS -# Uses the specified number (#) as the indentation
unit. If not specified, uses 4.
-_ Underscores all keywords.
-a Displays all procedures (even those not executed).
-c Uses the core file in generating the profiling data.
-d Displays all declaration parts.
-e Eliminates include directives when reformatting the
file.
-f Displays all parenthesized expressions.
-j Left justifies all procedures and functions.
-n Begins a new page for each included file.
-s Strips comments from the input text.
-t Displays a table that summarizes procedure and
function call counts.
-u Generates the output in card image format.
-w Suppresses all warning diagnostics.
-z Generates an execution profile for the specified
modules (next arguments). If none are specified,
generates execution profile for the entire program.
DOCUMENTATION pxp(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
"Berkeley Pascal User's Guide" in the ULTRIX-11
Supplementary Documents, Volume 2
-ranlib
DESCRIPTION The ranlib command converts archives to random libraries.
SYNTAX ranlib archive...
archive Name of each archive library to be converted.
DOCUMENTATION ranlib(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-ratfor
DESCRIPTION The ratfor command converts a dialect of FORTRAN into ordinary
FORTRAN code.
SYNTAX ratfor [ options ] [ file... ]
file Name of each file to be converted.
OPTIONS -C Copies all comments to output and attempts to format them
neatly.
-6x Places continuation character (x) in column 6.
-h Converts quoted strings to 27H constructs.
DOCUMENTATION ratfor(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
"RATFOR--A Preprocessor for a Rational Fortran" in the
ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 2
-rcp
DESCRIPTION The rcp command copies data from files on your host
machine to files on a remote machine.
SYNTAX rcp [ options ] file... string
file Name of each file to be copied.
string Character string that either identifies
the local file to be copied to or a remote
host name and, if required, a path name
(rhost:[path]). If path is not specified,
copies data to file of the same name in your
home directory on the remote machine.
OPTIONS -p Attempts to preserve the mode and modification times
(ignores umask) as it copies each file.
-r Recursively copies files in all subdirectories,
if the specified file to be copied is a directory.
DOCUMENTATION rcp(1c) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-red
DESCRIPTION The red command is a restricted version of the ed text
editor.
SYNTAX red [ - ] file
file Name of file to be edited. The red command edits
a copy of the named file and updates source file only
when the write command (w) is invoked. If not
specified, edits unnamed temporary file.
OPTIONS - Suppresses all character count displays. Normally, ed
displays a character count when invoked, whenever
you edit another file (e), read in data from another
file (r), or write out to file (w).
DOCUMENTATION ed(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
"A Tutorial Introduction to the UNIX Text Editor" and "Advanced
Editing on UNIX" in the ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents,
Volume 1
-refer
DESCRIPTION The refer command finds and formats bibliographic references
for nroff and troff files.
SYNTAX refer [ options ]
OPTIONS -a Uses specified name (-aname) and reverses order of first
entry for that name only. If name not specified, reverses
order of names for all entries.
-b Creates bare entries: no flags, numbers, or labels.
-c Uses specified string (-cstring) and capitalizes fields
whose key letters are in string.
-e Accumulates all references in one list. If not specified,
creates references where encountered in text.
-k Uses specified label (-klabel) in place of numbering for
each reference.
-l Uses specified characters and digits (-lc,#) and creates
labels for all references using senior author's list and
only specified characters of each last name and specified
digits of the date.
-n Does not search /usr/dict/papers.
-p Uses specified file (next argument) as file to be
searched before /usr/dict/papers. If not specified,
searches /usr/dict/papers only.
-s Uses specified key (-sstring) in sorting references.
DOCUMENTATION refer(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
"Some Applications of Inverted Indexes on the UNIX System" in
the ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 1
-regcmp
DESCRIPTION The regcmp command complies the regular expressions in
each specified file and writes all output to a .i file.
SYNTAX regcmp [ - ] file...
file Name of each file to be processed.
OPTIONS - Writes output to a .c file in place of the .i file.
DOCUMENTATION regcmp(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-renice
DESCRIPTION The renice command reschedules the priority of your processes.
SYNTAX renice num pid...
num Number to be used in rescheduling. A positive number
reschedules a lower priority. A negative number
reschedules a higher priority.
pid Process ID number of each process to be rescheduled.
EXAMPLES renice 30 12877 12898
renice -5 3450
DOCUMENTATION renice(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-reset
DESCRIPTION The reset command resets your terminal mode.
SYNTAX reset
DOCUMENTATION tset(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-rev
DESCRIPTION The rev command reverses the order of characters in each line
of a file.
SYNTAX rev [ file... ]
file Name of each file to be processed. If not specified,
reads stdin until <CTRL/D> and processes this input.
DOCUMENTATION rev(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-rlogin
DESCRIPTION The rlogin command logs you into the specified remote
system.
SYNTAX rlogin system [ options ]
system Name of the remote system to be logged into.
OPTIONS -e Uses the specified character (next argument) as the
rlogin escape character. If not specified, uses a
tilde (~).
-l Logs you in as the specified user (next argument),
not as your user login name.
DOCUMENTATION rlogin(1c) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-rm
DESCRIPTION The rm command removes a directory entry for a file.
SYNTAX rm [ options ] file...
file Name of each file whose directory entry is to be
removed (unlinked). When the last entry (link)
to a file is removed, only then is its data removed O
from the file system.
OPTIONS - Specifies that the file names begin with a minus (-name).
-f Suppresses normal diagnostics/prompts and attempts to
force the removal.
-i Prompts for yes or no response before removing each entry.
-r Recursively removes all entries from the specified
directory and, then, removes the entry for that directory
from its parent directory.
DOCUMENTATION rm(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-rmail
DESCRIPTION The rmail command routes the remote mail received from
the uucp command.
