-adb DESCRIPTION The adb command provides an interactive C program debugger that has a full subset of commands. SYNTAX adb [ -w ] [ object ] [ core ] object Name of object program to be debugged. If not specified, uses a.out in current directory. core Name of program's core dump. If not specified, uses core in current directory. OPTIONS -w Creates object and core files, if necessary. DOCUMENTATION adb(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual "A Tutorial Introduction to ADB" in the ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 1 -admin DESCRIPTION The SCCS admin command creates SCCS files or changes parameters of existing SCCS files. SYNTAX sccs admin [ options ] file... file Name of each file to be created or administered. OPTIONS -a Adds specified user (-aname) to list of those permitted to make changes (deltas) to existing SCCS files. -d Turns off (deletes) specified flag (-dxx). Useful flags are: b (allows branches), d (sets default delta number), i (treats no ID keywords as fatal error), and t (module type). For a complete list of flags, read the admin manual page. -e Erases specified user (-ename) from list of those permitted to make changes (deltas) to existing SCCS files. -f Turns on specified flag (-fxx). See -d option. -h Checks the structure of the SCCS file. -i Creates SCCS file (first delta) using text from specified file (-ifile). -m Inserts specified modification request numbers (-mlist). -n Creates a new SCCS file. -r Indicates initial release number (-r#). Must be used with -i option. If not specified, uses 1.0. -t Replaces descriptive text of an existing SCCS file with contents of specified file (-tfile). -y Inserts specified comment (-ystring) as comment for initial delta. If not specified, uses default comment line. -z Recomputes SCCS file checksum (used with corrupted SCCS files). DOCUMENTATION admin(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual "An Introduction to the Source Code Control System" in the ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 1 -apropos DESCRIPTION The apropos command displays the sections of the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual that contain references to each specified word in the title descriptions. SYNTAX apropos word... word Each word for which references are to be displayed. DOCUMENTATION apropos(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -ar DESCRIPTION The ar command creates and maintains archive libraries. SYNTAX ar key [ pos ] archive file... pos Key and file name (keyname) used in adding, moving, or replacing files. Position keys are: a (after file) and b or i (before file). If not specified, adds new file to end of archive. archive Name of archive library (file). file Name of each file to be archived. KEYS c Creates new archive, but suppresses normal message. d Deletes each named file from archive. l Uses local (current) directory when making a temporary copy of each specified file. m Moves each named file to position, if used, or end of archive. p Displays each specified file. q Quickly adds each named file to end of archive. r Replaces existing file and places new copy at position, if used, or at end of archive. If u character is added, checks modification date of both files. Then, replaces existing file only if its modification date is earlier than that of the new copy. t Displays table of contents containing each named file. If not specified, displays table containing all files. v Displays verbose information for each named file added to archive. x Extracts each named file from archive. If not specified, extracts all files from archive. DOCUMENTATION ar(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -as DESCRIPTION The as command assembles each specified file into a single executable program. SYNTAX as [ options ] file... file Name of each file to be assembled. OPTIONS - Treats all undefined symbols as globals. -V Leaves references to all global variables unresolved. -o Writes output to specified file (next argument). If not specified, defaults to a.out. DOCUMENTATION as(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual "Assembler Reference Manual" in the ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 2 -at DESCRIPTION The at command builds a script file to be executed by the shell at the later, designated time. SYNTAX at time [ day ] [ file ] time Up to 4 digits (hhmm, 24-hour clock) and optional letter: A (am), P (pm), N (noon), or M (midnight). day Either month name plus day number or day name. file Name of file from which commands for script are to be read. If not specified, reads stdin until <CTRL/D> and uses this as input. EXAMPLES at 1P fri report1 at 1000A jan20 report2 DOCUMENTATION at(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -awk DESCRIPTION The awk command provides a pattern scanning and processing language that has a full subset of language constructs. SYNTAX awk [ options ] [ string ] [ file... ] string Each pattern and action. For further information, read the awk manual page. file Name of each file to be scanned. If not specified, or if dash (-) is specified, reads stdin until <CTRL/D> and scans this input. OPTIONS -F Sets interfield separator to specified character (-Fc). -f Uses specified file (next argument) as input for patterns and actions. DOCUMENTATION awk(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual "Awk--A Pattern Scanning and Processing Language" in the ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 2 -basename DESCRIPTION The basename command strips all directory prefixes from the specified pathname. SYNTAX basename path [ suffix ] path Pathname from which all preceding directory names are to be deleted. suffix Suffix which, if present in pathname, also is to be deleted. DOCUMENTATION basename(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -bc DESCRIPTION The bc command provides an interactive arithmetic language processor that has a full language subset. SYNTAX bc [ options ] [ file... ] file Name of each file from which input is to be read. OPTIONS -c Compiles input only. -l Uses standard math library (/usr/lib/lib.b). DOCUMENTATION bc(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual "BC -- An Arbitrary Precision Desk-Calculator Language" in the ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 2 -bdiff DESCRIPTION The bdiff command displays the textual differences between two big files. SYNTAX bdiff file1 file2 [ lines ] [ -s ] file1 Names of files whose differences are to be file2 displayed. If - is specified for either file, reads stdin until <CTRL/D> in place of that file and displays differences between this input and data in the specified file. lines Number of lines each segment is to contain. If not specified, splits each file into segments containing 3500 lines each before determining their differences. OPTIONS -s Suppresses normal diagnostic messages. DOCUMENTATION bdiff(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -bfs DESCRIPTION The bfs command allows you to scan large text files (maximum 1024K bytes and 32K lines). SYNTAX bfs [ - ] file file Name of the file to be processed. OPTIONS - Suppresses all character count displays. DOCUMENTATION bfs(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -binmail DESCRIPTION The binmail command provides an interactive program with a full set of subcommands for sending or receiving mail messages. SYNTAX /bin/mail [ options ] [ user... ] user Name of each user to which mail is to be sent. If not specified, reads current mail, if any, from your mailbox file. OPTIONS -f Displays mail messages contained in the specified file (next argument) in place of your mailbox file. -p Displays mail messages directly (does not require disposition command). -q Exits binmail session without affecting (updating) your mailbox file. -r Displays mail messages in a first-in, first-out order. EXAMPLES /bin/mail /bin/mail -f mbox DOCUMENTATION binmail(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -cal DESCRIPTION The cal command displays a calendar for the specified month or year. SYNTAX cal [ month ] year month Month number: 1-12. If specified, displays calendar for that month only. year Year number: 1-9999. EXAMPLES cal 1985 cal 4 1900 DOCUMENTATION cal(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -calendar DESCRIPTION The calendar command provides a calendar reminder service by reading a user-created file and displaying all lines containing the current date. SYNTAX calendar [ - ] DOCUMENTATION calendar(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -cat DESCRIPTION The cat command concatenates each specified file into a continuous output stream. SYNTAX cat [ options ] file... file Name of each file to be concatenated. If not specified, reads stdin until <CTRL/D> and writes this input to stdout. OPTIONS -b Ignores all blank lines and precedes each output line with its line number. -e Displays a dollar sign ($) at end of each line. -n Precedes all output lines (including blank lines) with line numbers. -s Squeezes multiple blank lines from output: single spaces output. -t Displays all nonprinting character (including tabs): <CTRL/X> as ^X, <DELETE> as ^?, non-ASCII characters (with high bit set) as M- followed by low bits character, and tabs as ^I. -u Unbuffers all output. Normally, output is buffered. -v Displays all nonprinting characters (excluding tabs): <CTRL/X> as ^X, <DELETE> as ^?, and non-ASCII characters (with high bit set) as M- followed by low bits character. DOCUMENTATION cat(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -cb DESCRIPTION The cb command uniformly spaces and indents C programs. SYNTAX cb DOCUMENTATION cb(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -cc DESCRIPTION The cc command compiles and links C programs. SYNTAX cc [ options ] file... file Name of each file to compiled and/or linked. OPTIONS -B Finds substitutes for compiler passes from files with suffixes cpp, c0, c1, and c2 in named path (-Bpath). If path is not specified, uses /usr/c/o directory. -D Defines name to specified value (-Dname=value). If value not specified, defined to 1. -E Runs preprocessor (cpp) only and writes output to stdout. -I Searches named directory (-Idirectory) for include files. -N Places switch tables into text space. -O Uses the object code optimizer (c2). -P Runs preprocessor (cpp) and writes output to .i files. -S Compiles programs and writes output to .s files. -U Removes initial definition of name (-Uname). -V Generates code suitable for overlaid programs. -Y Compiles the named C programs with the SYSTEM V compatibility library. The /lib/libcV.a library is loaded prior to the /lib/libc.a library. -c Suppresses loading and produces an object (.o) file even if only one program is being complied. -o Writes output to specified file (next argument). -p Produces count of times each routine is called. -t Finds substitute compiler pass from path named with -B option and optional key (-t[x...]). Optional keys are: p (cpp), 0 (c0), 1 (c1), and 2 (c2). DOCUMENTATION cc(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual "A Tour through the UNIX C Compiler" in the ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 2 "The C Programming Language--Reference Manual" and "UNIX Programming--Second Edition" in the ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 1 -cd DESCRIPTION The cd command changes your current directory to the specified directory. SYNTAX cd [ directory ] directory Name of directory to be changed to. If not specified, changes to your home directory. DOCUMENTATION cd(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -cdc DESCRIPTION The SCCS cdc command changes the commentary for the specified release number (delta). SYNTAX sccs cdc [ options ] file... file Name of each file to be changed. OPTIONS -m Adds or deletes the specified modification numbers (-m##), from delta commentary. Must be used with -r option. -r Indicates delta number (-r#). -y Changes commentary to specified string (-ystring). Must be used with -r option. DOCUMENTATION cdc(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual "An Introduction to the Source Code Control System" in the ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 1 -check DESCRIPTION The SCCS check command displays a list of file names of SCCS files that are currently being edited. If none are being edited, returns exit status only. SYNTAX sccs check DOCUMENTATION "An Introduction to the Source Code Control System" in the ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 1 -checkeq DESCRIPTION The checkeq command checks each specified file for unmatched eqn codes. SYNTAX checkeq [ file... ] file Name of each file to be checked. If not specified, reads stdin until <CTRL/D> and checks this input. DOCUMENTATION eqn(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -checkmm DESCRIPTION The checkmm command checks the mm macro coding in the specified text file. SYNTAX checkmm [ file... ] file Name of each text file to be processed. If not specified, reads stdin until <CTRL/D> and processes this input. DOCUMENTATION mm(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual "Memorandum Macros" in the ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 1 -chfn DESCRIPTION The chfn command changes the personal information in your /etc/passwd entry. SYNTAX chfn DOCUMENTATION chfn(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -chgrp DESCRIPTION The chgrp command changes the group ID of each specified file to that of the named group. SYNTAX chgrp group file... group Name of group whose ID is to be applied. file Name of each file to be changed. EXAMPLES chgrp bin program1 program2 program3 DOCUMENTATION chown(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -chmod DESCRIPTION The chmod command changes the mode (access permissions) of each specified file. SYNTAX chmod mode file... mode Mode (access permissions) to be applied. You can specify mode in octal or symbolic representation (see below). file Name of each file to be changed. Octal representations are Symbolic representations are formed by adding: formed by combining, in order: 0400 Owner read permission u Owner 0200 Owner write permission g Group 0100 Owner execute permission o Other 0040 Group read permission + Adds permissions 0020 Group write permission - Removes permissions 0010 Group execute permission = Sets permissions 0004 Other read permission r Read permission 0002 Other write permission w Write permission 0001 Other execute permission x Execute permission Symbolic representation allows for multiple changes to the same setting group or groups and, when comma separated, to different setting groups (see first and second examples). For a list of other permissions settings, read chmod(1). EXAMPLES chmod go+rx-w project.dir chmod u+x,g=rw,o-r report chmod 740 report DOCUMENTATION chmod(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -chog DESCRIPTION The chog command changes the user and group IDs of each specified file to those of the named user. SYNTAX chog user file... user Login name of user whose IDs are to be applied. file Name of each file to be changed. EXAMPLES chog bill report program1 DOCUMENTATION chog(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -chown DESCRIPTION The chown command changes the user ID of each specified file to that of the named user. SYNTAX chown user file... user Login name of user whose ID is to be applied. file Name of each file to be changed. EXAMPLES chown bill program1 program2 DOCUMENTATION chmod(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -chroot DESCRIPTION The chroot command changes the root directory (/) to the specified directory and executes a new shell. SYNTAX chroot directory directory Name of the directory that is to become the new root directory. DOCUMENTATION chroot(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -chsh DESCRIPTION The chsh command changes your login shell. SYNTAX chsh user [ shell ] user Login name of user whose shell is to be changed. shell Name of shell to be changed to. If not specified, changes to /bin/sh. EXAMPLES chsh bill /bin/csh chsh bill DOCUMENTATION chsh(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -clean DESCRIPTION The SCCS clean command removes all SCCS files in the current directory that can be recreated. SYNTAX sccs clean DOCUMENTATION "An Introduction to the Source Code Control System" in the ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 1 -clear DESCRIPTION The clear command clears your terminal screen. SYNTAX clear DOCUMENTATION clear(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -clr DESCRIPTION The clr command clears your terminal screen. SYNTAX clr DOCUMENTATION clear(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual. -cmp DESCRIPTION The cmp command compares data from two files. SYNTAX cmp [ options ] file1 file2 file1 Names of two files to be compared. If - is file2 specified for file1, reads stdin until <CTRL/D> and compares this data with file2. OPTIONS -l Displays differences in long format: byte address where differences (decimal) and data differences (octal). -s Suppresses normal output and returns exit code only. Returns 0 if files are identical, 1 if different, and 2 if an error occurred. DOCUMENTATION cmp(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -col DESCRIPTION The col command processes line overlays and half-line feeds in text data. SYNTAX col [ options ] OPTIONS -b Specifies that output device does not have backspacing. -f Suppresses moving half lines to next full line. -x Suppresses conversion of white space to tabs. DOCUMENTATION col(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -comb DESCRIPTION The SCCS comb command combines delta versions of an SCCS file. SYNTAX sccs comb [ options ] file... file Name of each SCCS file to be processed. OPTIONS -c Preserves specified deltas (-clist). All other deltas are discarded. -o Causes reconstructed file to be accessed at release of delta to be created. -p Indicates oldest delta number (-p#) to preserve. -s Generates additional shell script that, when executed, reports: file name, size (blocks) after combining, size (blocks) of original, and percentage changed. DOCUMENTATION comb(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual "An Introduction to the Source Code Control System" in the ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 1 -comm DESCRIPTION The comm command compares data from two sorted files. SYNTAX comm [ options ] file1 file2 file1 Name of each file to be compared. If - is file2 specified for either file1 or file2, reads stdin until <CTRL/D> and compares input with that from named file. OPTIONS -1 Suppresses column one: lines in file1 only. -2 Suppresses column two: lines in file2 only. -3 Suppresses column three: lines in file1 and file2. EXAMPLES comm -1 program1 program2 comm -23 program1 program2 DOCUMENTATION comm(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -cp DESCRIPTION The cp command copies file data to another file or directory. SYNTAX cp file1 file2 cp file... directory file1 Name of file whose data is to be copied and file2 name given file into which data is copied. file Name of each file to be