V1/man/man1/tap.1
11/3/71 TAP (I)
NAME tap -- manipulate DECtape
SYNOPSIS tap [ key ] [ name ... ]
DESCRIPTION tap saves and restores selected portions of the file system
hierarchy on DECtape. Its actions are controlled by the key
argument. The key is a string of characters containing at
most one function letter and possibly one or more function
modifiers. Other arguments to the command are file or
directory names specifying which files are to be dumped,
restored, or tabled.
The function portion of the key is specified by one of the
following letters:
r The indicated files and directories, together with
all subdirectories, are dumped onto the tape. If
files with the same names already exists, they are
replaced (hence the r ). "Same" is determined by
string comparison, so "./abc" can never be the same
as "/usr/dmr/abc even if "/usr/dmr" is the current
directory. If no file argument is given, "/" is the
default.
u updates the tape. u is the same as r, but a file is
replaced only if its modification date is later than
the date stored on the tape; that is to say, if it
has changed since it was dumped. u is the default
command if none is given.
d deletes the named files and directories
from the tape. At least one file argument must be
given.
x extracts the named files from the tape to the file
system. The owner, mode, and date--modified are
restored to what they were when the file was dumped.
If no file argument is given, the entire contents of
the tape are extracted.
t lists the names of all files stored on the tape
which are the same as or are hierarchically below
the file arguments. If no file argument is given,
the entire contents of the tape are tabled.
1 is the same as t except that an expanded listing is
produced giving all the available information about
the listed files.
The following characters may be used in addition to the
letter which selects the function desired.
11/3/71 TAP (I)
0, ..., 7 This modifier selects the drive on which the
tape is mounted. "0" is the default.
v Normally tap does its work silently. The v (verbose)
option causes it to type the name of each file it
treats preceded by a letter to indicate what is
happening.
r file is being replaced
a file is being added (not there before)
x file is being extracted
d file is being deleted
The v option can be used with r, u, d, and x only.
c means a fresh dump is being created; the
tape directory will be zeroed before beginning.
Usable only with r and u.
f causes new entries copied on tape to be `fake' in
that only the entries, not the data associated with
the entries are updated. Such fake entries cannot be
extracted. Usable only with r' and u.
w causes tap to pause before treating each
file, type the indicative letter and the
file name (as with v) await the user's response.
Response "y" means "yes", so the file is treated.
Null response means "no" , and the file does not
take part in whatever is being done. Response "x"
means exit ; the tap command terminates immediately.
In the x function, files previously asked about have
been extracted already. With r, u and d no change
has been made to the tape.
m make (create) directories during an x if necessary.
i ignore tape errors. It is suggested that this option
be used with caution to read
damaged tapes.
FILES /dev/tap0 ... /dev/tap7
SEE ALSO rk
DIAGNOSTICS RK open error
RK read error
RK write error
Directory checksum
Directory overflow
11/3/71 TAP (I)
RK overflow
Phase error (a file has changed after it was selected for
dumping but before it was dumped)
BUGS All references to "RK" should read "tape." The m option
does not work correctly in all cases. The i option is not
yet implemented.
OWNER ken
11/3/71 TM(I)
NAME tm -- provide time information
SYNOPSIS tm [ command arg1 .... ]
DESCRIPTION tm is used to provide timing information. When used without
an argument, output like the following is given:
tim 77:43:20 29.2
ovh 13:59:42 1.2
dsk 12:06:30 4.1
idl 352:31:37 23.7
usr 3:32:15 0.1
der 5, 171 0, 0
The first column of numbers gives totals in the named
categories since the last time the system was cold--booted;
the second column gives the changes since the last time tm
was invoked. The tim row is total real time
(hours:minutes:seconds); unlike the other times, its origin
is the creation date of tm's temporary file. ovh is time
spent executing in the system; dsk is time spent waiting
for both kinds of disk I/O; idl is idle time; usr is user
execution time; der is RF disk error count (left number)
and RK disk error count (right number).
tm can be invoked with arguments which are assumed to
constitute a command to be timed. In this case the output
is as follows:
tim 2.2
ovh 0.3
dsk 1.8
idl 0.0
usr 0.0
The given times represent the number of seconds spent in
each category during execution of the command.
FILES /tmp/ttmp, /dev/rf0 (for absolute times) contains the
information used to calculate the differential times.
SEE ALSO format of file system (which tells where the times come
from)
'
DIAGNOSTICS "?" if the command cannot be executed; "can't creat temp
file" if trouble with /tmp; "cant read super--block" if
times cannot be read from system.
BUGS (1) when invoked with a command argument, everything going
on at the moment is counted, not just the command itself.
(2) Two users doing tm