SYNTAX rmail user...
user Name of each user for which mail is to be sent.
DOCUMENTATION rmail(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-rmdel
DESCRIPTION The SCCS rmdel command removes the specified delta version
from an SCCS file.
SYNTAX sccs rmdel -r file...
file Name of each SCCS file to be processed.
OPTIONS -r Indicates specified delta version number (-r#).
DOCUMENTATION rmdel(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
"An Introduction to the Source Code Control System" in the
ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 1
-rmdir
DESCRIPTION The rmdir command removes the entry for each empty directory
from its parent directory.
SYNTAX rmdir directory
directory Name of each empty directory whose entry is to be
removed.
EXAMPLES rmdir project.dir
DOCUMENTATION rm(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-roff
DESCRIPTION The roff command provides a simple text formatter.
SYNTAX roff [ options ] [ +num ] file...
+num Starts printing with specified page.
file Name of each file to be formatted.
OPTIONS -# Stops printing after specified page (-#).
-h Inserts tabs (when appropriate) in place of spaces.
-s Stops printing before each page (including first)
to allow for paper manipulation. Resumes printing
on receipt of interrupt signal.
DOCUMENTATION roff(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-rsh
DESCRIPTION The rsh command logs you in to the named remote system
and executes the specified command sequence.
SYNTAX rsh system [ options ] cmd
system Name of the remote system.
cmd Complete command sequence that is to be
executed.
OPTIONS -l Logs you in as the specified user (next argument),
not as your user login name.
-n Redirects all command input from /dev/null.
DOCUMENTATION rsh(1c) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-rsh5
DESCRIPTION The rsh5 command is the restricted SYSTEM V version of
the Bourne shell that provides an interactive command
line interpreter and has a full subset of options,
special characters, and control flow constructs.
SYNTAX rsh5 [ options ] [ arg... ]
arg Name of each command sequence to be executed.
If not specified, invokes rsh5 command for
interactive execution.
OPTIONS -a Marks those variables which are modified or created
for export.
-c Executes the specified commands (next arguments).
-e Exits immediately on unsuccessful execution of
a command.
-f Disable file name expansion.
-h Locates and remembers all function commands.
-i Invokes rsh5 for interactive session.
-k Places all specified keywords (next arguments)
into current execution environment.
-n Reads all commands but does not execute them.
-s Reads stdin until <CTRL/D> and uses this input
as the command sequences to be executed.
-t Exit after executing one command only.
-u Treats all undefined variables as an error.
-v Displays each input line upon execution.
-x Displays all command sequences before execution.
DOCUMENTATION sh5(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-ruptime
DESCRIPTION The ruptime command displays the current status of each
network machine.
SYNTAX ruptime [ options ]
OPTIONS -a Displays a count of all users who have been idle
for an hour or more. If not specified, omits this
information.
-l Sorts information by load average, not by host name.
-t Sorts information by host uptime, not by host name.
-u Sorts information by number of user, not by host
name.
DOCUMENTATION ruptime(1c) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-rwho
DESCRIPTION The rwho command displays who is logged in to all
machines on your network.
SYNTAX rwho [ -a ]
OPTIONS -a Displays the names of all users who have been idle
for an hour or more. If not specified, omits this
information.
DOCUMENTATION rwho(1c) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-s5make
DESCRIPTION s5make, if installed, is the SYSTEM V replacement for
the make command.
DOCUMENTATION s5make(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
"Augmented Version of Make" in the ULTRIX-11
Programmer's Manual, Vol. 2B
-sact
DESCRIPTION The sact command displays the delta and edit status
of each specified SCCS file.
SYNTAX sact file...
file Name of each SCCS file to be processed.
If - is specified, reads stdin until <CTRL/D>
and uses this input as the file name.
DOCUMENTATION sact(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-sccs
DESCRIPTION The sccs command provides a Source Code Control System that
has a full subset of commands.
SYNTAX sccs [ options ] arg...
arg Each SCCS command sequence (command options arguments)
to be executed under control of sccs.
OPTIONS -d Prepends named directory path (-dpath) to specified file
name.
-p Additionally prepends named path (-ppath) between directory
and specified file name.
-r Preserves your user ID during execution.
COMMANDS admin Administers SCCS files.
cdc Changes delta commentary.
check Checks if SCCS files are currently being edited.
clean Removes all recreatable SCCS files.
comb Combines deltas.
create Creates SCCS files.
deledit Creates new delta and edits file.
delget Creates delta and gets a copy of file.
delta Creates delta, saving changes.
edit Edits SCCS file.
fix Removes current delta.
get Gets copy of an SCCS file.
info Displays information about SCCS files being edited.
prs Displays information from SCCS files.
prt Displays list of delta changes.
rmdel Removes delta.
sccsdiff Compares two deltas.
sccshelp Displays explanations of error messages.
tell Displays names of SCCS file being edited.
unedit Undoes SCCS edit command.
unget Undoes SCCS get and edit commands.
val Validates SCCS files.
what Finds and displays ID keywords.
For further information about an sccs command, type:
help COMMAND
DOCUMENTATION "An Introduction to the Source Code Control System" in the
ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 1
-sccsdiff
DESCRIPTION The sccsdiff command compare two deltas and displays their
differences.
SYNTAX sccs sccsdiff [ options ] file...
file Name of each SCCS file to be compared.
OPTIONS -p Displays output using pr command.
-r Indicates deltas to be compared (-r#1 and -r#2).
-s Sets number of lines each segment is to contain (-s#).
DOCUMENTATION sccsdiff(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
"An Introduction to the Source Code Control System" in the
ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 1
-sccshelp
DESCRIPTION The sccshelp command displays short explanations of SCCS
error messages and command syntax lines.