copied to directory. directory Name of directory into which each file is copied. EXAMPLES cp /usr/bin/program mycopy cp program1 program2 program3 mydirectory DOCUMENTATION cp(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -cpio DESCRIPTION The cpio command copies files in and out of archive libraries. SYNTAX cpio option[key] OPTIONS -i Copies in files that match the specified pattern (next argument). If the pattern is not specified, copies in all files. -o Reads stdin until <CTRL/D> and copies out the specified files. -p Copies file into the specified directory (next argument). KEYS B Resets the access time of each copied file. Can be used with the -o and -p. S Swaps half words while copying files in. Used with -i only. 6 Indicates file is in UNIX 6th edition format. Used with -i only. a Updates the access time of each copied file. Can be used with -o and -p. b Swaps both bytes and half words while copying files in. Used with -i only. c Creates header information in ASCII format. Used with -i and -o. d Creates directories as needed. Can be used with -i and -o. f Copies all files except those that match the specified pattern. Used with -i only. l Creates links wherever possible. Used with -p only. m Retains modification time for each copied file. Can be used with -i and -p. r Interactively renames files. Can be used with -i and -p. s Swaps bytes while copying files in. Used with -i only. t Displays the archive's table of contents or the files created. Used with -i only. u Copies files unconditionally. Can be used with -i and -p. v Displays detailed (verbose) information as it copies and/or creates file. DOCUMENTATION cpio(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -create DESCRIPTION The SCCS create command creates new SCCS files. SYNTAX sccs create file... file Name of each SCCS file to be created. DOCUMENTATION "An Introduction to the Source Code Control System" in the ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 1 -csh DESCRIPTION The csh command provides an interactive command interpreter that has a full subset of options, special characters, and control flow constructs. SYNTAX csh [ options ] [ arg... ] arg Name of each command to be executed and command options and arguments, if any. If not specified, invokes csh for interactive execution. OPTIONS -V Displays verbose information as input is read, even before .cshrc file is read. -X Display command sequence before execution, even before .cshrc file is read. -c Reads commands from specified file (next argument). -e Exits if any command terminates abnormally. -f Invokes fast startup: does not read .cshrc file. -i Invokes interactive shell (default). -n Reads commands only: does not execute them. -s Reads input from stdin. -t Exits after one command. -v Displays verbose information as input is read. -x Display command sequence before execution. DOCUMENTATION csh(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual "An introduction to the C shell" in the ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 1 -csplit DESCRIPTION The csplit command splits the specified file into smaller sized files. SYNTAX csplit [ options ] file arg... file Name of the file that is to be processed. arg Each context pattern string that determines how the file is to be split up. OPTIONS -f Uses the specified string (-fstring) as a name prefix for all created files. If not specified, uses xx prefix. -k Does not remove all created files if an error occurs. If not specified, removes all created files on error. -s Suppresses all character count displays. If not specified, displays character count for each file created. DOCUMENTATION csplit(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -ctags DESCRIPTION The ctags command creates a tags file for the ex editor from the specified C, PASCAL, or FORTRAN source file. SYNTAX ctags [ options ] file... file Name of each file to be processed. OPTIONS -B Uses backward pattern search. -F Uses forward pattern search. -a Appends information to an existing tags file. -t Create typedef tags. -u Updates the specified tags file. -v Produces an index for the generated output. -w Suppresses all diagnostic information. -x Generates a cross reference listing. DOCUMENTATION ctags(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -ctrace DESCRIPTION The ctrace command traces the statement-by-statement execution of the specified C program. SYNTAX ctrace [ options ] [ file ] file Name of the C program to be processed. If not specified, reads stdin until <CTRL/D> and processes this input. OPTIONS -P Runs the preprocessor on input before tracing its execution. -e Prints variables in floating point. -f Traces only the specified functions (next arguments). -l Uses the specified number (next argument) as the number of consecutive statements to be checked for loop tracing. If not specified, checks 20. -o Prints variables in octal format. -p Changes the print function according to the specified prefix (next argument). -r Uses the specified file (next argument) in place of the runtime.c trace package. -s Suppresses redundant trace output. -t Traces the specified number (next argument) of variables per statement. If not specified, traces 10. -u Prints variables in unsigned format. -v Traces all but the specified functions (next arguments). -x Prints variable in hexadecimal format. DOCUMENTATION ctrace(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -cu DESCRIPTION The cu command allows you to call and connect to a remote system. SYNTAX cu phone [ options ] phone Telephone number to be called. OPTIONS -# Uses specified number (#) as communications line special file. -a Uses specified special file (next argument) as ACU (auto call unit). If not specified, uses /dev/cua0. -l Uses specified special file (next argument) as the communications device. If not specified, uses /dev/cu10. -s Uses specified speed (next argument) as the baud rate. If not specified, uses 300. -t Dials out to terminal. DOCUMENTATION tip(1c) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -cut DESCRIPTION The cut command deletes selected fields of each line from the specified files. SYNTAX cut [ options ] file... file Name of each file to be processed. If not specified, reads stdin until <CTRL/D> and processes this input. OPTIONS -c Specifies the character positions to be cut out (-clist). -d Uses the specified character (-dx) as the field delimiter. If not specified, uses a tab. -f Specifies the fields (-flist) to be cut out. -s Suppresses all lines with no delimiter characters. If not specified, lines with no delimiters are passed through untouched. Used with the -f option only. DOCUMENTATION cut(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -date DESCRIPTION The date command displays the current date and time. SYNTAX date [ -u ] OPTIONS -u Displays time in GMT. EXAMPLES date date -u DOCUMENTATION date(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -dc DESCRIPTION The dc command provides an interactive desktop calculator that has a full language subset. SYNTAX dc [ file ] file Name of file from which data is to be read. DOCUMENTATION dc(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual "DC--An Interactive Desk Calculator" in the ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 2 -dcat DESCRIPTION The dcat command concatenates the contents of the specified DECnet files. SYNTAX dcat [ options ] file... file Name of each DECnet file to be processed. OPTIONS -d Displays debugging information in Data Access Protocol (DAP) message trace format. -v Displays the name of each DECnet file as processed. DOCUMENTATION dcat(1d) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual DECnet ULTRIX documentation -dcp DESCRIPTION The dcp command copies the specified file to and from DECnet nodes. SYNTAX dcp [ options ] ifile ofile ifile Name of each DECnet input file specification. ofile Name of each DECnet output file specification. OPTIONS -A Appends each input file to the specified output file. -P Copies and displays the name of each output file on close. -S Copies and executes each output file on the remote system. -a Copies each specified input file in ASCII mode. -d Displays debugging information in Data Access Protocol (DAP) message trace format. -i Copies each specified input file in image mode. -v Displays the name of each DECnet file processed on stderr. DOCUMENTATION dcp(1d) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual DECnet ULTRIX documentation -dd DESCRIPTION The dd command copies and converts file data. SYNTAX dd [ keyword ] KEYWORDS if= Name of input file. of= Name of output file. ibs= Sets input block size to # bytes. If not specified, defaults to 512. obs= Sets output block size to # bytes. If not specified, defaults to 512. bs= Sets input and output block size to # bytes. If specified, overrides ibs= and obs= keywords. cbs= Sets conversion buffer size to # bytes. Required with conv= keyword. skip= Skips # records before copying. files= Copies # files. seek= Seeks to #th record on output file before copying. count= Copies # input records. conv= Converts data: ascii (EBCDIC to ASCII), ebcdic (ASCII to EBCDIC), ibm (ASCII to EBCDIC, for IBM print chain), lcase (alphabetics to lower case), ucase (alphabetics to upper case), swap (swap every pair of bytes), noerror (continue on error), and sync (pad input records to input buffer size). EXAMPLES dd if=/dev/rht0 of=myfile ibs=800 cbs=80 conv=ascii,lcase DOCUMENTATION dd(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -deledit DESCRIPTION The SCCS deledit command, first, makes a new delta and, then, gets that delta for editing. SYNTAX sccs deledit file... file Name of each SCCS file to be processed. DOCUMENTATION "An Introduction to the Source Code Control System" in the ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 1 -delget DESCRIPTION The SCCS delget command, first, makes a new delta and, then, get a copy of that delta. SYNTAX sccs delget file... file Name of each SCCS file to be processed. DOCUMENTATION "An Introduction to the Source Code Control System" in the ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 1 -delta DESCRIPTION The SCCS delta command saves all changes made to an SCCS file by creating a new delta. SYNTAX sccs delta [ options ] file file Name of SCCS file to be processed. OPTIONS -g Ignores specified list of deltas (-gstring). -m Indicates the modification request number. -n Does not delete edited file. -p Displays differences before and after delta is applied. -r Indicates new delta release number (-r#). -s Suppresses all messages. -y Creates delta with specified commentary (-ystring). DOCUMENTATION delta(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual "An Introduction to the Source Code Control System" in the ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 1 -deroff DESCRIPTION The deroff command removes eqn, nroff, tbl, and troff coding from each specified file. SYNTAX deroff [ -w ] file... file Name of each file to be processed. OPTIONS -w Produces word list (one word per line) in place of normal output. DOCUMENTATION deroff(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -diff DESCRIPTION The diff command displays text differences between files. SYNTAX diff [ options ] file1 file2 file1 Names of files whose differences are to be file2 displayed. If - is specified for either file, reads stdin until <CTRL/D> in place of that file. Then, it displays differences between named file and this input. If a directory is specified for either file, uses file in that directory with same name as named file. Then, it displays differences in their data. OPTIONS -D Uses specified string (-Dstring) and creates merged version of file1 and file2. -S Beginning with the specified file (next argument) compares the files in the current directory. -b Ignores all trailing blanks. -c Displays specified number of context lines (-c#) with each output line. If number is not specified, displays three context lines. -e Writes output to ed script. -f Writes output to script, but in the reverse order. -h Makes hasty (quick) comparison. -l Displays output in long format. -r Recursively checks all files in common subdirectories. -s Displays names of files that are the same. DOCUMENTATION diff(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -diff3 DESCRIPTION The diff3 command compares the data in three specified files. SYNTAX diff3 [ options ] file1 file2 file3 file1 Name of each file to be processed. file2 file3 OPTIONS -3 Produces an ed editor script containing the changes between file1 and file2 that are to be incorporated into file3. -e Produces an ed editor script containing the changes between file2 and file3 that are to be incorporated into file1. -x Produces an ed editor script containing the changes between all three files. DOCUMENTATION diff3(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -dlogin DESCRIPTION The dlogin command allows you to log in to a remote DECnet host node. SYNTAX dlogin node [ options ] node Name of the remote DECnet host node. OPTIONS -e Uses the specified character (next argument) as the dlogin escape character. If not specified, uses ~ as the escape character. -l Uses the specified file (next argument) as the logfile for this session. DOCUMENTATION dlogin(1d) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual DECnet ULTRIX documentation -dls DESCRIPTION The dls command lists the contents of or generates statistics for the specified DECnet directory or file. SYNTAX dls [ options ] file file File specification for the remote DECnet directory or file. OPTIONS -C Lists the directory contents in multicolumn format. -1 Lists the directory contents in single column format. -a Lists all files including . and .. in an ULTRIX directory. -d Displays debugging information in Data Access Protocol (DAP) message trace format. -l Displays statistics for the contents of the DECnet directory in long format. DOCUMENTATION dls(1d) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual DECnet ULTRIX documentation -drm DESCRIPTION The drm command removes the specified file from a remote DECnet directory. SYNTAX drm [ -d ] file file File specification for the remote DECnet file. OPTIONS -d Displays debugging information in Data Access Protocol (DAP) message trace format. DOCUMENTATION drm(1d) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual DECnet ULTRIX documentation -du DESCRIPTION The du command displays the amount of disk usage for each specified directory or file. SYNTAX du [ options ] [ name... ] name Name of each directory or file for which usage summary is generated. If not specified, uses current directory. OPTIONS -a Displays disk usage for all files. -s Displays only summary total. DOCUMENTATION du(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -echo DESCRIPTION The echo command writes each specified argument to stdout. SYNTAX echo [ -n ] [ string... ] string Each argument to be written to stdout. The echo command separates all arguments with blanks and terminates string with a newline. OPTIONS -n Suppresses newlines from output. DOCUMENTATION echo(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -ed DESCRIPTION The ed command provides an interactive, line-oriented editor that has a full subset of commands. SYNTAX ed [ - ] [ file ] file Name of file to be edited. The ed command edits a copy of the named file and update source file only when the write command (w) is invoked. If not specified, edits unnamed temporary file. OPTIONS - Suppresses all character count displays. Normally, ed displays a character count when invoked, whenever you edit another file (e), read in data from another file (r), or write out to file (w). DOCUMENTATION ed(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual "A Tutorial Introduction to the UNIX Text Editor" and "Advanced Editing on UNIX" in the ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 1 -edit DESCRIPTION The SCCS edit command gets an SCCS file for editing. SYNTAX sccs edit [ options ] file file Name of the SCCS file to be processed. OPTIONS -b Creates a branch. -i Includes specified list of deltas (-istring). -r Indicates delta number (-r#) to get for editing. -x Excludes specified list of deltas (-xstring). DOCUMENTATION "An Introduction to the Source Code Control System" in the ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 1 -egrep DESCRIPTION The egrep command performs a fast search of each specified file for the designated extended expression. SYNTAX egrep [ options ] [ string ] [ file... ] string Pattern to be searched for. file Name of each file to be searched. OPTIONS -b Precedes each output line with its block number. -c Produces count of matching lines only. -e Uses specified expression (next argument) that begins with minus (-). -f Uses specified file (next argument) for input of regular expression. -h Suppresses file name headers from output. -l Lists files and matching lines only once, separated by newline. -n Precedes each matching line with its line number. -s Suppresses output and displays return code only: 0, if match found; 1, if none; 2, if error occurred. -v Displays all lines that do not match specified expression. DOCUMENTATION grep(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -eqn DESCRIPTION The eqn command provides a formatter for mathematic equations. SYNTAX eqn [ options ] [ file... ] file Name of each file to be processed. If not specified, reads stdin until <CTRL/D> and processes this input. OPTIONS -d Sets text delimiters to specified characters (-dxy). Both delimiters can be set to same character. -f Sets font to specified font number (-f#). -p Reduces point size by the specified points (-p#). -s Sets equation size to specified number (-s#). DOCUMENTATION eqn(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual "Typesetting Mathematics--User's Guide" in the ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 1 -error DESCRIPTION The error command analyzes and disperses compiler and processor error messages back into the source file. SYNTAX error [ options ] [ file ] file Name of the source file to be processed. If not specified, reads stdin until <CTRL/D> and processes this input. OPTIONS -I Ignores the functions listed in the specified file (next argument). -n Displays error messages at stderr but does not merge them back into the source file. -q Prompts before touching the source file. -s Displays statistics for each error type. -t Does not touch those files that match the specified suffix (next argument). -v Invokes the vi editor on each file that had been touched. DOCUMENTATION error(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -ex DESCRIPTION The ex command provides an interactive, line-oriented editor that has a display feature and a full subset of commands. SYNTAX ex [ options ] [ +cmd ] file... +cmd Starts edit session with specified command (cmd). file Name of each file to be edited. If more than one file is specified, edits each file in succession. For further information, read about the :n command in the ex manual page. OPTIONS - Suppresses all character count displays. Normally, ex displays a character count upon being invoked, whenever you edit another file (e), read-in data from another file (r), or write out to a file (w). -l Sets up edit session for LISP. -r Recovers edit session lost during a system crash. -t Searches file for and begins session at occurrence of specified string (next argument). -v Invokes full-screen text display (equivalent to vi editor). DOCUMENTATION ex(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual "Ex Reference Manual" in the ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 1 -expand DESCRIPTION The expand command expands all tabs in each specified file to spaces. SYNTAX expand [ options ] [ file... ] file Name of each file to be processed. If not specified, reads stdin until <CTRL/D> and processes this input. OPTIONS -# Sets tab stops the specified number of spaces (#) apart. If more than one number is specified (comma separated), sets them at the specified columns. DOCUMENTATION expand(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -expr DESCRIPTION The expr command evaluates each specified expression. SYNTAX expr expression... expression Name of each expression to be evaluated. For list of expressions, read the expr manual page. DOCUMENTATION expr(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -f DESCRIPTION The f command displays information about all users that are currently logged on the system. SYNTAX f DOCUMENTATION finger(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -f77 DESCRIPTION The f77 command compiles and links FORTRAN 77 programs. SYNTAX f77 [ options ] file... file Name of each FORTRAN 77 source file to be processed. OPTIONS -C Runs the compiler and checks that all subscripts are within declared boundaries. -E Uses specified character (-Ex) as the EFL option. -F Runs the EFL and Ratfor preprocessors only. -N Uses specified key and numbers (-N[key]nnn) to change the static compiler tables. The keys are: c Maximum depth for control statements. The default is 20. n Maximum number of identifiers. The default is 401. q Maximum number of equivalenced variables. The default is 150. s Maximum number of statement numbers. The default is 201. x Maximum number of external names. The default is 200. -O Uses the object code optimizer (/lib/c2). -R Uses the specified string (-Rstring) for a Ratfor option. -S Compiles files and writes output to .s files. -T Uses specified key and name (-T[key]name) as substitute compiler pass. The keys are: F Substitutes named file for /lib/crt0. M Substitutes named file for /usr/bin/m4. 1 Substitutes named file for /usr/c/oc1. 2 Substitutes named file for /usr/c/oc2. a Substitutes named file for /bin/as. l Substitutes named file for /bin/ld. -V Generates code suitable for overlaid programs. -c Suppresses loading and produces .o files. -f Uses the floating point interpreter. -m Uses the m4 preprocessor. -o Write output to the specified file (next argument). -onetrip Compiles do loops that are used only once. -p Displays count of times each routine is called. -u Makes default variable type "undefined". DOCUMENTATION f77(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual "A Portable Fortran 77 Compiler" in the ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 2 -factor DESCRIPTION The factor command factors the specified number. SYNTAX factor [ num ] num Number to be factored. If not specified, reads stdin until number is typed and displays its prime factors. EXAMPLES factor 36 DOCUMENTATION factor(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -false DESCRIPTION The false command forces an unsuccessful exit status. SYNTAX false DOCUMENTATION true(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -fgrep DESCRIPTION The fgrep command performs a fast, compact search of each specified file for the designated fixed pattern. SYNTAX fgrep [ options ] [ string ] [ file... ] string Pattern to be searched for. file Name of each file to be searched. OPTIONS -b Precedes each output line with its block number. -c Produces count of matching lines only. -e Uses specified expression (next argument) that begins with minus (-). -f Uses specified file (next argument) for input of regular expression. -h Suppresses file name headers from output. -l Lists files and matching lines only once, separated by newline. -n Precedes each matching line with its line number. -s Suppresses output and displays return code only: 0, if match found; 1, if none; 2, if error occurred. -v Displays all lines that do not match specified expression. -x Displays only lines that match in their entirety. DOCUMENTATION grep(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -file DESCRIPTION The file command attempts to determine the file type of each specified file. SYNTAX file file... file Name of each file whose data type is to be determined. DOCUMENTATION file(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -find DESCRIPTION The find command attempts to locate each specified file. SYNTAX find path expression path Pathname of directories to be searched for files that match specified expression. EXPRESSIONS -atime Tests if file has been accessed in specified number of days (next argument). -exec Tests true if specified command (next argument) returns a 0 on exit. -group Tests if group ID matches specified group name (next argument). -inum Tests if file has specified inode number (next argument). -links Tests if file has specified number of links (next argument). -mtime Tests if file has been modified in specified number of days (next argument). -name Tests if file has specified name (next argument). -newer Tests if file has been modified more recently than the specified file (next argument). -ok Executes the specified command (next argument) and displays output to stdout. -perm Tests if file has specified (octal) mode (next argument). -print Prints current pathname. -size Tests if file has specified number of blocks (next argument). -type Tests if file is specified type (next argument). -user Tests if file owner is specified user (next argument). DOCUMENTATION find(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -finger DESCRIPTION The finger command displays personal information about each user who has an account on the system. SYNTAX finger [ options ] [ user... ] user Login name of each user whose finger information is to be displayed. If not specified, displays summary list for all users currently logged in. OPTIONS -b Uses slightly briefer display. -f Suppresses normal header. -h Suppresses project information (.project) from display. -i Displays quick list that includes all idle time. -l Displays output in long format. -p Suppresses plan information (.plan) from display. -q Displays a quick list only. -s Displays output in short format. -w Displays output in narrow format. EXAMPLES finger finger bill jones mary finger -q DOCUMENTATION finger(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -fix DESCRIPTION The SCCS fix command removes the current delta and gets the earlier delta for edit. SYNTAX sccs fix file... file Name of each SCCS file to be processed. DOCUMENTATION "An Introduction to the Source Code Control System" in the ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 1 -fmt DESCRIPTION The fmt command formats text into single column paragraphs. SYNTAX fmt [ file ] file Name of the file to be processed. If not specified, reads stdin until <CTRL/D> and processes this input. DOCUMENTATION fmt(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -from DESCRIPTION The from command displays whom your mail is from. SYNTAX from [ options ] OPTIONS -f Uses specified file (next argument) instead of your normal mail file. If this option is used, but file argument is not specified, reads your mbox file. -s Determines if any new mail from specified user (next argument). EXAMPLES from from -f from -f -s mary DOCUMENTATION from(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -ftp DESCRIPTION The ftp command provides an interactive, user interface to the ARPANET standard File Transfer Protocol. SYNTAX ftp [ options ] [ system ] system Name of the destination system. If not specified, uses the system named by the subcommand. OPTIONS -d Enables debugging. -g Disables file name expansion. -i Disables prompting during multiple file transfers. -n Disables autologin during an initial connection. -v Displays all responses from the remote server as well as all data transfer statistics. DOCUMENTATION ftp(1c) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -get DESCRIPTION The SCCS get command gets a copy of an SCCS file. SYNTAX sccs get [ options ] file... file Name of each SCCS file to be processed. OPTIONS -a Retrieves the specified delta sequence number (-a#). -b Gets delta from new branch. Must be used with -e option. -c Does not apply to deltas created after specified date (-cdate). -e Gets specified delta version for edit. -g Suppresses getting text from delta. -i Includes specified list of deltas (-istring). -k Does not expand ID keywords. -l Writes delta summary to l-file. If optional p key is also specified (-lp), writes delta summary to stdout only. -m Precedes each text line with delta version number. -n Precedes each text line with identification keyword. -p Writes text to stdout. -r Indicates specified delta version number (-r#). -s Suppresses all messages. -t Gets most recently created (top) delta. -x Excludes specified list of deltas (-xstring). DOCUMENTATION get(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual "An Introduction to the Source Code Control System" in the ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 1 -getopt DESCRIPTION The getopt command parses and checks options that are specified on the command line. SYNTAX set - `getopt string $*` string Alphanumeric list of option letters. DOCUMENTATION getopt(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -graph DESCRIPTION The graph command draws a graph from the specified options. SYNTAX graph [ options ] OPTIONS -a Supplies abcissas automatically (not in input) and uses next two arguments to set spacing and starting point. -b Breaks graph after each label in input. -c Uses specified string (next argument) as label. -g Uses specified number (next argument) in setting up grid style: 0 (no grid), 1 (frame with ticks), and 3 (full grid). If not specified, uses 3. -h Uses specified number (next argument) as fraction of space for height. -l Uses specified string (next argument) as graph label. -m Uses specified number (next argument) in setting up line mode: 0 (disconnected) and 1 (connected). If not specified, uses 1. -r Uses specified number (next argument) as fraction of space to right before plotting. -s Saves screen (no erase) before plotting. -t Transposes vertical and horizontal axises. -u Uses specified number (next argument) as fraction of space up before plotting. -w Uses specified number (next argument) as fraction of space for width. -x Determines x axis logarithmically. -y Determines y axis logarithmically. DOCUMENTATION graph(1g) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -greek DESCRIPTION The greek command provides a filter that re-interprets all characters typed at your terminal to an extended character set. SYNTAX greek [ option ] OPTIONS -T Uses the specified name (next argument) as the terminal type. DOCUMENTATION greek(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -grep DESCRIPTION The grep command searches each specified file for the designated regular expression. SYNTAX grep [ options ] string [ file... ] string Pattern to be searched for. Patterns are limited to regular expressions. file Name of each file to be searched. OPTIONS -b Precedes each output line with its block number. -c Produces count of matching lines only. -e Uses specified expression (next argument) that begins with minus (-). -h Suppresses file name headers from output. -l Lists files and matching lines only once, separated by newline. -n Precedes each matching line with its line number. -s Suppresses output and display return code only: 0, if match found; 1, if none; 2, if error occurred. -v Displays all lines that do not match specified expression. -y Matches lowercase letters with uppercase. DOCUMENTATION grep(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -help DESCRIPTION The help command displays on-line help information. SYNTAX help [ arg... ] arg Menu, command, term, file, or kernel error message for which you want help information displayed. If not specified, displays help welcome menu. DOCUMENTATION help(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual ULTRIX-11 Help Facility Overview -hostid DESCRIPTION The hostid command displays the name of your current host system. SYNTAX hostid DOCUMENTATION hostid(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -hostname DESCRIPTION The hostname command displays your system's name. SYNTAX hostname DOCUMENTATION hostname(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -info DESCRIPTION The SCCS info command displays information about those SCCS files currently being edited. SYNTAX sccs info [ options ] OPTIONS -b Ignores branches. -u Displays information for SCCS files edited by specified user only (-uname). DOCUMENTATION "An Introduction to the Source Code Control System" in the ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 1 -ipcrm DESCRIPTION The ipcrm command removes the specified interprocess communication identifier. SYNTAX ipcrm [ options ] OPTIONS -Q Removes the message queue identifier specified by message key (next argument). -S Removes the message queue identifier specified by semaphore key (next argument). -q Removes the specified message queue identifier (next argument). -s Removes the specified semaphore queue identifier (next argument). DOCUMENTATION ipcrm(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -ipcs DESCRIPTION The ipcs command displays the status information for the current interprocess facilities. SYNTAX ipcs [ options ] OPTIONS -C Uses the specified core file (next argument) in place of /dev/kmem. -N Uses the specified namelist (next argument) in place of /unix. -a Uses all display options (shorthand for -b, -c, -o, -p, and -t). -b Displays the biggest allowable size information (maximum bytes in message and semaphores). -c Displays creator's login and group names. -o Displays the outstanding usage information (number of messages in queue and size of each). -p Displays the process ID information (last process to send and first process to receive). -q Displays information about active message queues. -s Displays information about active semaphore queues. -t Displays all time statistics. DOCUMENTATION ipcs(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -join DESCRIPTION The join command joins the data from two specified files. SYNTAX join [ options ] file1 file2 file1 Names of files whose data is to be joined. file2 OPTIONS -a Produces additional line for unpaired lines from specified file (-an). -e Uses specified replacement string (next argument) for all empty output fields (-e string). -j Joins mth field in nth file (-jn m). -o Uses specified list of fields (next argument) for output lines (-o n.m). -t Sets tab character (-tc). DOCUMENTATION join(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -kill DESCRIPTION The kill command sends a signal to the specified process. SYNTAX kill [ -signal ] pid... pid Process ID number of each process to receive signal. SIGNALS Signal number to be sent. If not specified, sends signal 15 (terminate). The signal most frequently sent is 9 (kill). Other signals sent by users are: 1 Hangup (SIGHUP) 2 Interrupt (SIGINT) 3 Quit (SIGQUIT) 4 Illegal instruction (SIGILL) 5 Trace trap (SIGTRAP) 6 IOT instruction (SIGIOT) 7 EMT instruction (SIGEMT) 8 Floating point exception (SIGFPE) 9 Kill process (SIGKILL) 10 Bus error (SIGBUS) 11 Segmentation violation (SIGSEGV) 12 Bad system call (SIGSYS) 13 Write to pipe with no one to read (SIGPIPE) 14 Alarm clock (SIGALRM) 15 Software termination (SIGTERM) 30 User-defined signal 1 (SIGUSR1) 31 User-defined signal 2 (SIGUSR2) EXAMPLES kill -9 12989 DOCUMENTATION kill(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -l11 DESCRIPTION The l11 command is the Macro-11 loader. SYNTAX l11 [ option ] file... file Name of each file to processed. OPTIONS - Suppresses all normal diagnostic messages. -K Precedes all global symbols with an underscore (_). -c Writes output to .o files. -go Preserves external symbols only in the output symbol table (excludes all nongobal symbols). -i Creates an output file with text and data in separate address space. -lp Prints the load map at the line printer. -mp Displays the load map at your terminal. -n Creates output file so text and data are shared and readonly. -no Runs pass1 and exits (does not create output file). -ns Strips symbol table and relocation bits from output file. -r Generates relocation bits in output file. -v Displays detailed (verbose) diagnostic information. DOCUMENTATION l11(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -last DESCRIPTION The last command displays the last login times for each specified user. SYNTAX last [ options ] [ user... ] [ tty... ] user Login name of each user for which information is to be specified. If not specified, displays all login records. tty Name of each tty for which the information is to be restricted. If not specified, displays information for all terminals. OPTIONS -# Limits the number of output lines to the specified number (#). DOCUMENTATION last(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -ld DESCRIPTION The ld command loads (combines) compiled C modules into one executable program. SYNTAX ld [ options ] file... file Name of each compiled C program module to be combined into one executable program. OPTIONS -D Uses specified number (next argument) as size of data segment. -L Marks end of all overlays. -O Loads overlaid file. -X Saves local symbols but those beginning with capital L. -Z Marks beginning of all overlays. -d Forces definition of common storage. -e Uses specified location (next argument) as entry point. -i Sets up separate instruction and data address space (data starts at location 0). -l Searches specified path (-lpath) for library. -n Loads text segment as read only (shared text). -o Uses specified file (next argument) as output file. If not specified, uses a.out. -r Generates relocation bits for another loader run. -s Strips symbol table and relocation bits from output. -u Enters specified symbol (next argument) in symbol table. -x Enters only external symbols in symbol table. DOCUMENTATION ld(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -learn DESCRIPTION The learn command provides computer-aided instruction about your ULTRIX-11 system. SYNTAX learn [ -directory ] [ subject [ lesson [ speed ] ] ] -directory Runs script from specified directory. subject Subject about which you want instruction. CAI exists for: editor, eqn, files, macros, morefiles, and C. If not specified, prompts you for desired subject. lesson Last lesson number. If specified, learn resumes with the next lesson. speed Level of difficulty. DOCUMENTATION learn(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual "LEARN--Computer-Aided Instruction on UNIX" in the ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 