SYNTAX sccshelp [ arg... ]
arg Each error message or command name for which you
want an explanation displayed.
DOCUMENTATION sccshelp(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
"An Introduction to the Source Code Control System" in the
ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 1
-script
DESCRIPTION The script command generates a typescript of your terminal
session until <CTRL/D>.
SYNTAX script [ options ] [ file ]
file Name of file into which typescript is written.
If file is not specified, uses file "typescript".
OPTIONS -S Uses specified shell (next argument). If this shell is
not available, uses any shell that it can find.
-a Appends output to typescript file.
-n Uses new shell (site dependent).
-q Suppresses normal startup and done messages.
-s Uses standard shell (normally, sh).
DOCUMENTATION script(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-sdiff
DESCRIPTION The sdiff command determines the differences between
two files and displays the differences in a two column
listing.
SYNTAX sdiff [ options ] file1 file2
file1 Name of the two files to be processed.
file2
OPTIONS -l Displays the left side of all identical lines.
-o Uses the specified file (next argument) and
creates a user-controlled merge file.
-s Suppresses all identical lines from the output.
-w Uses the specified number (next argument) as the
width of the output lines.
DOCUMENTATION sdiff(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-sed
DESCRIPTION The sed command provides a noninteractive, stream editor that
provides a full range of commands.
SYNTAX sed [ options ] [ file... ]
file Name of each file to be edited. If not specified,
reads stdin until <CTRL/D> and edits this input.
OPTIONS -e Uses specified file (next argument) as input file of
commands to be executed.
-f Uses specified file (next argument) as input file of
commands to be executed. May be used in conjunction with
-e option to indicate two script files.
-n Suppresses all normal output.
DOCUMENTATION sed(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
"SED--A Non-interactive Text Editor" in the ULTRIX-11
Supplementary Documents, Volume 2
-sh
DESCRIPTION The sh command provides an interactive command
interpreter that has a full subset of options,
special characters, and control flow constructs.
SYNTAX sh [ options ] [ arg... ]
arg Name of each command sequence to be executed.
If not specified, invokes sh command for
interactive execution.
OPTIONS -c Executes the specified commands (next arguments).
-e Exits immediately on unsuccessful execution of
a command.
-i Invokes sh for interactive session.
-k Places all specified keywords (next arguments)
into current execution environment.
-n Reads all commands but does not execute them.
-s Reads stdin until <CTRL/D> and uses this input
as the command sequences to be executed.
-t Exit after executing one command only.
-u Treats all undefined variables as an error.
-v Displays each input line upon execution.
-x Displays all commands sequences before execution.
DOCUMENTATION sh(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-sh5
DESCRIPTION The sh5 command is the SYSTEM V version of the sh
command that provides an interactive command line
interpreter and has a full subset of options,
special characters, and control flow constructs.
SYNTAX sh5 [ options ] [ arg... ]
arg Name of each command sequence to be executed.
If not specified, invokes sh5 command for
interactive execution.
OPTIONS -a Marks those variables which are modified or created
for export.
-c Executes the specified commands (next arguments).
-e Exits immediately on unsuccessful execution of
a command.
-f Disable file name expansion.
-h Locates and remembers all function commands.
-i Invokes sh5 for interactive session.
-k Places all specified keywords (next arguments)
into current execution environment.
-n Reads all commands but does not execute them.
-r Invokes sh5 for restricted session.
-s Reads stdin until <CTRL/D> and uses this input
as the command sequences to be executed.
-t Exit after executing one command only.
-u Treats all undefined variables as an error.
-v Displays each input line upon execution.
-x Displays all command sequences before execution.
DOCUMENTATION sh5(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-size
DESCRIPTION The size command displays the sizes of each segment for the
specified object file.
SYNTAX size [ file... ]
file Name of each object program to be sized. If not
specified, displays the sizes of a.out in current
directory.
DOCUMENTATION size(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-sleep
DESCRIPTION The sleep command suspends execution for the specified time.
SYNTAX sleep time
time Number of seconds that execution is suspended.
DOCUMENTATION sleep(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-sort
DESCRIPTION The sort command sorts and merges file data.
SYNTAX sort [ options ] [ +pos [ -pos ] ] [ file... ]
+pos Data field (inclusive) at which sorting is to begin.
-pos Data file (exclusive) before which sorting is to end.
file Name of each file to be sorted and merged. If not
specified, or if - is specified, reads stdin until
<CTRL/D> and sorts this input.
OPTIONS -T Uses specified directory (next argument) to build
temporary files.
-b Ignores all leading blanks (spaces and tabs).
-c Checks that input file was sorted according to ordering
rules and displays output only if out of order.
-d Sorts data according to dictionary ordering: letters,
digits, and blanks only.
-f Folds upper case to lower case while sorting.
-i Ignores character outside ASCII range 040-0176.
-m Merges previously sorted data.
-n Sorts fields containing numbers numerically, fields
containing alphanumerics alphabetically.
-o Uses specified file (next argument) as output file.
If not specified, write output to stdout.
-r Reverses sorting order (descending).
-t Uses specified character (-tc) as field separator.
-u Suppresses all duplicate entries.
DOCUMENTATION sort(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-spell
DESCRIPTION The spell command checks data for spelling errors.
SYNTAX spell [ options ] [ file... ]
file Name of each file to be checked. If not specified,
reads stdin until <CTRL/D> and checks this input.
OPTIONS -b Checks data according to British spellings.
-v Displays all words not found in the spelling list with
all plausible derivations.
-x Precedes each word with = and displays all plausible
derivations.
DOCUMENTATION spell(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-spline
DESCRIPTION The spline command draws a smooth curve from specified input.