1 -lex DESCRIPTION The lex command generates programs that are to be used for lexically analyzing text files. SYNTAX lex [ options ] [ file... ] file Name of each file that contains a regular expression and its corresponding actions. If not specified, reads stdin until <CTRL/D> and uses this as input. OPTIONS -f Runs a faster compilation (does not pack resulting tables). -n Prints no summary information (default option). -t Writes output to stdout instead of a source file. -v Prints one line summary of generated statistics. DOCUMENTATION lex(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual "Lex--A Lexical Analyzer Generator in the ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 2 -line DESCRIPTION The line command reads one line from stdin and writes it to stdout. SYNTAX line DOCUMENTATION line(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -lint DESCRIPTION The lint program checks C programs. SYNTAX lint [ options ] file... file Name of each C program to be checked. OPTIONS -a Reports assignments of long values to integer variables. -b Reports break statements that cannot be reached. -c Reports casts which have questionable portability. -h Applies heuristic tests to detect bugs, improve style, and reduce waste. -n Does not check compatibility with standard library. -p Checks portability to IBM and GCOS dialects of C. -u Ignores all used functions and variables that are not defined or all defined functions and variables that are not used. -v Ignores all unused arguments in functions. -x Reports all external variables that are not used. DOCUMENTATION lint(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual "Lint, a C Program Checker" in the ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 1 -ln DESCRIPTION The ln command creates a new directory entry (link) to an existing file. SYNTAX ln [ options ] file1 [ file2 ] file1 Name of existing file and name given to new file2 directory entry (link). If not specified, uses name of existing file. OPTIONS -f Forces a link to an existing directory. This option is restricted to use by the superuser only. -s Creates a symbolic link. EXAMPLES ln /staff/fred/bin/program1 mycopy ln program1 /staff/dave/bin/mycopy DOCUMENTATION ln(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -login DESCRIPTION The login command allows you to log in to an ULTRIX-11 system. Normally, the login command is automatically invoked at your terminal during multiuser startup. SYNTAX login [ user ] user Login name of user. If not specified, prompts for user name. DOCUMENTATION login(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -look DESCRIPTION The look command finds lines in sorted data that begin with the specified pattern. SYNTAX look [ options ] string [ file ] string Pattern to be searched for. file Name of file to be searched. If not specified, uses /usr/dict/words with the -df options. OPTIONS -d Uses dictionary order: letters, digits, tabs, and blanks. -f Folds upper case to lower case (compares equally). DOCUMENTATION look(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -lookbib DESCRIPTION The lookbib command reads stdin until a <CTRL/D> for keywords and searches the bibliography database for all references to the specified keywords. SYNTAX lookbib [ file... ] file Name of each file to be searched. If not specified, searches /usr/dict/papers. DOCUMENTATION refer(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Guide -lorder DESCRIPTION The lorder command finds the ordering relationships between object files or library archive files. SYNTAX lorder file... file Name of each file to be processed. DOCUMENTATION lorder(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -lpq DESCRIPTION The lpq command displays the status of the line printer queue. SYNTAX lpq [ options ] [ job... ] [ user... ] job Number of each job for which status information is displayed. user Login name of each user for whom status information is to be displayed. OPTIONS -P Displays status for specified printer queue (-Pprinter). -l Displays queue status in long format. EXAMPLES lpq lpq -Plp2 bill DOCUMENTATION lpq(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -lpr DESCRIPTION The lpr command submits jobs to the line printer queue. SYNTAX lpr [ options ] [ file... ] file Name of each file to be submitted. If not specified, reads stdin until <CTRL/D> and submits this input. OPTIONS -C Prints file with specified hostname in header (-Cname). -J Prints each file with specified header name (-Jname) instead file name on header. -P Submits file to specified printer queue (-Pprinter). -## Prints the specified number of copies (for example, -#3). -c Copies each file before submitting it to print queue. -h Prints each file with specified header name (-hname) instead of its file name. -i Indents printout specified number of spaces (-i#). If number is not specified, defaults to 8. -m Mails a job completion message. -p Paginates printout. -r Removes each file after submitting it to printer queue. DOCUMENTATION lpr(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -lprm DESCRIPTION The lprm command removes jobs submitted to the printer queue. SYNTAX lprm [ options ] [ job... ] [ user... ] job Number of each job that is to be removed. user Login name of each user whose jobs are to be removed. OPTIONS - Removes all jobs owned by you only. -P Removes jobs from specified printer queue (-Pprinter). EXAMPLES lprm lprm -Plp2 bill lprm 438 DOCUMENTATION lprm(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -ls DESCRIPTION The ls command lists and generates statistics on files. SYNTAX ls [ options ] [ file... ] file Name of each directory or file for which a list and/or statistics are to be generated. If not specified, lists and/or generates statistics for all files in your current directory. OPTIONS -C Forces multicolumn output for a pipe or filter. -F Marks directories with slash (/) and executable files with an asterisk (*). -R Recursively lists all subdirectories. -1 Displays one entry per line. -a Displays all entries (including those beginning with a period (.). -b Displays nonprintable characters as \nnn (octal). -c Sorts entries by time of creation, not by name. -d Displays names of directories only, not contents. -f Displays names in the order they exist in directory. -g Displays group ID, not owner ID (used with -l only). -i Displays corresponding inumbers (column 1) for all files. -l Displays file statistics: mode (permissions), link count, owner, size (bytes), and time last modified. -m Forces stream output, not multicolumn format. -q Displays nonprintable characters as a question mark (?). -r Sorts entries in reverse alphabetic or time order. -s Displays size in blocks (including indirect blocks). -t Sorts by time modified (latest first), not by name. -u Sorts by time last accessed (latest first), not by name. -x Forces sorted columnar printing (usually one column/page). DOCUMENTATION ls(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -ltf DESCRIPTION The ltf command (Labeled Tape Facility) reads and writes Versions 3 and 4 ANSI-compatible tape volumes. SYNTAX ltf option[keys] file... file Name of each file to be processed. OPTIONS -c Creates a new tape volume. -t Lists the names of each file on the volume. -x Extracts each named file from the volume. KEYS B Uses the specified number (next argument) as the blocking factor on write operations. If not specified, sets the blocking factor to 2048-bytes (maximum allowed). I Reads the file names to be processed from the specified file (next argument). If - is specified as the file, reads stdin and prompts for all required information. L Uses the specified six characters (next argument) as the volume label. O Omits headers the optional headers HDR3-HDR9. P Positions the volume at the specified file sequence and section number (next argument) before beginning the requested action (-t and -x options only). R Uses the specified number (next argument) as the the volume record length. If not specified, sets record length to 512-bytes. V Displays verbose information about directories as well as files on the volume. 0-9 Uses the specified tape unit number. Can be used g, k, and n keys. a Creates the volume in Version 3 ANSI-compatible format. If not specified, uses Version 4 format. f Uses the specified special file (next argument) as the tape device name. If not specified, uses /dev/rht0. g Specifies 6250 GCR tape. h Writes all files that are pointed to be a symbolic link to the volume in place of recreating each symbolic link on the volume. k Specifies TK50 tape cartridge. n Specifies 800 bpi tape. o Omits directory blocks from the volume. p Restores each file with its original mode, owner (user ID), and group ID. Can be used with the -x option and by the superuser only. v Displays verbose information about files on the volume only. w Displays a warning if, when creating a volume (-c), a file is in danger of being truncated or, when extracting a file (-x), a file is in danger of being overwritten. EXAMPLES ltf -cfB /dev/rht1 100 file... DOCUMENTATION ltf(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -m11 DESCRIPTION The m11 command is the Macro-11 assembler. SYNTAX m11 [ options ] file... file Name of each file to be assembled. OPTIONS -cr Generates a cross reference list from the specified keys(-cr:keys). The keys consist of a colon separated list from: sym (user-defined symbols), mac (macro names), per (permanent symbols), pse (psect names), err (errors), and reg (registers). -da Redefines default .asect attributes to specified string (-da:string). -de Mimics DEC Macro-11 assembly. -dp Redefines either default .psect attributes and unnamed .csect from specified string (-dp:string) or default named .csect attribute (-dp:c). -ds Simulates an initial .dsbl directive from the specified string (-ds:string). -en Simulates an initial .enabl directive from the specified string (-en:string). -fl Produces a listing in structured format. -ha Mimics Harvard Macro-11 assembly. -l0 Generates an error when PDP-11 instruction set does not contain the op code. -li Simulates an initial .list directive from the specified string (-li:string). -lp Spools assembly listing for printing. -ls Generates assembly listing and writes it to .lst file. -lt Generates an assembly listing and writes it to stdout. -my Generates a listing as it appears after macro expansion but excludes macro calls, conditional directives, and so on. -mx Same as -my option but includes macro calls, conditional directives, and so on. -na Uses specified name (-na:name) for output file. -nl Simulates an initial .nlist directive from the specified string (-nl:string). -no Checks syntax and listing but does not produce the object file. -ns Does not include the symbol table in the object file. -sx Includes local symbols in the symbol table. -u Treats form feeds as spaces. -uc Simulates an initial .dsabl directive. -um Converts all macro definitions to upper case. -xs Generates the symbol table and macro storage with the specified K words size (-xs:nn). -xx Displays debugging information. DOCUMENTATION m11(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -m4 DESCRIPTION The m4 command is a macro preprocessor for C, Ratfor, and other languages. SYNTAX m4 [ file... ] file Name of each file to be processed. If not specified, or if - is specified in file list, reads stdin until <CTRL/D> and processes this input. DOCUMENTATION m4(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual "The M4 Processor" in the ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 2 -mail DESCRIPTION The mail command provides an interactive program with a full subset of commands for sending or reading mail messages. SYNTAX mail [ options ] [ user... ] user Login name of each user to which the message is sent. If not specified, reads your mail account for messages. OPTIONS -f Checks specified file (next argument) instead of your normal account for mail. -i Ignores all tty-generated interrupt signals. -n Ignores /usr/lib/Mail.rc during startup. -s Uses specified subject (next argument) for header. -u Checks specified user's (next argument) account for mail. -v Displays verbose delivery information. DOCUMENTATION mail(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual "MAIL REFERENCE MANUAL" in the ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 1 -make DESCRIPTION The make command updates program groups. SYNTAX make [ options ] file... OPTIONS -b Runs in compatibility mode for old makefiles. -d Displays detailed information about file and times examined (debug mode). -e Overrides makefile assignments with environment variables. -f Uses specified file (next argument) as input. If not specified, uses makefile and Makefile, respectively, in current directory . If - is specified, reads stdin until <CTRL/D> and uses this as input. -i Ignores returned error codes. -k Stops processing current entry on nonzero return, but continues with other branches that do not depend on that entry. -m Displays memory map: text, data, and stack. -n Displays but does not execute commands needed to update target programs. -p Displays macro definitions and target descriptions. -q Returns zero exit status if file is updated or nonzero exit status if file is not updated. -r Does not use built-in rules. -s Does not display commands before execution (silent mode). -t Touches (updates) modification date only of each target program. DOCUMENTATION make(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual "Make--A Program for Maintaining Computer Programs" in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual, Vol. 2A -man DESCRIPTION The man command displays manual pages at your terminal. SYNTAX man [ options ] [ section ] title... section Section of the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual. If not specified, searches all sections. title Name of user command, system call, subroutine, special file, file format, game, or maintenance command to be displayed. OPTIONS - Squeezes multiple blank lines from output. -f Displays one-line summary of each manual page that contains one of the specified file names (next arguments). -k Displays one-line summary of each manual page that contains one of the specified keywords (next arguments). -t Phototypesets output (uses troff). EXAMPLES man 1 sync man 2 sync DOCUMENTATION man(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -mdtar DESCRIPTION The mdtar command archives files to and from multiple RX50 diskettes. SYNTAX mdtar [ -C ] [ keys ] [ file... ] file Name of each file to be archived. OPTIONS -C Changes directories to that in the specified path (next argument) before processing. This option can be used multiple times on the same command line. KEYS A Uses the specified number (next argument) as archive with which to begin the output. B Forces input and output blocking to 20 blocks per record. D Specifies all directory output to be in v7tar format. F Skips all SCCS directories, core files, and err files. If additional F key (FF) is specified, also skips all a.out and .o files. H Displays help summary of all keys. M Specifies the maximum archive number (1-99) to be written (next argument). N Suppresses multivolume, file-splitting, and new header format from output. O Additionally displays file owner and group names for t and x keys. For c, r, and u keys, displays warning message if user and group IDs cannot be found in /etc/passwd or /etc/group, respectively. S Creates output with /USER/GROUP standard archive headers. V Displays expanded verbose information about all directories as well as files on the volume. 0-9 Uses specified drive number as alternate on which archive is mounted. If not specified, uses /dev/rht0. b Uses specified number (next argument) as the blocking factor. If not specified, uses 20 blocks. c Creates a new archive library. d Specifies RX50 as the device: uses /dev/rrx1. f Uses specified file (next argument) as the name of the archive. If not specified, uses /dev/rht0. g Specifies 6250 bpi tape: uses /dev/rgt0. h Saves a copy of the file (excludes symbolic links). i Ignores checksum errors. k Specifies TK50 as the device: uses /dev/rtk0. l Displays error message if links cannot be resolved. m Does not restore file modification time. n Specifies 800 bp1 tape: uses /dev/rmt0. o Suppresses all directory information. p Restores each specified file to its original mode. r Writes each specified file to the end of archive. s Uses specified number (next argument) as size of media in 512-byte blocks. t Generates archive table of contents. u Updates the archive library: adds each if only if it either is not already in archive or has been modified since originally archived. v Displays detailed (verbose) information as it archives files. w Displays action to be taken for each file and prompts for confirmation. x Extracts each specified file from the archive. EXAMPLES mdtar c -C /usr/include -C /etc mdtar cvb 10 / DOCUMENTATION tar(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -mesg DESCRIPTION The mesg command allows you to permit or deny messages. SYNTAX mesg [ n ] [ y ] n Disallows messages from other users. y Allows messages from other users. EXAMPLES mesg n mesg y DOCUMENTATION mesg(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -mkdir DESCRIPTION The mkdir command makes new directories. SYNTAX mkdir name... name Name of each new directory to be created. EXAMPLES mkdir newdir1 newdir2 DOCUMENTATION mkdir(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -mkstr DESCRIPTION The mkstr command creates a message file from C programs. SYNTAX mkstr [ - ] msgfile prefix file... msgfile Name of file into which error messages are written. prefix Prefix name to be used in creating copies of processed C source. file Name of each C program to be processed. If pathnames are not specified, searches current directory for each specified file. OPTIONS - Places error messages at end of specified message file. DOCUMENTATION mkstr(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -mm DESCRIPTION The mm command formats text using nroff and the mm macro package. SYNTAX mm [ options ] [ file... ] file Name of each text file to be processed. If not specified, reads stdin until <CTRL/D> and processes this input. OPTIONS -E Invokes nroff with the -e option specified. -T Uses the specified string (-Tstring) as the output terminal type. If not specified, uses the type defined by the TERM environment variable. -c Invokes the col command to process the input. -e Invokes the neqn command to process the input. -l2 Formats the document in 12 pitch. -t Invokes the tbl command to process the input. -y Uses the uncompacted versions of the mm macros. DOCUMENTATION mm(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual "Memorandum Macros" in the ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 2 -mmt DESCRIPTION The mmt command formats text using troff and the mm macro package. SYNTAX mmt [ options ] [ file... ] file Name of each text file to be processed. If not specified, reads stdin until <CTRL/D> and processes this input. OPTIONS -T4014 Invokes the tc command to process the output for the Tektronix 4014 terminal. -Ttek