SYNTAX spline [ options ]
OPTIONS -? Uses specified value (-?) for boundary value constant.
-# Uses specified number (-#) in calculating intervals
between lower and upper limits. If not specified,
uses 100.
-a Supplies the abscissa automatically (not specified in
input) and uses specified number (next argument) for
spacing. If not specified, uses 1 for spacing.
-p Periodically produces output (matches derivatives at
ends).
-x Uses specified numbers (next arguments) as lower and upper
limits, respectively. If first argument is not specified,
uses 0 as lower limit. If neither argument is specified,
calculates values from data.
DOCUMENTATION spline(1g) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-split
DESCRIPTION The split command divides a file into smaller files.
SYNTAX split [ -# ] [ file [ name ] ]
file Name of file to be split. If not specified or
if - is specified, reads stdin until <CTRL/D> and
splits this input into smaller files.
name Name with which each output file is to be created.
Each file is created with this name and the suffix
aa, ab, ac, and so on. If not specified, creates
each output file with name x and suffixes aa, ab, ac,
and so on.
OPTIONS -# Uses specified number (#) as number of lines that are to
be written to each output file. If # is not specified,
uses 1000.
DOCUMENTATION split(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-strings
DESCRIPTION The strings command displays all printable ASCII strings
in each specified object file.
SYNTAX strings [ options ] file...
file Name of each object file to be processed.
OPTIONS - Looks through the entire object file for ASCII strings.
If not specified, looks only in the initialized data space.
-# Uses specified number (#) as minimum string length. If not
specified, uses four characters.
-o Precedes each string with its file offset (octal).
DOCUMENTATION strings(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-strip
DESCRIPTION The strip command removes all symbols and relocation bits from
each specified object file.
SYNTAX strip file...
file Name of each object file to be processed.
DOCUMENTATION strip(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-struct
DESCRIPTION The struct command converts ordinary FORTRAN code to rational
FORTRAN (ratfor) code.
SYNTAX struct [ options ] file
file Name of file to be converted.
OPTIONS -a Converts else-if sequences into non-Ratfor switch forms.
-b Generates goto statements in place of multilevel breaks.
-e Uses the specified number (-e#) to test loops.
-i Does not convert goto statements into switches.
-n Generates goto statements in place of multilevel next
statements.
-s Accepts input in standard format: comment character in
column one and continuation character in column six.
DOCUMENTATION struct(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-stty
DESCRIPTION The stty command normally is executed from your .login file to
set up your terminal I/O characteristics.
SYNTAX stty [ options ]
OPTIONS brk Sets brk character to specified character (next
argument).
bs0 bs1 Selects backspace delay.
cbreak Makes characters available as received.
cooked Same as -raw.
cr0 cr1 cr2 cr3
Selects carriage return delay.
crt Sets crt options.
crtbs Sets crt backspace.
crtkill Uses crterase to kill line.
ctlecho Echoes control characters as ^X
crterase Sets erase characters with "backspace space
backspace".
dec Sets erase = DEL, kill = ^U, intr = ^C.
echo Echoes every character.
ek Resets erase and kill to # and @.
eof Sets eof character to specified character (next
argument).
erase Sets erase character to specified character (next
argument).
even Allows even parity.
ff0 ff1 Selects form feed delay.
hup Hangs up dataphone on last close.
intr Sets interrupt character to specified character (next
argument).
kill Sets kill character to specified character (next
argument).
lcase Translates upper case to lower case.
min Sets minimum number of characters (next argument)
that should be received to satisfy read.
nl Accepts only newline character to terminate lines.
nl0 nl1 nl2 nl3
Selects linefeed delay.
odd Allows odd parity.
prterase Echoes erase between \ and /.
quit Sets quit character to specified character (next
argument).
raw Pass all characters (no character processing).
start Sets start character to specified character (next
argument).
stop Sets stop character to specified character (next
argument).
tabs Preserves tabs.
tab0 tab1 tab2 tab3
Select tab delay.
time Sets timer (next argument) in 0.1 granularity for
timeout bursty and short term data transmissions.
-option Negates option.
DOCUMENTATION stty(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-su
DESCRIPTION The su command temporarily substitutes your user ID to that
of the specified user.
SYNTAX su [ - ] [ user ]
user Login name of user whose ID is to be substituted.
Where applicable, prompts for user's login password.
If correct password is given, invokes a new shell
running under user's ID. If not specified, assumes
root and prompts for the appropriate password.
OPTIONS - Establishes user's login environment: changes directory
to user's home directory and invokes user's login shell.
DOCUMENTATION su(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-sum
DESCRIPTION The sum command displays a 16-bit checksum and the size in
blocks of the specified file.
SYNTAX sum file
file Name of file to be processed.
DOCUMENTATION sum(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-tabs
DESCRIPTION The tabs command sets the tabs spacing for your terminal.
SYNTAX tabs [ -n ] [ special ]
special Special file of terminal to be affected.
OPTIONS -n Does not indent left margin.
DOCUMENTATION tabs(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-tail
DESCRIPTION The tail command displays file data.
SYNTAX tail [ pos ] [ file ]
pos Where display is to begin: +number (from beginning
of file) and -number (from end of file). You can add
a units indicator to the position argument: b
(blocks), c (characters), or l (lines). If not
specified, counts by units of lines. You also
can add these optional function keys: f (do not
quit at end-of-file) and r (print lines from end
in reverse order).
file Name of file to be processed. If not specified,
reads stdin until <CTRL/D> and displays data from
this input.
EXAMPLES tail +150lr program1
tail -10bf program1
DOCUMENTATION tail(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-talk
DESCRIPTION The talk command provides two-way communication
between you and the specified user.
SYNTAX talk user [ tty ]
user Login name of the user with whom you wish
to communicate.
tty Special file name of the terminal for which
the talk session is to apply. This argument
is useful when the specified user is logged
in more than once.
DOCUMENTATION talk(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-tar
DESCRIPTION The tar command archives files to and from multiple
tape volumes.
SYNTAX tar [ -C ] [ keys ] [ file... ]
file Name of each file to be archived.
OPTIONS -C Changes directories to that in the specified path
(next argument) before processing. This option
can be used multiple times on the same command line.
KEYS A Uses the specified number (next argument) as
archive with which to begin the output.
B Forces input and output blocking to 20 blocks
per record.
D Specifies all directory output to be in v7tar
format.
F Skips all SCCS directories, core files, and err
files. If additional F key (FF) is specified,
also skips all a.out and .o files.
H Displays help summary of all keys.
M Specifies the maximum archive number (1-99) to be
written (next argument).
N Suppresses multivolume, file-splitting, and new
header format from output.
O Additionally displays file owner and group names
for t and x keys. For c, r, and u keys, displays
warning message if user and group IDs cannot be
found in /etc/passwd or /etc/group, respectively.
S Creates output with /USER/GROUP standard archive
headers.
V Displays expanded verbose information about all
directories as well as files on the volume.
0-9 Uses specified drive number as alternate on which
archive is mounted. If not specified, uses
/dev/rht0.
b Uses specified number (next argument) as the
blocking factor. If not specified, uses 20 blocks.
c Creates a new archive library.
d Specifies RX50 as the device: uses /dev/rrx1.
f Uses specified file (next argument) as the name
of the archive. If not specified, uses /dev/rht0.
g Specifies 6250 bpi tape: uses /dev/rgt0.
h Saves a copy of the file (excludes symbolic links).
i Ignores checksum errors.
k Specifies TK50 as the device: uses /dev/rtk0.
l Displays error message if links cannot be resolved.
m Does not restore file modification time.
n Specifies 800 bp1 tape: uses /dev/rmt0.
o Suppresses all directory information.
p Restores each specified file to its original mode.
r Writes each specified file to the end of archive.
s Uses specified number (next argument) as size of
media in 512-byte blocks.
t Generates archive table of contents.
u Updates the archive library: adds each if only if
it either is not already in archive or has been
modified since originally archived.
v Displays detailed (verbose) information as it
archives files.
w Displays action to be taken for each file and
prompts for confirmation.
x Extracts each specified file from the archive.
EXAMPLES tar c -C /usr/include -C /etc
tar cvb 10 /
DOCUMENTATION tar(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-tbl
DESCRIPTION The tbl command formats tables for nroff and troff processing.
SYNTAX tbl [ file... ]
file Name of each file to be processed. If not specified,
reads stdin until <CTRL/D> and processes this input.
DOCUMENTATION tbl(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
"TBL--A Program to Format Tables" in the ULTRIX-11
Supplementary Documents, Volume 1
-tc
DESCRIPTION The tc command simulates phototypesetter output.
SYNTAX tc [ options ] [ file ]
file Name of file to be processed. If not specified,
reads stdin until <CTRL/D> and processes this input.
OPTIONS -l Multiplies page aspect ratio (1.5) by l/w (must be
quoted on command line).
-p Uses specified page length (-pL). This length can include
scale factors: p (points), i (inches), c (centimeters),
and P (picas).
-s Skips specified number of pages (-s#).
-t Does not wait between pages.
DOCUMENTATION tc(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-tee
DESCRIPTION The tee command pipes input to your terminal (stdout) and to
each specified file.
SYNTAX tee [ options ] [ file... ]
file Name of each file to which input is to be written.
If not specified, writes data to stdout only.
OPTIONS -a Appends input to existing files.
-i Ignores interrupts.
DOCUMENTATION tee(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-tell
DESCRIPTION The SCCS tell command displays the names of those SCCS file
currently being edited.
SYNTAX sccs tell
DOCUMENTATION "An Introduction to the Source Code Control System" in the
ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 1
-telnet
DESCRIPTION The telnet command provides an interactive user
interface to the TELNET protocol that has a full
set of subcommands for communicating with another
host machine.
SYNTAX telnet [ system ] [ port ]
system Name of the remote system. If not specified,
prompts for the remote system name.
port Number of the port to be connected to. If not
specified, uses default port.
DOCUMENTATION telnet(1c) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-test
DESCRIPTION The test command evaluates specified conditional expressions.
SYNTAX test expr
expr Expression to be evaluated. Expressions
can test: file conditions, numerical comparisons,
or string comparisons (see below).
EXPRESSIONS -d Tests if file (next argument) exists and is a directory.
-f Tests if file (next argument) exists and is not a
directory.
-n Tests if length of string (next argument) is nonzero.
-r Tests if file (next argument) exists and is readable.
-s Tests if file (next argument) exists and size is greater
than 0.
-t Tests if file descriptor (next argument) is terminal.
If fd not specified, tests descriptor 1.
-w Tests if file (next argument) exists and is writable.
-z Tests if length of string (next argument) is zero.
n1 -eq n2
Tests if number1 equals number2.
n1 -ge n2
Tests if number1 is greater than or equal to number2.
n1 -gt n2
Tests if number1 is greater than number2.
n1 -le n2
Tests if number1 is less than or equal to number2.
n1 -lt n2
Tests if number1 is less than number2.
n1 -ne n2
Tests if number1 does not equal number2.
s1 Tests if string1 is not a null string.
s1 = s2
Tests if string1 and string2 are equal.
s1 != s2
Tests if string1 and string2 are not equal.
! expr
Negates evaluation of expression.
expr -a expr
Tests logical and of two expressions.
expr -o expr
Tests logical or of two expressions.