Same as -T4014 option. -Tst Writes output to the MH STARE facility. -Tvp Writes output to the Versatec printer. -a Invokes troff with the -a option specified. -e Invokes the eqn command to process the input. -t Invokes the tbl command to process the input. -y Uses the uncompacted mm macros. DOCUMENTATION mmt(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual "Memorandum Macros" in the ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 2 -more DESCRIPTION The more command displays file data at your terminal. SYNTAX more [ options ] [ +number ] [ +/string ] file... +number Use specified line number as place to start display. +/string Pattern to be searched for. If found, display starts with two lines immediately preceding the line containing the pattern. file Name of each file to be displayed. OPTIONS -# Uses specified number (#) as screen window size. -c Clears screen (starting from the top) as it displays next screen of data. -d Displays extended continuation prompt at end of each display. -f Counts logical text lines (does not fold long lines). Normally, counts literal lines (including folded lines containing escape sequences). -l Ignores line feeds (^Ls). Normally, pauses at line feeds. -s Squeezes multiple blank lines from output. -u Ignores all underlining in the data. EXAMPLES more program1 more program1 program2 DOCUMENTATION more(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -mt DESCRIPTION The mt command allows you to send commands directly to the specified tape drive. SYNTAX mt [ -f ] cmd cmd Command to be performed. OPTIONS -f Uses the specified file (next argument) as the tape device. If not specified, uses /dev/nrht0. COMMANDS bsf Moves back the specified number of files (next argument). bsr Moves back the specified number of records (next argument). cache Enables caching (TK50/TU81 only). cls Clears the subsystem. clx Reinitializes the tape unit. cse Clears EOT (software clear). diseot Disables EOT driver code. enaeot Enables default EOT driver code. eof Write the specified number of EOF marks (next argument) at the current tape position. fsf Moves forward the specified number of files (next argument). fsr Moves forward the specified number of records (next argument). nocache Disables caching (TK50/TU81 only). offline Rewinds the tape and places the unit off line. rewind Rewinds the tape. rewoffl Rewinds the tape and places the unit off line. status Displays status information. weof Write the specified number of EOF marks (next argument) at the current tape position. DOCUMENTATION mt(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -mv DESCRIPTION The mv command renames or moves files and directories. SYNTAX mv file1 file2 mv file... directory file1 Name of existing file or directory and new file2 file name. file Name of each file to be moved to specified directory. directory Name of directory to which each named file is to be moved. EXAMPLES mv program1 old.program mv directory1 groupdir mv program1 program2 program3 /usr/staff/projectdir DOCUMENTATION mv(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -mvt DESCRIPTION The mvt command formats text using troff and the mv macro package. SYNTAX mvt [ options ] [ file... ] file Name of each text file to be processed. If not specified, reads stdin until <CTRL/D> and processes this input. OPTIONS -T4014 Invokes the tc command to process the output for the Tektronix 4014 terminal. -Ttek Same as -T4014 option. -Tst Writes output to the MH STARE facility. -Tvp Writes output to the Versatec printer. -a Invokes troff with the -a option specified. -e Invokes the eqn command to process the input. -t Invokes the tbl command to process the input. -y Uses the uncompacted mm macros. DOCUMENTATION mmt(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual "Viewgraphs and Slides Macros" in the ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 2 -neqn DESCRIPTION The neqn command formats mathematic equations to be displayed at your terminal. SYNTAX neqn [ options ] [ file... ] file Name of each file to be processed. If not specified, reads stdin until <CTRL/D> and processes this input. OPTIONS -d Sets text delimiters to specified characters (-dxy). Both delimiters can be set to same character. -f Sets font to specified font number (-f#). -p Reduces point size by specified points (-p#). -s Sets equation size to specified number (-s#). DOCUMENTATION eqn(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual "Typesetting Mathematics--User's Guide" in the ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 1 -netstat DESCRIPTION The netstat command displays the status information for your local area network. SYNTAX netstat [ options ] [ interval ] [ system ] [ core ] interval Displays status information every interval seconds. system Name of the system file to be used in place of /unix. core Name of the core file to be used in place of /dev/kmem. OPTIONS -A Displays the addresses of any associated protocol control blocks. -a Displays information for all sockets. If not specified, does not display information for sockets used by server processes. -i Displays status information for autoconfigured interfaces. -m Displays information for the memory management routines. -n Displays network addresses as numbers. -r Displays network routing tables. -s Displays protocol statistics. -t Displays time since interface routine startups. DOCUMENTATION netstat(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -newgrp DESCRIPTION The newgrp command changes your current group ID to that of the specified group. SYNTAX newgrp group group Group name to be changed to. EXAMPLES newgrp staff2 DOCUMENTATION newgrp(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -nice DESCRIPTION The nice command executes the specified command at a lower scheduling priority. SYNTAX nice [ -n ] cmd [ arg... ] cmd Command to be executed. arg Each argument for specified command. OPTIONS -# Uses specified number (#) as increment for priority. If number is not specified, increments priority by 10. EXAMPLES nice -20 nroff -ms report1 report2 | lpr DOCUMENTATION nice(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -nl DESCRIPTION The nl command displays the text from each specified file with line numbers. SYNTAX nl [ options ] [ file... ] OPTIONS -b Displays line numbers for text lines which match the specified type (-btype). The type can be: a (all lines), t (lines with printable text only), n (no line numbering), pstring (lines that match the specified string). The default is a. -d Uses the specified characters as delimiters (-dxx). -f Displays line numbers for footer lines that match the specified type (-ftype). See type above. -h Displays line numbers for header lines that match the specified type (-htype). See type above. -i Uses the specified number (-i#) as the increment value for numbering lines. -l Uses the specified number (-l#) as the number of blank lines to fold together while numbering. -n Formats line numbers according to the specified key (-nkey). The key can be: ln (left justified), rn (right justified), and ra (right justified with leading zeroes). -p Does not restart numbering at logical page breaks. -s Uses the specified character (-sx) to mark the separation of line numbers and text. -v Starts line numbers with the specified number (-v#). -w Uses the specified number (-w#) as the number of characters for the line number display. If not specified, uses 6. DOCUMENTATION nl(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -nm DESCRIPTION The nm command displays the name list (symbolic table) for each specified object file. SYNTAX nm [ options ] [ file... ] file Name of each object file to be processed. If not specified, displays name list for a.out. If archive file is specified, displays name list for each object file in archive. OPTIONS -g Displays global (external) symbols only. -n Sorts display numerically, not alphabetically (default). -o Prepends file name to each output line, not once for each group (default). -p Displays in symbol table order (no sorts performed). -r Sorts display in reverse order. -u Displays undefined symbols only. DOCUMENTATION nm(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -nohup DESCRIPTION The nohup command executes the specified command with hangups and termination signals from the controlling terminal disabled. SYNTAX nohup cmd [ arg... ] cmd Command to be executed. arg Each argument for specified command. EXAMPLES nohup nroff -ms report1 report2 | lpr DOCUMENTATION nice(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -nroff DESCRIPTION The nroff command provides a formatter with a full subset of formatting macros. SYNTAX nroff [ options ] [ file... ] file Name of each file to be formatted. If not specified, or if - is specified, reads stdin until <CTRL/D> and formats this input. OPTIONS -T Uses specified name (-Tname) as terminal for which output is prepared. -e Formats text with equally spaced words, justified lines, and full terminal resolution. -h Uses tabs in horizontal spacing to speed up output and reduce output character count. -i Reads stdin after input files are processed. -m Uses specified macro package (-mxx) in formatting text. -n Uses specified number (-n#) as first page to be printed. -o Uses specified list (-olist) as only pages to be printed. -q Invokes simultaneous input/output mode. -r Sets named register to specified value (-rxvalue). -s Stops after specified number of pages (-s#). DOCUMENTATION troff(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual "NROFF/TROFF User's Manual" and "A TROFF Tutorial" in the ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 1 -od DESCRIPTION The od command creates a dump of the specified file. SYNTAX od [ options ] [ file ] [ [ + ]offset[ . ][ b ] ] file Name of file to be dumped. If not specified, reads stdin until <CTRL/D> and dumps this input. offset Position in the file where the dump is to begin. If file is not specified, offset must be preceded by plus (+). If . suffix is specified, offset is interpreted in decimal. If b suffix is specified, offset is interpreted in 512-byte blocks. OPTIONS -b Displays bytes in octal. -c Displays bytes in ASCII (nonprintable characters in C escapes equivalences or octal numbers). -d Displays words in decimal. -o Displays words in octal (default). -x Displays words in hexadecimal. DOCUMENTATION od(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -osdd DESCRIPTION The osdd command formats text using nroff and the mosd macro package. SYNTAX osdd [ options ] [ file... ] file Name of each text file to be processed. If not specified, reads stdin until <CTRL/D> and processes this input. OPTIONS -E Invokes nroff with the -a option specified. -T Uses the specified string (-Tstring) as the output terminal type. If not specified, uses the type defined by the TERM environment variable. -c Invokes the col command to process the input. -e Invokes the neqn command to process the input. -l2 Formats the document in 12 pitch. -t Invokes the tbl command to process the input. -y Uses the uncompacted versions of the mm macros. DOCUMENTATION mm(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual "Memorandum Macros" in the ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 2 -pack DESCRIPTION The pack command compresses the data in each specified file. SYNTAX pack [ options ] file... file Name of each file to be processed. OPTIONS - Displays the number of times each byte is used, its relative frequency, and its code. -f Forces compression of the specified file. This option is useful for compressing an entire directory. DOCUMENTATION pack(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -page DESCRIPTION The page command displays file data at your terminal. SYNTAX page [ options ] [ +number ] [ +/string ] file... +number Use specified line number as place to start the display. +/string Pattern to be searched for. If found, display starts with two lines immediately preceding the line containing the pattern. file Name of each file to be displayed. OPTIONS -# Uses specified number (#) as screen window size. -d Displays extended continuation prompt at end of each display. -f Counts logical text lines (does not fold long lines). Normally, counts literal lines (including folded lines containing escape sequences). -l Ignores line feeds (^Ls). Normally, pauses at line feeds. -s Squeezes multiple blank lines from output. -u Ignores all underlining in the data. DOCUMENTATION more(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -passwd DESCRIPTION The passwd command changes your login password. SYNTAX passwd [ -g ] OPTIONS -g Changes the password entry in the /etc/group file for the specified group (next argument). This option is restricted to use by the superuser only. DOCUMENTATION passwd(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -paste DESCRIPTION The paste command merges file data. SYNTAX paste [ options ] file... file Name of each file whose data is to be merged. If - is specified for any file, reads stdin until <CTRL/D> and merges this input with named files. OPTIONS -d Replaces the newline characters of all but last file with tabs (column separators). If list of characters is added (-dlist), uses these characters circularly in place of tabs. The list may contain the following C escapes: \n (newline) \t (tab) \\ (backslash) \0 (empty string). -s Merges subsequent lines rather than one from each file. Also uses tabs as column separators in all but last file, except when used with -dlist option. DOCUMENTATION paste(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -pcat DESCRIPTION The pcat command concatenates the compressed data for each specified file into a continuous output stream. SYNTAX pcat file... file Name of each file to be processed. DOCUMENTATION pack(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -pcc DESCRIPTION The pcc command is the portable C compiler. SYNTAX pcc [ options ] file... file Name of each file to be processed. OPTIONS -D Defines name to specified value (-Dname=value). If value not specified, defined to 1. -I Searches named directory (-Idirectory) for include files. -N Places switch tables into text space. -O Uses the object code optimizer (c2). -P Runs preprocessor (cpp) and writes output to .i files. -S Compiles programs and writes output to .s files. -U Removes initial definition of name (-Uname). -V Generates code suitable for overlaid programs. -c Suppresses loading and produces an object (.o) file even if only one program is being complied. -o Writes output to specified file (next argument). -p Produces count of times each routine is called. DOCUMENTATION cc(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual "A Tour through the UNIX C Compiler" in the ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 2 "The C Programming Language--Reference Manual" and "UNIX Programming--Second Edition" in the ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 1 -pi DESCRIPTION The pi command translates the specified Pascal program into object code. SYNTAX pi [ options ] file... file Name of the Pascal source file to be processed. OPTIONS -b Block buffers the output. -i Enables the listing for any specified procedures and functions, and while processing any specified include files. -l Creates a program listing while translating source. -n Begins each listed include file on a new page and with a banner line. -p Suppresses control flow backtraces on error. -s Accepts standard Pascal only. -t Suppresses runtime test of subrange variables. -u Runs in card image mode. -w Suppresses all warning diagnostics. -z Enables execution profiling. DOCUMENTATION pi(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual "Berkeley Pascal User's Guide" in the ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 2 -pix DESCRIPTION The pix command translates the specified Pascal source file and then executes the resulting object code. SYNTAX pix [ options ] file [ arg... ] file Name of the Pascal source file to be processed. arg Each argument that is to be passed to the Pascal program during its execution. OPTIONS -b Block buffers the output. -i Enables the listing for any specified procedures and functions, and while processing any specified include files. -l Creates a program listing while translating source. -n Begins each listed include file on a new page and with a banner line. -p Suppresses control flow backtraces on error. -s Accepts standard Pascal only. -t Suppresses runtime test of subrange variables. -u Runs in card image mode. -w Suppresses all warning diagnostics. -z Enables execution profiling. DOCUMENTATION pix(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual "Berkeley Pascal User's Guide" in the ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 2 -plot DESCRIPTION The plot command produces plotting instructions for the specified terminal. SYNTAX plot [ options ] OPTIONS raster Uses the scan-converted image from /usr/tmp/raster and sends the output directly to the plotter. -T Uses the specified name (-Tname) as the terminal type for which plotting instructions are to be generated. DOCUMENTATION plot(1g) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -pr DESCRIPTION The pr command prints and paginates file data. SYNTAX pr [ options ] [ +num ] [ file... ] +num Begins printing with specified page number. file Name of each file to be printed. OPTIONS -# Prints output in specified number of columns (-#). -h Prints output with specified header (next argument). -l Uses specified number (-l#) as lines per page. If not specified, uses 66 lines/page. -m Prints all files simultaneously, in multicolumns. -s Uses specified character (-sc) as column separator. If character not specified, uses tab. -t Prints data without 5-line header and trailer. -w Uses specified number (-w#) as page width (in characters). If not specified, uses 72 characters. DOCUMENTATION pr(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -prep DESCRIPTION The prep command produces a word list from file data. SYNTAX prep [ options ] file... file Name of each file to be processed. OPTIONS -d Lists word number with word. -i Ignores specified file (next argument). If -d is specified, counts words but does not include them in list. -o Lists words only in specified file (next argument). If -d is specified, counts words from other files but does not include them in list. -p Lists all punctuation on separate output lines. If -d also is specified, does not count them as words. DOCUMENTATION prep(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -primes DESCRIPTION The primes command reads stdin until <RETURN> and displays all primes that are greater than or equal to the specified number. SYNTAX primes DOCUMENTATION factor(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -print DESCRIPTION The print command paginates and submits files for printing at the line printer. SYNTAX print file... file Name of each file to be processed. DOCUMENTATION lpr(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -printenv DESCRIPTION The printenv command displays the current values of your environment variables. SYNTAX printenv [ name ] name Variable to be displayed. If name is not