( expr... )
Groups expressions.
DOCUMENTATION test(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-tftp
DESCRIPTION The tftp command is an interactive user interface
to the ARPANET standard Trivial File Transfer Protocol
that has a full subset of commands for transferring
files to and from remote systems.
SYNTAX tftp [ system ] [ port ]
system Name of the remote system. If not specified,
prompts for the remote system name.
port Number of the port to be connected to. If not
specified, uses default port.
DOCUMENTATION tftp(1c) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-time
DESCRIPTION The time command displays execution times for the specified
command.
SYNTAX time cmd
cmd Command for which times are to be displayed.
DOCUMENTATION time(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-tip
DESCRIPTION The tip command connects you with remote systems.
SYNTAX tip [ options ] system
system System to which you are to be connected. You can
indicate the system by specifying either hostname
or phone number.
OPTIONS -# Uses specified number (#) as baud rate.
-v Displays all variable settings.
DOCUMENTATION tip(1c) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-tk
DESCRIPTION The tk command paginates output for the Tektronix 4014
terminal.
SYNTAX tk [ options ] [ file ]
file Name of the file to be processed. If not
specified, reads stdin until <CTRL/D> and
processes this input.
OPTIONS -# Uses the specified number (#) as the number of
columns for the screen output.
-p Uses the specified number (-pn) as the page length.
-t Does not pause between pages. If not specified,
pauses after each page and reads stdin until
<RETURN> before proceeding.
DOCUMENTATION tk(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-touch
DESCRIPTION The touch command updates the modification date of each
specified file.
SYNTAX touch [ -c ] file...
file Name of each file to be processed. If a file does
not exist, attempts to create it with current date.
OPTIONS -c Does not attempt to create file if it does not exist.
DOCUMENTATION touch(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-tp
DESCRIPTION The tp command archives files to/from tape.
SYNTAX tp [ key ]
KEYS 0-7 Uses specified number to indicate tape drive. If not
specified, uses RX50 as the default device.
c Creates a new tape archive.
d Deletes specified files (next arguments) from tape.
f Uses specified file (next argument) in place of
tape.
g Uses 6250 BPI tape in place of RX50s.
h Uses 1600 BPI tape in place of RX50s.
i Displays read/write errors, but proceeds instead of
returning to command level.
k Uses TK50 in place of RX50s.
m Uses 800 BPI tape in place of Rx50s.
r Replaces specified files (next arguments) on tape.
t Lists names of specified files (next arguments) if each
appears on tape. If files not specified, lists
names of all files on tape.
u Updates specified files (next arguments) only if each
has been modified since modification time of copy already
on tape.
v Displays verbose information as it archives each file.
w Waits for confirmation response before proceeding.
x Extracts specified files (next arguments) from tape.
DOCUMENTATION tp(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-tr
DESCRIPTION The tr command translates the specified character string.
SYNTAX tr [ options ] [ string1 [ string2 ] ]
string1 Character string to be translated.
string2 Character string to be translated to.
Strings can be specified by a character (c), a range of
characters (c-c), or an octal number (\###).
OPTIONS -c Translates compliments: string1 to those not in string1.
-d Deletes all characters in string1 from output.
-s Squeezes multiple occurrences of a character in string1
to one.
EXAMPLES tr 0-9 0
tr -s ' '
DOCUMENTATION tr(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-troff
DESCRIPTION The troff command provides a text formatter with a full subset
of macros for phototypesetting.
SYNTAX troff [ options ] [ file... ]
file Name of each file to be formatted. If not specified,
or if - is specified, reads stdin until <CTRL/D> and
formats this input.
OPTIONS -a Sends ASCII approximations to stdout.
-b Reports status of phototypesetter only (no formatting).
-f Does not feed paper and stop typesetter at end of run.
-g Prepares output for GCOS phototypesetter and writes it
to stdout.
-i Reads stdin after input files are processed.
-m Uses specified macro package (-mxx) in formatting text.
-n Uses specified number (-n#) as first page to be printed.
-o Uses specified list (-olist) as only pages to be printed.
-p Uses specified number (-p#) as desired point size.
-q Invokes simultaneous input/output mode.
-r Sets named register to specified value (-rxv).
-s Stops after specified number of pages (-s#).
-t Writes output to stdout, not to phototypesetter.
-w Waits for phototypesetter if currently busy.
DOCUMENTATION troff(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
"NROFF/TROFF User's Manual" and "A TROFF Tutorial" in the
ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 1
-true
DESCRIPTION The true command forces a successful exit status.
SYNTAX true
DOCUMENTATION true(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-tset
DESCRIPTION The tset command sets your terminal mode.
SYNTAX tset [ options ]
OPTIONS -I Does not transmit terminal initialization strings.
-Q Suppresses erase and kill character message.
-S Displays assigned strings as set by TERM variable
and from /etc/termcap file.
-e Uses the specified character (-ex) as the erase
character. If not specified, uses <DELETE>.
-k Uses the specified character (-kx) as the kill
character.
-m Uses the specified argument string for the terminal
map. The optional arguments, in the order
specified, are: port type, identifier, baud rate,
and terminal type.
-n Initializes the "new" tty driver, if applicable.
-v Sets the mode to a nonvirtual terminal.
DOCUMENTATION tset(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-tsort
DESCRIPTION The tsort command generates a topologically sorted list of
items from data in the specified file.
SYNTAX tsort [ file ]
file Name of file to be processed. If not specified,
reads stdin until <CTRL/D> and sorts this input.
DOCUMENTATION tsort(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-tty
DESCRIPTION The tty command displays the name of your terminal.
SYNTAX tty
DOCUMENTATION tty(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-u
DESCRIPTION The u command displays the names of each user who
currently is logged on the system.
SYNTAX u
DOCUMENTATION users(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-ul
DESCRIPTION The ul command formats underscored text for your terminal type.
SYNTAX ul [ options ] [ file... ]
file Name of each file to be processed. If not specified,
reads stdin until <CTRL/D> and processes this input.
OPTIONS -i Displays underscoring on separate line containing
appropriate dashes (-).
-t Uses type of specified terminal (next argument) in place
your terminal's type.
DOCUMENTATION ul(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-uname
DESCRIPTION The uname command displays the name of your current
host system.
SYNTAX uname [ options ]
OPTIONS -a Displays all information: shorthand for -mnrsv.
-m Displays the machine hardware type.
-n Displays the network node name.
-r Displays the operating system's release number.
-s Displays the host system name (default option).
-v Displays the operating system's version number.
DOCUMENTATION uname(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-unedit
DESCRIPTION The SCCS unedit command removes a copy of an SCCS file opened
for edit without merging any changes made back to the original
SCCS file.
SYNTAX sccs unedit file...
file Name of each SCCS file to be unedited.
DOCUMENTATION "An Introduction to the Source Code Control System" in the
ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 1
-unexpand
DESCRIPTION The unexpand command converts spaces in each specified
file to tabs.
SYNTAX unexpand [ -a ] [ file... ]
file Name of each file to be processed. If not
specified, reads stdin until <CTRL/D> and
processes this input.
OPTIONS -a Compresses the file whenever possible by inserting
tabs for two or more spaces.
DOCUMENTATION expand(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-unget
DESCRIPTION The SCCS unget command undoes an SCCS edit command (get -e).
SYNTAX sccs unget [ options ] file...
file Name of each SCCS file to be processed.
OPTIONS -n Retains copy of SCCS file which normally is removed
from current directory.
-r Indicates delta version number (-r#).
-s Suppresses all messages.
DOCUMENTATION unget(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
"An Introduction to the Source Code Control System" in the
ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 1
-uniq
DESCRIPTION The uniq command removes repeated lines from a file.
SYNTAX uniq [ options ] [ +num ] [ file1 [ file2 ] ]
+num Skips specified number of characters (num) in
addition to the specified fields.
file1 Name of input file to be processed. If not
specified, reads stdin until <CTRL/D> and
processes this input.
file2 Name of output file to which all unique lines
are written. If not specified, writes output
to stdout.
OPTIONS -# Skips additional number of fields (#).
-c Displays number of repetitions, if any, for each line.
-d Displays only lines that were repeated.
-u Displays only unique (nonrepeated) lines.
DOCUMENTATION uniq(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-units
DESCRIPTION The units command provides an interactive conversion program
with a full subset of conversion scales.
SYNTAX units
DOCUMENTATION units(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-unpack
DESCRIPTION The unpack command expands the compressed data in
each specified file.
SYNTAX unpack file...
file Name of each file to be processed.
DOCUMENTATION pack(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-uptime
DESCRIPTION The uptime command displays performance information
about your system.
SYNTAX uptime
DOCUMENTATION uptime(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-users
DESCRIPTION The users command displays the names of each user who currently
is logged on the system.
SYNTAX users
DOCUMENTATION users(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-uucp
DESCRIPTION The uucp command copies files to remote systems.
SYNTAX uucp [ options ] file... system...
file Name of each file to be copied to specified
remote system.
system Destination system and optional pathname to which
files are to be copied.
OPTIONS -c Copies each file to remote system directly from source.
Normally, copies file to spool directory and then to
remote system.
-d Creates all necessary directories before copying.
-m Notifies you by mail when copying is completed.
DOCUMENTATION uucp(1c) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
"Uucp Implementation Description" in the ULTRIX-11
Supplementary Documents, Volume 2
-uulog
DESCRIPTION The uulog command maintains a summary of all uucp and uux
transactions.
SYNTAX uulog [ options ]
OPTIONS -s Displays information about specified system (-ssystem).
-u Displays information about specified user (-uuser).
DOCUMENTATION uucp(1c) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
"Uucp Implementation Description" in the ULTRIX-11
Supplementary Documents, Volume 2
-uustat
DESCRIPTION The uustat command displays status information about
and provides control of uucp jobs.
SYNTAX uustat [ options ]
OPTIONS -c Removes entries for requests that are older than
the specified time (-ctime).
-j Displays status information for the specified job
only (-jnnn). If -jall is specified, displays
information for all jobs.
-k Kills the specified job (-knnn).
-m Displays accessibility status of the specified
machine (-mmachine). If -mall is specified,
displays information for all machines.
-o Displays information for requests that are older
than the specified time (-otime).
-s Displays information for requests that are destined
for the specified system (-ssystem).
-u Displays information for requests made by the
specified user (-uname).
-v Displays detailed (verbose) information.
-y Displays information for requests that are younger
than the specified time (-ytime).
DOCUMENTATION uustat(1c) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-uux
DESCRIPTION The uux command executes specified commands on remote systems.
SYNTAX uux [ - ] string...
String Each argument that makes up system-command string
to be executed. If first argument is system!,
remaining command and arguments are executed on
that system. If system! is not first argument,
command and arguments are executed on your local
system. For further information, read the uux
manual page.
OPTIONS - Reads stdin until <CTRL/D> and uses input as system-command
string.
DOCUMENTATION uux(1c) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
"Uucp Implementation Description in the ULTRIX-11
Supplementary Documents, Volume 2
-v7tar
DESCRIPTION The v7tar command archives files to and from tape.
SYNTAX tar [ key ]
KEYS B Creates a new tape archive.
0-7 Uses specified number (0-7) as drive on which tape is
mounted.
b Uses specified number (next argument) as blocking factor.