specified, displays all currently set variables. EXAMPLES printenv printenv MAIL DOCUMENTATION printenv(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -prof DESCRIPTION The prof command displays program profile data. SYNTAX prof [ options ] [ file ] file Name of object file to be profiled. OPTIONS -a Displays all symbols. If not specified, displays external symbols only. -l Displays output by symbol value. If not specified, displays output by decreasing percentages. -v Produces graphic output to be used with plot(1g) command. Additional -low and -high numbers select the profile percentage to be plotted with higher resolution (defaults are 0 and 100, respectively). DOCUMENTATION prof(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -prs DESCRIPTION The SCCS prs command displays information from an SCCS file. SYNTAX sccs prs [ options ] file... file Name of each SCCS file to be processed. OPTIONS -a Displays information for both existing and removed deltas. -d Displays information specified by dataspec (-dstring). -e Displays information for all deltas created earlier than and including specified delta (-e#). -l Displays information for all deltas created including and later than specified delta (-l#). -r Indicates specified delta version number (-r#). DOCUMENTATION prs(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual "An Introduction to the Source Code Control System" in the ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 1 -prt DESCRIPTION The SCCS prt command displays a list of all changes made to a SCCS file. SYNTAX sccs prt file... file Name of each SCCS file to be processed. DOCUMENTATION "An Introduction to the Source Code Control System" in the ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 1 -ps DESCRIPTION The ps command displays current process status information. SYNTAX ps [ option ] [ list ] [ core ] list Name list that is to be used. If not specified, uses /unix. core Name of core file from which the information is to be gathered. If not specified, uses /dev/mem and gathers current system information. OPTIONS -a Displays information for processes executed from all user terminals. If not specified, displays information only for processes executed from your terminal. -l Displays information in long format: F (flags), S (state), UID (userID), PID (process ID), PPID (parent process ID), CPU (processor utilization), PRI (priority), NICE (priority computation), ADDR (memory address), SZ (size in 512-byte blocks), WCHAN (waiting/sleeping), TTY (terminal), TIME (execution time), and CMD (command currently being executed). -t Uses specified number (-t#) and displays information for that terminal only. -v Displays process's system time and user time in addition to cumulative time. -x Displays information for all processes, including those not executed from terminals. DOCUMENTATION ps(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -ptx DESCRIPTION The ptx command generates a permuted index. SYNTAX ptx [ options ] [ file1 [ file2 ] ] file1 Name of input file from which index is to be generated. If not specified, reads stdin until <CTRL/D> and processes this input. file2 Name of output file to which index is to be written. If not specified, writes output to stdout. OPTIONS -b Uses characters in specified file (next argument) as separators. -f Folds upper and lower case when sorting. -g Uses specified number (next argument) as interfield gap. If not specified, uses three characters. -i Ignores words listed in specified file (next argument). If -i and -o are not specified, ignores words listed in /usr/lib/eign. -o Uses words listed only in specified file (next argument). -r Uses leading nonblanks as reference identifiers. -t Produces output ready for phototypesetter. -w Uses specified number (next argument) as width of output line. If not specified, uses 72 characters. DOCUMENTATION ptx(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -pwd DESCRIPTION The pwd command displays the name (absolute path) of your current working directory. SYNTAX pwd DOCUMENTATION pwd(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -px DESCRIPTION The px command executes the specified Pascal object file SYNTAX px [ file ] [ arg... ] file Name of the Pascal object file to be processed. arg Each argument that is to be passed to the Pascal program during its execution. DOCUMENTATION px(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual "Berkeley Pascal User's Guide" in the ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Document, Volume 2 -pxp DESCRIPTION The pxp command generates an execution profile for the specified Pascal object file. SYNTAX pxp [ options ] file file Name of the Pascal object file to be processed. OPTIONS -# Uses the specified number (#) as the indentation unit. If not specified, uses 4. -_ Underscores all keywords. -a Displays all procedures (even those not executed). -c Uses the core file in generating the profiling data. -d Displays all declaration parts. -e Eliminates include directives when reformatting the file. -f Displays all parenthesized expressions. -j Left justifies all procedures and functions. -n Begins a new page for each included file. -s Strips comments from the input text. -t Displays a table that summarizes procedure and function call counts. -u Generates the output in card image format. -w Suppresses all warning diagnostics. -z Generates an execution profile for the specified modules (next arguments). If none are specified, generates execution profile for the entire program. DOCUMENTATION pxp(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual "Berkeley Pascal User's Guide" in the ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 2 -ranlib DESCRIPTION The ranlib command converts archives to random libraries. SYNTAX ranlib archive... archive Name of each archive library to be converted. DOCUMENTATION ranlib(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -ratfor DESCRIPTION The ratfor command converts a dialect of FORTRAN into ordinary FORTRAN code. SYNTAX ratfor [ options ] [ file... ] file Name of each file to be converted. OPTIONS -C Copies all comments to output and attempts to format them neatly. -6x Places continuation character (x) in column 6. -h Converts quoted strings to 27H constructs. DOCUMENTATION ratfor(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual "RATFOR--A Preprocessor for a Rational Fortran" in the ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 2 -rcp DESCRIPTION The rcp command copies data from files on your host machine to files on a remote machine. SYNTAX rcp [ options ] file... string file Name of each file to be copied. string Character string that either identifies the local file to be copied to or a remote host name and, if required, a path name (rhost:[path]). If path is not specified, copies data to file of the same name in your home directory on the remote machine. OPTIONS -p Attempts to preserve the mode and modification times (ignores umask) as it copies each file. -r Recursively copies files in all subdirectories, if the specified file to be copied is a directory. DOCUMENTATION rcp(1c) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -red DESCRIPTION The red command is a restricted version of the ed text editor. SYNTAX red [ - ] file file Name of file to be edited. The red command edits a copy of the named file and updates source file only when the write command (w) is invoked. If not specified, edits unnamed temporary file. OPTIONS - Suppresses all character count displays. Normally, ed displays a character count when invoked, whenever you edit another file (e), read in data from another file (r), or write out to file (w). DOCUMENTATION ed(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual "A Tutorial Introduction to the UNIX Text Editor" and "Advanced Editing on UNIX" in the ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 1 -refer DESCRIPTION The refer command finds and formats bibliographic references for nroff and troff files. SYNTAX refer [ options ] OPTIONS -a Uses specified name (-aname) and reverses order of first entry for that name only. If name not specified, reverses order of names for all entries. -b Creates bare entries: no flags, numbers, or labels. -c Uses specified string (-cstring) and capitalizes fields whose key letters are in string. -e Accumulates all references in one list. If not specified, creates references where encountered in text. -k Uses specified label (-klabel) in place of numbering for each reference. -l Uses specified characters and digits (-lc,#) and creates labels for all references using senior author's list and only specified characters of each last name and specified digits of the date. -n Does not search /usr/dict/papers. -p Uses specified file (next argument) as file to be searched before /usr/dict/papers. If not specified, searches /usr/dict/papers only. -s Uses specified key (-sstring) in sorting references. DOCUMENTATION refer(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual "Some Applications of Inverted Indexes on the UNIX System" in the ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 1 -regcmp DESCRIPTION The regcmp command complies the regular expressions in each specified file and writes all output to a .i file. SYNTAX regcmp [ - ] file... file Name of each file to be processed. OPTIONS - Writes output to a .c file in place of the .i file. DOCUMENTATION regcmp(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -renice DESCRIPTION The renice command reschedules the priority of your processes. SYNTAX renice num pid... num Number to be used in rescheduling. A positive number reschedules a lower priority. A negative number reschedules a higher priority. pid Process ID number of each process to be rescheduled. EXAMPLES renice 30 12877 12898 renice -5 3450 DOCUMENTATION renice(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -reset DESCRIPTION The reset command resets your terminal mode. SYNTAX reset DOCUMENTATION tset(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -rev DESCRIPTION The rev command reverses the order of characters in each line of a file. SYNTAX rev [ file... ] file Name of each file to be processed. If not specified, reads stdin until <CTRL/D> and processes this input. DOCUMENTATION rev(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -rlogin DESCRIPTION The rlogin command logs you into the specified remote system. SYNTAX rlogin system [ options ] system Name of the remote system to be logged into. OPTIONS -e Uses the specified character (next argument) as the rlogin escape character. If not specified, uses a tilde (~). -l Logs you in as the specified user (next argument), not as your user login name. DOCUMENTATION rlogin(1c) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -rm DESCRIPTION The rm command removes a directory entry for a file. SYNTAX rm [ options ] file... file Name of each file whose directory entry is to be removed (unlinked). When the last entry (link) to a file is removed, only then is its data removed O from the file system. OPTIONS - Specifies that the file names begin with a minus (-name). -f Suppresses normal diagnostics/prompts and attempts to force the removal. -i Prompts for yes or no response before removing each entry. -r Recursively removes all entries from the specified directory and, then, removes the entry for that directory from its parent directory. DOCUMENTATION rm(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -rmail DESCRIPTION The rmail command routes the remote mail received from the uucp command. SYNTAX rmail user... user Name of each user for which mail is to be sent. DOCUMENTATION rmail(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -rmdel DESCRIPTION The SCCS rmdel command removes the specified delta version from an SCCS file. SYNTAX sccs rmdel -r file... file Name of each SCCS file to be processed. OPTIONS -r Indicates specified delta version number (-r#). DOCUMENTATION rmdel(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual "An Introduction to the Source Code Control System" in the ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 1 -rmdir DESCRIPTION The rmdir command removes the entry for each empty directory from its parent directory. SYNTAX rmdir directory directory Name of each empty directory whose entry is to be removed. EXAMPLES rmdir project.dir DOCUMENTATION rm(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -roff DESCRIPTION The roff command provides a simple text formatter. SYNTAX roff [ options ] [ +num ] file... +num Starts printing with specified page. file Name of each file to be formatted. OPTIONS -# Stops printing after specified page (-#). -h Inserts tabs (when appropriate) in place of spaces. -s Stops printing before each page (including first) to allow for paper manipulation. Resumes printing on receipt of interrupt signal. DOCUMENTATION roff(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -rsh DESCRIPTION The rsh command logs you in to the named remote system and executes the specified command sequence. SYNTAX rsh system [ options ] cmd system Name of the remote system. cmd Complete command sequence that is to be executed. OPTIONS -l Logs you in as the specified user (next argument), not as your user login name. -n Redirects all command input from /dev/null. DOCUMENTATION rsh(1c) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -rsh5 DESCRIPTION The rsh5 command is the restricted SYSTEM V version of the Bourne shell that provides an interactive command line interpreter and has a full subset of options, special characters, and control flow constructs. SYNTAX rsh5 [ options ] [ arg... ] arg Name of each command sequence to be executed. If not specified, invokes rsh5 command for interactive execution. OPTIONS -a Marks those variables which are modified or created for export. -c Executes the specified commands (next arguments). -e Exits immediately on unsuccessful execution of a command. -f Disable file name expansion. -h Locates and remembers all function commands. -i Invokes rsh5 for interactive session. -k Places all specified keywords (next arguments) into current execution environment. -n Reads all commands but does not execute them. -s Reads stdin until <CTRL/D> and uses this input as the command sequences to be executed. -t Exit after executing one command only. -u Treats all undefined variables as an error. -v Displays each input line upon execution. -x Displays all command sequences before execution. DOCUMENTATION sh5(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -ruptime DESCRIPTION The ruptime command displays the current status of each network machine. SYNTAX ruptime [ options ] OPTIONS -a Displays a count of all users who have been idle for an hour or more. If not specified, omits this information. -l Sorts information by load average, not by host name. -t Sorts information by host uptime, not by host name. -u Sorts information by number of user, not by host name. DOCUMENTATION ruptime(1c) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -rwho DESCRIPTION The rwho command displays who is logged in to all machines on your network. SYNTAX rwho [ -a ] OPTIONS -a Displays the names of all users who have been idle for an hour or more. If not specified, omits this information. DOCUMENTATION rwho(1c) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -s5make DESCRIPTION s5make, if installed, is the SYSTEM V replacement for the make command. DOCUMENTATION s5make(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual "Augmented Version of Make" in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual, Vol. 2B -sact DESCRIPTION The sact command displays the delta and edit status of each specified SCCS file. SYNTAX sact file... file Name of each SCCS file to be processed. If - is specified, reads stdin until <CTRL/D> and uses this input as the file name. DOCUMENTATION sact(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -sccs DESCRIPTION The sccs command provides a Source Code Control System that has a full subset of commands. SYNTAX sccs [ options ] arg... arg Each SCCS command sequence (command options arguments) to be executed under control of sccs. OPTIONS -d Prepends named directory path (-dpath) to specified file name. -p Additionally prepends named path (-ppath) between directory and specified file name. -r Preserves your user ID during execution. COMMANDS admin Administers SCCS files. cdc Changes delta commentary. check Checks if SCCS files are currently being edited. clean Removes all recreatable SCCS files. comb Combines deltas. create Creates SCCS files. deledit Creates new delta and edits file. delget Creates delta and gets a copy of file. delta Creates delta, saving changes. edit Edits SCCS file. fix Removes current delta. get Gets copy of an SCCS file. info Displays information about SCCS files being edited. prs Displays information from SCCS files. prt Displays list of delta changes. rmdel Removes delta. sccsdiff Compares two deltas. sccshelp Displays explanations of error messages. tell Displays names of SCCS file being edited. unedit Undoes SCCS edit command. unget Undoes SCCS get and edit commands. val Validates SCCS files. what Finds and displays ID keywords. For further information about an sccs command, type: help COMMAND DOCUMENTATION "An Introduction to the Source Code Control System" in the ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 1 -sccsdiff DESCRIPTION The sccsdiff command compare two deltas and displays their differences. SYNTAX sccs sccsdiff [ options ] file... file Name of each SCCS file to be compared. OPTIONS -p Displays output using pr command. -r Indicates deltas to be compared (-r#1 and -r#2). -s Sets number of lines each segment is to contain (-s#). DOCUMENTATION sccsdiff(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual "An Introduction to the Source Code Control System" in the ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 1 -sccshelp DESCRIPTION The sccshelp command displays short explanations of SCCS error messages and command syntax lines. SYNTAX sccshelp [ arg... ] arg Each error message or command name for which you want an explanation displayed. DOCUMENTATION sccshelp(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual "An Introduction to the Source Code Control System" in the ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 1 -script DESCRIPTION The script command generates a typescript of your terminal session until <CTRL/D>. SYNTAX script [ options ] [ file ] file Name of file into which typescript is written. If file is not specified, uses file "typescript". OPTIONS -S Uses specified shell (next argument). If this shell is not available, uses any shell that it can find. -a Appends output to typescript file. -n Uses new shell (site dependent). -q Suppresses normal startup and done messages. -s Uses standard shell (normally, sh). DOCUMENTATION script(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -sdiff DESCRIPTION The sdiff command determines the differences between two files and displays the differences in a two column listing. SYNTAX sdiff [ options ] file1 file2 file1 Name of the two files to be processed. file2 OPTIONS -l Displays the left side of all identical lines. -o Uses the specified file (next argument) and creates a user-controlled merge file. -s Suppresses all identical lines from the output. -w Uses the specified number (next argument) as the width of the output lines. DOCUMENTATION sdiff(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -sed DESCRIPTION The sed command provides a noninteractive, stream editor that provides a full range of commands. SYNTAX sed [ options ] [ file... ] file Name of each file to be edited. If not specified, reads stdin until <CTRL/D> and edits this input. OPTIONS -e Uses specified file (next argument) as input file of commands to be executed. -f Uses specified file (next argument) as input file of commands to be executed. May be used in conjunction with -e option to indicate two script files. -n Suppresses all normal output. DOCUMENTATION sed(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual "SED--A Non-interactive Text Editor" in the ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 2 -sh DESCRIPTION The sh command provides an interactive command interpreter that has a full subset of options, special characters, and control flow constructs. SYNTAX sh [ options ] [ arg... ] arg Name of each command sequence to be executed. If not specified, invokes sh command for interactive execution. OPTIONS -c Executes the specified commands (next arguments). -e Exits immediately on unsuccessful execution of a command. -i Invokes sh for interactive session. -k Places all specified keywords (next arguments) into current execution environment. -n Reads all commands but does not execute them. -s Reads stdin until <CTRL/D> and uses this input as the command sequences to be executed. -t Exit after executing one command only. -u Treats all undefined variables as an error. -v Displays each input line upon execution. -x Displays all commands sequences before execution. DOCUMENTATION sh(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -sh5 DESCRIPTION The sh5 command is the SYSTEM V version of the sh command that provides an interactive command line interpreter and has a full subset of options, special characters, and control flow constructs. SYNTAX sh5 [ options ] [ arg... ] arg Name of each command sequence to be executed. If not specified, invokes sh5 command for interactive execution. OPTIONS -a Marks those variables which are modified or created for export. -c Executes the specified commands (next arguments). -e Exits immediately on unsuccessful execution of a command. -f Disable file name expansion. -h Locates and remembers all function commands. -i Invokes sh5 for interactive session. -k Places all specified keywords (next arguments) into current execution environment. -n Reads all commands but does not execute them. -r Invokes sh5 for restricted session. -s Reads stdin until <CTRL/D> and uses this input as the command sequences to be executed. -t Exit after executing one command only. -u Treats all undefined variables as an error. -v Displays each input line upon execution. -x Displays all command sequences before execution. DOCUMENTATION sh5(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -size DESCRIPTION The size command displays the sizes of each segment for the specified object file. SYNTAX size [ file... ] file Name of each object program to be sized. If not specified, displays the sizes of a.out in current directory. DOCUMENTATION size(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -sleep DESCRIPTION The sleep command suspends execution for the specified time. SYNTAX sleep time time Number of seconds that execution is suspended. DOCUMENTATION sleep(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -sort DESCRIPTION The sort command sorts and merges file data. SYNTAX sort [ options ] [ +pos [ -pos ] ] [ file... ] +pos Data field (inclusive) at which sorting is to begin. -pos Data file (exclusive) before which sorting is to end. file Name of each file to be sorted and merged. If not specified, or if - is specified, reads stdin until <CTRL/D> and sorts this input. OPTIONS -T Uses specified directory (next argument) to build temporary files. -b Ignores all leading blanks (spaces and tabs). -c Checks that input file was sorted according to ordering rules and displays output only if out of order. -d Sorts data according to dictionary ordering: letters, digits, and blanks only. -f Folds upper case to lower case while sorting. -i Ignores character outside ASCII range 040-0176. -m Merges previously sorted data. -n Sorts fields containing numbers numerically, fields containing alphanumerics alphabetically. -o Uses specified file (next argument) as output file. If not specified, write output to stdout. -r Reverses sorting order (descending). -t Uses specified character (-tc) as field separator. -u Suppresses all duplicate entries. DOCUMENTATION sort(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -spell DESCRIPTION The spell command checks data for spelling errors. SYNTAX spell [ options ] [ file... ] file Name of each file to be checked. If not specified, reads stdin until <CTRL/D> and checks this input. OPTIONS -b Checks data according to British spellings. -v Displays all words not found in the spelling list with all plausible derivations. -x Precedes each word with = and displays all plausible derivations. DOCUMENTATION spell(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -spline DESCRIPTION The spline command draws a smooth curve from specified input. SYNTAX spline [ options ] OPTIONS -? Uses specified value (-?) for boundary value constant. -# Uses specified number (-#) in calculating intervals between lower and upper limits. If not specified, uses 100. -a Supplies the abscissa automatically (not specified in input) and uses specified number (next argument) for spacing. If not specified, uses 1 for spacing. -p Periodically produces output (matches derivatives at ends). -x Uses specified numbers (next arguments) as lower and upper limits, respectively. If first argument is not specified, uses 0 as lower limit. If neither argument is specified, calculates values from data. DOCUMENTATION spline(1g) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -split DESCRIPTION The split command divides a file into smaller files. SYNTAX split [ -# ] [ file [ name ] ] file Name of file to be split. If not specified or if - is specified, reads stdin until <CTRL/D> and splits this input into smaller files. name Name with which each output file is to be created. Each file is created with this name and the suffix aa, ab, ac, and so on. If not specified, creates each output file with name x and suffixes aa, ab, ac, and so on. OPTIONS -# Uses specified number (#) as number of lines that are to be written to each output file. If # is not specified, uses 1000. DOCUMENTATION split(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -strings DESCRIPTION The strings command displays all printable ASCII strings in each specified object file. SYNTAX strings [ options ] file... file Name of each object file to be processed. OPTIONS - Looks through the entire object file for ASCII strings. If not specified, looks only in the initialized data space. -# Uses specified number (#) as minimum string length. If not specified, uses four characters. -o Precedes each string with its file offset (octal). DOCUMENTATION strings(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -strip DESCRIPTION The strip command removes all symbols and relocation bits from each specified object file. SYNTAX strip file... file Name of each object file to be processed. DOCUMENTATION strip(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -struct DESCRIPTION The struct command converts ordinary FORTRAN code to rational FORTRAN (ratfor) code. SYNTAX struct [ options ] file file Name of file to be converted. OPTIONS -a Converts else-if sequences into non-Ratfor switch forms. -b Generates goto statements in place of multilevel breaks. -e Uses the specified number (-e#) to test loops. -i Does not convert goto statements into switches. -n Generates goto statements in place of multilevel next statements. -s Accepts input in standard format: comment character in column one and continuation character in column six. DOCUMENTATION struct(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -stty DESCRIPTION The stty command normally is executed from your .login file to set up your terminal I/O characteristics. SYNTAX stty [ options ] OPTIONS brk Sets brk character to specified character (next argument). bs0 bs1 Selects backspace delay. cbreak Makes characters available as received. cooked Same as -raw. cr0 cr1 cr2 cr3 Selects carriage return delay. crt Sets crt options. crtbs Sets crt backspace. crtkill Uses crterase to kill line. ctlecho Echoes control characters as ^X crterase Sets erase characters with "backspace space backspace". dec Sets erase = DEL, kill = ^U, intr = ^C. echo Echoes every character. ek Resets erase and kill to # and @. eof Sets eof character to specified character (next argument). erase Sets erase character to specified character (next argument). even Allows even parity. ff0 ff1 Selects form feed delay. hup Hangs up dataphone on last close. intr Sets interrupt character to specified character (next argument). kill Sets kill character to specified character (next argument). lcase Translates upper case to lower case. min Sets minimum number of characters (next argument) that should be received to satisfy read. nl Accepts only newline character to terminate lines. nl0 nl1 nl2 nl3 Selects linefeed delay. odd Allows odd parity. prterase Echoes erase between \ and /. quit Sets quit character to specified character (next argument). raw Pass all characters (no character processing). start Sets start character to specified character (next argument). stop Sets stop character to specified character (next argument). tabs Preserves tabs. tab0 tab1 tab2 tab3 Select tab delay. time Sets timer (next argument) in 0.1 granularity for timeout bursty and short term data transmissions. -option Negates option. DOCUMENTATION stty(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -su DESCRIPTION The su command temporarily substitutes your user ID to that of the specified user. SYNTAX su [ - ] [ user ] user Login name of user whose ID is to be substituted. Where applicable, prompts for user's login password. If correct password is given, invokes a new shell running under user's ID. If not specified, assumes root and prompts for the appropriate password. OPTIONS - Establishes user's login environment: changes directory to user's home directory and invokes user's login shell. DOCUMENTATION su(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -sum DESCRIPTION The sum command displays a 16-bit checksum and the size in blocks of the specified file. SYNTAX sum file file Name of file to be processed. DOCUMENTATION sum(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -tabs DESCRIPTION The tabs command sets the tabs spacing for your terminal. SYNTAX tabs [ -n ] [ special ] special Special file of terminal to be affected. OPTIONS -n Does not indent left margin. DOCUMENTATION tabs(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -tail DESCRIPTION The tail command displays file data. SYNTAX tail [ pos ] [ file ] pos Where display is to begin: +number (from beginning of file) and -number (from end of file). You can add a units indicator to the position argument: b (blocks), c (characters), or l (lines). If not specified, counts by units of lines. You also can add these optional function keys: f (do not quit at end-of-file) and r (print lines from end in reverse order). file Name of file to be processed. If not specified, reads stdin until <CTRL/D> and displays data from this input. EXAMPLES tail +150lr program1 tail -10bf program1 DOCUMENTATION tail(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -talk DESCRIPTION The talk command provides two-way communication between you and the specified user. SYNTAX talk user [ tty ] user Login name of the user with whom you wish to communicate. tty Special file name of the terminal for which the talk session is to apply. This argument is useful when the specified user is logged in more than once. DOCUMENTATION talk(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -tar DESCRIPTION The tar command archives files to and from multiple tape volumes. SYNTAX tar [ -C ] [ keys ] [ file... ] file Name of each file to be archived. OPTIONS -C Changes directories to that in the specified path (next argument) before processing. This option can be used multiple times on the same command line. KEYS A Uses the specified number (next argument) as archive with which to begin the output. B Forces input and output blocking to 20 blocks per record. D Specifies all directory output to be in v7tar format. F Skips all SCCS directories, core files, and err files. If additional F key (FF) is specified, also skips all a.out and .o files. H Displays help summary of all keys. M Specifies the maximum archive number (1-99) to be written (next argument). N Suppresses multivolume, file-splitting, and new header format from output. O Additionally displays file owner and group names for t and x keys. For c, r, and u keys, displays warning message if user and group IDs cannot be found in /etc/passwd or /etc/group, respectively. S Creates output with /USER/GROUP standard archive headers. V Displays expanded verbose information about all directories as well as files on the volume. 0-9 Uses specified drive number as alternate on which archive is mounted. If not specified, uses /dev/rht0. b Uses specified number (next argument) as the blocking factor. If not specified, uses 20 blocks. c Creates a new archive library. d Specifies RX50 as the device: uses /dev/rrx1. f Uses specified file (next argument) as the name of the archive. If not specified, uses /dev/rht0. g Specifies 6250 bpi tape: uses /dev/rgt0. h Saves a copy of the file (excludes symbolic links). i Ignores checksum errors. k Specifies TK50 as the device: uses /dev/rtk0. l Displays error message if links cannot be resolved. m Does not restore file modification time. n Specifies 800 bp1 tape: uses /dev/rmt0. o Suppresses all directory information. p Restores each specified file to its original mode. r Writes each specified file to the end of archive. s Uses specified number (next argument) as size of media in 512-byte blocks. t Generates archive table of contents. u Updates the archive library: adds each if only if it either is not already in archive or has been modified since originally archived. v Displays detailed (verbose) information as it archives files. w Displays action to be taken for each file and prompts for confirmation. x Extracts each specified file from the archive. EXAMPLES tar c -C /usr/include -C /etc tar cvb 10 / DOCUMENTATION tar(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -tbl DESCRIPTION The tbl command formats tables for nroff and troff processing. SYNTAX tbl [ file... ] file Name of each file to be processed. If not specified, reads stdin until <CTRL/D> and processes this input. DOCUMENTATION tbl(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual "TBL--A Program to Format Tables" in the ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 1 -tc DESCRIPTION The tc command simulates phototypesetter output. SYNTAX tc [ options ] [ file ] file Name of file to be processed. If not specified, reads stdin until <CTRL/D> and processes this input. OPTIONS -l Multiplies page aspect ratio (1.5) by l/w (must be quoted on command line). -p Uses specified page length (-pL). This length can include scale factors: p (points), i (inches), c (centimeters), and P (picas). -s Skips specified number of pages (-s#). -t Does not wait between pages. DOCUMENTATION tc(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -tee DESCRIPTION The tee command pipes input to your terminal (stdout) and to each specified file. SYNTAX tee [ options ] [ file... ] file Name of each file to which input is to be written. If not specified, writes data to stdout only. OPTIONS -a Appends input to existing files. -i Ignores interrupts. DOCUMENTATION tee(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -tell DESCRIPTION The SCCS tell command displays the names of those SCCS file currently being edited. SYNTAX sccs tell DOCUMENTATION "An Introduction to the Source Code Control System" in the ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 1 -telnet DESCRIPTION The telnet command provides an interactive user interface to the TELNET protocol that has a full set of subcommands for communicating with another host machine. SYNTAX telnet [ system ] [ port ] system Name of the remote system. If not specified, prompts for the remote system name. port Number of the port to be connected to. If not specified, uses default port. DOCUMENTATION telnet(1c) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -test DESCRIPTION The test command evaluates specified conditional expressions. SYNTAX test expr expr Expression to be evaluated. Expressions can test: file conditions, numerical comparisons, or string comparisons (see below). EXPRESSIONS -d Tests if file (next argument) exists and is a directory. -f Tests if file (next argument) exists and is not a directory. -n Tests if length of string (next argument) is nonzero. -r Tests if file (next argument) exists and is readable. -s Tests if file (next argument) exists and size is greater than 0. -t Tests if file descriptor (next argument) is terminal. If fd not specified, tests descriptor 1. -w Tests if file (next argument) exists and is writable. -z Tests if length of string (next argument) is zero. n1 -eq n2 Tests if number1 equals number2. n1 -ge n2 Tests if number1 is greater than or equal to number2. n1 -gt n2 Tests if number1 is greater than number2. n1 -le n2 Tests if number1 is less than or equal to number2. n1 -lt n2 Tests if number1 is less than number2. n1 -ne n2 Tests if number1 does not equal number2. s1 Tests if string1 is not a null string. s1 = s2 Tests if string1 and string2 are equal. s1 != s2 Tests if string1 and string2 are not equal. ! expr Negates evaluation of expression. expr -a expr Tests logical and of two expressions. expr -o expr Tests logical or of two expressions. ( expr... ) Groups expressions. DOCUMENTATION test(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -tftp DESCRIPTION The tftp command is an interactive user interface to the ARPANET standard Trivial File Transfer Protocol that has a full subset of commands for transferring files to and from remote systems. SYNTAX tftp [ system ] [ port ] system Name of the remote system. If not specified, prompts for the remote system name. port Number of the port to be connected to. If not specified, uses default port. DOCUMENTATION tftp(1c) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -time DESCRIPTION The time command displays execution times for the specified command. SYNTAX time cmd cmd Command for which times are to be displayed. DOCUMENTATION time(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -tip DESCRIPTION The tip command connects you with remote systems. SYNTAX tip [ options ] system system System to which you are to be connected. You can indicate the system