Maximum blocking is 20. If not specified, uses 1 (tape)
and 10 (RX50 diskette).
c Creates new tape archive.
d Uses RX50 diskettes in place of tape.
f Uses specified special file (next argument) as tape drive.
l Reports if cannot resolve all links to file being dumped.
If not specified, no messages are displayed.
m Does not restore the modification time for each file: uses
time of extraction.
n Uses 800 BPI tape.
o Suppresses normal directory output.
p Changes mode of extracted files to their original mode.
r Writes specified files to end-of-tape.
t Displays names of specified files (next arguments) if
each appears on tape. If names are not specified,
displays all names on tape.
u Updates specified files (next arguments) if not on tape or
if each has been modified since modification time of copy
already on tape.
v Displays verbose information as it archives each file.
w Waits for confirmation response before proceeding.
x Extracts only named files (next arguments) from tape.
DOCUMENTATION v7tar(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-val
DESCRIPTION The SCCS val command validates the specified SCCS files.
SYNTAX sccs val [ options ] file...
file Name of each SCCS file to be processed.
OPTIONS -m Compares specified value (-mstring) with helptext1 keyword.
-r Indicates specified delta version number (-r#).
-s Suppresses all error messages.
-y Compares specified type (-ystring) with keyword.
DOCUMENTATION val(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
"An Introduction to the Source Code Control System" in the
ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 1
-vc
DESCRIPTION The vc command copies lines from stdin to stdout in
accordance with the specified control arguments.
SYNTAX vc [ options ] [ keyword ]
keyword Replaces each specified keyword found in
the text with its defined value
(keyword=value).
OPTIONS -a Replaces the keywords surrounded by control
characters in all text lines.
-c Uses the specified character (-cx) as the control
character. If not specified, uses a colon (:).
-s Suppresses all warning messages.
-t Ignores all characters from the beginning of the
line to the first tab.
DOCUMENTATION vc(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-vi
DESCRIPTION The vi command provides an interactive, line-oriented editor
that has full-screen display and a full subset of commands.
SYNTAX vi [ options ] [ +cmd ] file...
+cmd Starts edit session with specified command (cmd).
file Name of each file to be edited. If more than one
file is specified, edits each file in succession.
For further information, read about the :n command
in the vi manual page.
OPTIONS -l Sets up edit session for LISP.
-r Recovers an edit session lost because of a system crash.
-t Searches file for and begins session at occurrence of
specified string (next argument).
-w Uses specified number (-w#) as screen window size.
DOCUMENTATION vi(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
"An Introduction to Display Editing with vi" and "Ex Reference
Manual" in the ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 1
-w
DESCRIPTION The w command displays who is logged into the system
and what they are currently doing.
SYNTAX w [ options ] [ user ]
user User login name for which information is
to be displayed. If not specified, displays
information for all users.
OPTIONS -h Suppresses the normal header from the output.
-l Displays information in long format (default
option).
-s Displays information in short format.
DOCUMENTATION w(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-wait
DESCRIPTION The wait command suspends execution until all background
processes have completed.
SYNTAX wait
DOCUMENTATION wait(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-wall
DESCRIPTION The wall command writes a message to all users currently logged
in to the system.
SYNTAX wall
DOCUMENTATION wall(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-wc
DESCRIPTION The wc command displays the number of words, lines, and
characters in each specified file.
SYNTAX wc [ options ] [ file... ]
file Name of each file to be processed. If not specified,
reads stdin until <CTRL/D> and processes this input.
OPTIONS -c Displays number of characters only.
-l Displays number of lines only.
-w Displays number of words only.
DOCUMENTATION wc(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-what
DESCRIPTION The SCCS what command displays ID keywords from each specified
SCCS file.
SYNTAX sccs what file...
file Name of each file to be processed.
DOCUMENTATION what(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
"An Introduction to the Source Code Control System" in the
ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 1
-whatis
DESCRIPTION The whatis command displays information about
each specified command.
SYNTAX whatis cmd...
cmd Name of each command for which information is to
be displayed.
DOCUMENTATION whatis(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-which
DESCRIPTION The which command takes a list of command names and
displays which programs (files) would be executed.
SYNTAX which [ cmd... ]
cmd Name of each command for which information
is to be displayed.
DOCUMENTATION which(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-who
DESCRIPTION The who command displays a list of users currently logged in
to the system.
SYNTAX who [ file ]
file Name of login accounting file from which list is to
be generated. If not specified, generates list
from information in /etc/utmp.
DOCUMENTATION who(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-whoami
DESCRIPTION The whoami command displays your current login name.
SYNTAX whoami
DOCUMENTATION whoami(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-write
DESCRIPTION The write command writes a message to the specified user.
SYNTAX write user [ special ]
user Login name of user to receive message.
special Name of special file for terminal to which
message is to be written. This argument is
useful when a user is logged in at multiple
terminals.
DOCUMENTATION write(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-xstr
DESCRIPTION The xstr command extracts strings from a C program.
SYNTAX xstr [ options ] [ file ]
file Name of C program to be processed. If file is not
specified or if - is specified, reads stdin until
<CTRL/D> and processes this input.
OPTIONS -c Extracts strings from specified C source (next argument).
DOCUMENTATION xstr(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
-yacc
DESCRIPTION The yacc command converts specified grammar constructs into
tables for processing by a parsing algorithm.
SYNTAX yacc [ options ] grammar
grammar User input to be processed.
OPTIONS -d Writes all define statements to y.tab.h file.
-v Writes parsing tables and report of grammatical conflicts
to y.output file.
DOCUMENTATION yacc(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual
"Yacc: Yet Another Compiler-Compiler" in the ULTRIX-11
Supplementary Documents, Volume 2