by specifying either hostname or phone number. OPTIONS -# Uses specified number (#) as baud rate. -v Displays all variable settings. DOCUMENTATION tip(1c) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -tk DESCRIPTION The tk command paginates output for the Tektronix 4014 terminal. SYNTAX tk [ options ] [ file ] file Name of the file to be processed. If not specified, reads stdin until <CTRL/D> and processes this input. OPTIONS -# Uses the specified number (#) as the number of columns for the screen output. -p Uses the specified number (-pn) as the page length. -t Does not pause between pages. If not specified, pauses after each page and reads stdin until <RETURN> before proceeding. DOCUMENTATION tk(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -touch DESCRIPTION The touch command updates the modification date of each specified file. SYNTAX touch [ -c ] file... file Name of each file to be processed. If a file does not exist, attempts to create it with current date. OPTIONS -c Does not attempt to create file if it does not exist. DOCUMENTATION touch(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -tp DESCRIPTION The tp command archives files to/from tape. SYNTAX tp [ key ] KEYS 0-7 Uses specified number to indicate tape drive. If not specified, uses RX50 as the default device. c Creates a new tape archive. d Deletes specified files (next arguments) from tape. f Uses specified file (next argument) in place of tape. g Uses 6250 BPI tape in place of RX50s. h Uses 1600 BPI tape in place of RX50s. i Displays read/write errors, but proceeds instead of returning to command level. k Uses TK50 in place of RX50s. m Uses 800 BPI tape in place of Rx50s. r Replaces specified files (next arguments) on tape. t Lists names of specified files (next arguments) if each appears on tape. If files not specified, lists names of all files on tape. u Updates specified files (next arguments) only if each has been modified since modification time of copy already on tape. v Displays verbose information as it archives each file. w Waits for confirmation response before proceeding. x Extracts specified files (next arguments) from tape. DOCUMENTATION tp(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -tr DESCRIPTION The tr command translates the specified character string. SYNTAX tr [ options ] [ string1 [ string2 ] ] string1 Character string to be translated. string2 Character string to be translated to. Strings can be specified by a character (c), a range of characters (c-c), or an octal number (\###). OPTIONS -c Translates compliments: string1 to those not in string1. -d Deletes all characters in string1 from output. -s Squeezes multiple occurrences of a character in string1 to one. EXAMPLES tr 0-9 0 tr -s ' ' DOCUMENTATION tr(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -troff DESCRIPTION The troff command provides a text formatter with a full subset of macros for phototypesetting. SYNTAX troff [ options ] [ file... ] file Name of each file to be formatted. If not specified, or if - is specified, reads stdin until <CTRL/D> and formats this input. OPTIONS -a Sends ASCII approximations to stdout. -b Reports status of phototypesetter only (no formatting). -f Does not feed paper and stop typesetter at end of run. -g Prepares output for GCOS phototypesetter and writes it to stdout. -i Reads stdin after input files are processed. -m Uses specified macro package (-mxx) in formatting text. -n Uses specified number (-n#) as first page to be printed. -o Uses specified list (-olist) as only pages to be printed. -p Uses specified number (-p#) as desired point size. -q Invokes simultaneous input/output mode. -r Sets named register to specified value (-rxv). -s Stops after specified number of pages (-s#). -t Writes output to stdout, not to phototypesetter. -w Waits for phototypesetter if currently busy. DOCUMENTATION troff(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual "NROFF/TROFF User's Manual" and "A TROFF Tutorial" in the ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 1 -true DESCRIPTION The true command forces a successful exit status. SYNTAX true DOCUMENTATION true(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -tset DESCRIPTION The tset command sets your terminal mode. SYNTAX tset [ options ] OPTIONS -I Does not transmit terminal initialization strings. -Q Suppresses erase and kill character message. -S Displays assigned strings as set by TERM variable and from /etc/termcap file. -e Uses the specified character (-ex) as the erase character. If not specified, uses <DELETE>. -k Uses the specified character (-kx) as the kill character. -m Uses the specified argument string for the terminal map. The optional arguments, in the order specified, are: port type, identifier, baud rate, and terminal type. -n Initializes the "new" tty driver, if applicable. -v Sets the mode to a nonvirtual terminal. DOCUMENTATION tset(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -tsort DESCRIPTION The tsort command generates a topologically sorted list of items from data in the specified file. SYNTAX tsort [ file ] file Name of file to be processed. If not specified, reads stdin until <CTRL/D> and sorts this input. DOCUMENTATION tsort(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -tty DESCRIPTION The tty command displays the name of your terminal. SYNTAX tty DOCUMENTATION tty(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -u DESCRIPTION The u command displays the names of each user who currently is logged on the system. SYNTAX u DOCUMENTATION users(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -ul DESCRIPTION The ul command formats underscored text for your terminal type. SYNTAX ul [ options ] [ file... ] file Name of each file to be processed. If not specified, reads stdin until <CTRL/D> and processes this input. OPTIONS -i Displays underscoring on separate line containing appropriate dashes (-). -t Uses type of specified terminal (next argument) in place your terminal's type. DOCUMENTATION ul(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -uname DESCRIPTION The uname command displays the name of your current host system. SYNTAX uname [ options ] OPTIONS -a Displays all information: shorthand for -mnrsv. -m Displays the machine hardware type. -n Displays the network node name. -r Displays the operating system's release number. -s Displays the host system name (default option). -v Displays the operating system's version number. DOCUMENTATION uname(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -unedit DESCRIPTION The SCCS unedit command removes a copy of an SCCS file opened for edit without merging any changes made back to the original SCCS file. SYNTAX sccs unedit file... file Name of each SCCS file to be unedited. DOCUMENTATION "An Introduction to the Source Code Control System" in the ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 1 -unexpand DESCRIPTION The unexpand command converts spaces in each specified file to tabs. SYNTAX unexpand [ -a ] [ file... ] file Name of each file to be processed. If not specified, reads stdin until <CTRL/D> and processes this input. OPTIONS -a Compresses the file whenever possible by inserting tabs for two or more spaces. DOCUMENTATION expand(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -unget DESCRIPTION The SCCS unget command undoes an SCCS edit command (get -e). SYNTAX sccs unget [ options ] file... file Name of each SCCS file to be processed. OPTIONS -n Retains copy of SCCS file which normally is removed from current directory. -r Indicates delta version number (-r#). -s Suppresses all messages. DOCUMENTATION unget(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual "An Introduction to the Source Code Control System" in the ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 1 -uniq DESCRIPTION The uniq command removes repeated lines from a file. SYNTAX uniq [ options ] [ +num ] [ file1 [ file2 ] ] +num Skips specified number of characters (num) in addition to the specified fields. file1 Name of input file to be processed. If not specified, reads stdin until <CTRL/D> and processes this input. file2 Name of output file to which all unique lines are written. If not specified, writes output to stdout. OPTIONS -# Skips additional number of fields (#). -c Displays number of repetitions, if any, for each line. -d Displays only lines that were repeated. -u Displays only unique (nonrepeated) lines. DOCUMENTATION uniq(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -units DESCRIPTION The units command provides an interactive conversion program with a full subset of conversion scales. SYNTAX units DOCUMENTATION units(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -unpack DESCRIPTION The unpack command expands the compressed data in each specified file. SYNTAX unpack file... file Name of each file to be processed. DOCUMENTATION pack(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -uptime DESCRIPTION The uptime command displays performance information about your system. SYNTAX uptime DOCUMENTATION uptime(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -users DESCRIPTION The users command displays the names of each user who currently is logged on the system. SYNTAX users DOCUMENTATION users(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -uucp DESCRIPTION The uucp command copies files to remote systems. SYNTAX uucp [ options ] file... system... file Name of each file to be copied to specified remote system. system Destination system and optional pathname to which files are to be copied. OPTIONS -c Copies each file to remote system directly from source. Normally, copies file to spool directory and then to remote system. -d Creates all necessary directories before copying. -m Notifies you by mail when copying is completed. DOCUMENTATION uucp(1c) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual "Uucp Implementation Description" in the ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 2 -uulog DESCRIPTION The uulog command maintains a summary of all uucp and uux transactions. SYNTAX uulog [ options ] OPTIONS -s Displays information about specified system (-ssystem). -u Displays information about specified user (-uuser). DOCUMENTATION uucp(1c) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual "Uucp Implementation Description" in the ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 2 -uustat DESCRIPTION The uustat command displays status information about and provides control of uucp jobs. SYNTAX uustat [ options ] OPTIONS -c Removes entries for requests that are older than the specified time (-ctime). -j Displays status information for the specified job only (-jnnn). If -jall is specified, displays information for all jobs. -k Kills the specified job (-knnn). -m Displays accessibility status of the specified machine (-mmachine). If -mall is specified, displays information for all machines. -o Displays information for requests that are older than the specified time (-otime). -s Displays information for requests that are destined for the specified system (-ssystem). -u Displays information for requests made by the specified user (-uname). -v Displays detailed (verbose) information. -y Displays information for requests that are younger than the specified time (-ytime). DOCUMENTATION uustat(1c) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -uux DESCRIPTION The uux command executes specified commands on remote systems. SYNTAX uux [ - ] string... String Each argument that makes up system-command string to be executed. If first argument is system!, remaining command and arguments are executed on that system. If system! is not first argument, command and arguments are executed on your local system. For further information, read the uux manual page. OPTIONS - Reads stdin until <CTRL/D> and uses input as system-command string. DOCUMENTATION uux(1c) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual "Uucp Implementation Description in the ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 2 -v7tar DESCRIPTION The v7tar command archives files to and from tape. SYNTAX tar [ key ] KEYS B Creates a new tape archive. 0-7 Uses specified number (0-7) as drive on which tape is mounted. b Uses specified number (next argument) as blocking factor. Maximum blocking is 20. If not specified, uses 1 (tape) and 10 (RX50 diskette). c Creates new tape archive. d Uses RX50 diskettes in place of tape. f Uses specified special file (next argument) as tape drive. l Reports if cannot resolve all links to file being dumped. If not specified, no messages are displayed. m Does not restore the modification time for each file: uses time of extraction. n Uses 800 BPI tape. o Suppresses normal directory output. p Changes mode of extracted files to their original mode. r Writes specified files to end-of-tape. t Displays names of specified files (next arguments) if each appears on tape. If names are not specified, displays all names on tape. u Updates specified files (next arguments) if not on tape or if each has been modified since modification time of copy already on tape. v Displays verbose information as it archives each file. w Waits for confirmation response before proceeding. x Extracts only named files (next arguments) from tape. DOCUMENTATION v7tar(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -val DESCRIPTION The SCCS val command validates the specified SCCS files. SYNTAX sccs val [ options ] file... file Name of each SCCS file to be processed. OPTIONS -m Compares specified value (-mstring) with helptext1 keyword. -r Indicates specified delta version number (-r#). -s Suppresses all error messages. -y Compares specified type (-ystring) with keyword. DOCUMENTATION val(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual "An Introduction to the Source Code Control System" in the ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 1 -vc DESCRIPTION The vc command copies lines from stdin to stdout in accordance with the specified control arguments. SYNTAX vc [ options ] [ keyword ] keyword Replaces each specified keyword found in the text with its defined value (keyword=value). OPTIONS -a Replaces the keywords surrounded by control characters in all text lines. -c Uses the specified character (-cx) as the control character. If not specified, uses a colon (:). -s Suppresses all warning messages. -t Ignores all characters from the beginning of the line to the first tab. DOCUMENTATION vc(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -vi DESCRIPTION The vi command provides an interactive, line-oriented editor that has full-screen display and a full subset of commands. SYNTAX vi [ options ] [ +cmd ] file... +cmd Starts edit session with specified command (cmd). file Name of each file to be edited. If more than one file is specified, edits each file in succession. For further information, read about the :n command in the vi manual page. OPTIONS -l Sets up edit session for LISP. -r Recovers an edit session lost because of a system crash. -t Searches file for and begins session at occurrence of specified string (next argument). -w Uses specified number (-w#) as screen window size. DOCUMENTATION vi(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual "An Introduction to Display Editing with vi" and "Ex Reference Manual" in the ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 1 -w DESCRIPTION The w command displays who is logged into the system and what they are currently doing. SYNTAX w [ options ] [ user ] user User login name for which information is to be displayed. If not specified, displays information for all users. OPTIONS -h Suppresses the normal header from the output. -l Displays information in long format (default option). -s Displays information in short format. DOCUMENTATION w(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -wait DESCRIPTION The wait command suspends execution until all background processes have completed. SYNTAX wait DOCUMENTATION wait(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -wall DESCRIPTION The wall command writes a message to all users currently logged in to the system. SYNTAX wall DOCUMENTATION wall(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -wc DESCRIPTION The wc command displays the number of words, lines, and characters in each specified file. SYNTAX wc [ options ] [ file... ] file Name of each file to be processed. If not specified, reads stdin until <CTRL/D> and processes this input. OPTIONS -c Displays number of characters only. -l Displays number of lines only. -w Displays number of words only. DOCUMENTATION wc(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -what DESCRIPTION The SCCS what command displays ID keywords from each specified SCCS file. SYNTAX sccs what file... file Name of each file to be processed. DOCUMENTATION what(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual "An Introduction to the Source Code Control System" in the ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 1 -whatis DESCRIPTION The whatis command displays information about each specified command. SYNTAX whatis cmd... cmd Name of each command for which information is to be displayed. DOCUMENTATION whatis(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -which DESCRIPTION The which command takes a list of command names and displays which programs (files) would be executed. SYNTAX which [ cmd... ] cmd Name of each command for which information is to be displayed. DOCUMENTATION which(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -who DESCRIPTION The who command displays a list of users currently logged in to the system. SYNTAX who [ file ] file Name of login accounting file from which list is to be generated. If not specified, generates list from information in /etc/utmp. DOCUMENTATION who(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -whoami DESCRIPTION The whoami command displays your current login name. SYNTAX whoami DOCUMENTATION whoami(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -write DESCRIPTION The write command writes a message to the specified user. SYNTAX write user [ special ] user Login name of user to receive message. special Name of special file for terminal to which message is to be written. This argument is useful when a user is logged in at multiple terminals. DOCUMENTATION write(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -xstr DESCRIPTION The xstr command extracts strings from a C program. SYNTAX xstr [ options ] [ file ] file Name of C program to be processed. If file is not specified or if - is specified, reads stdin until <CTRL/D> and processes this input. OPTIONS -c Extracts strings from specified C source (next argument). DOCUMENTATION xstr(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual -yacc DESCRIPTION The yacc command converts specified grammar constructs into tables for processing by a parsing algorithm. SYNTAX yacc [ options ] grammar grammar User input to be processed. OPTIONS -d Writes all define statements to y.tab.h file. -v Writes parsing tables and report of grammatical conflicts to y.output file. DOCUMENTATION yacc(1) in the ULTRIX-11 Programmer's Manual "Yacc: Yet Another Compiler-Compiler" in the ULTRIX-11 Supplementary Documents, Volume 2