V10/cmd/f2c/readme
====== old index for f2c, now "readme from f2c" ============
FILES:
f2c.h Include file necessary for compiling output of the converter.
See the second NOTE below.
f2c.1 Man page for f2c.
f2c.1t Source for f2c.1 (to be processed by troff -man or nroff -man).
libf77 Library of non I/O support routines the generated C may need.
Fortran main programs result in a C function named MAIN__ that
is meant to be invoked by the main() in libf77.
libi77 Library of Fortran I/O routines the generated C may need.
Note that some vendors (e.g., BSD, Sun and MIPS) provide a
libF77 and libI77 that are incompatible with f2c -- they
provide some differently named routines or routines with the
names that f2c expects, but with different calling sequences.
On such systems, the recommended procedure is to merge
libf77 and libi77 into a single library, say libf2c, to install
it where you can access it by specifying -lf2c , and to adjust
the definition of link_msg in sysdep.c appropriately.
f2c.ps Postscript for a technical report on f2c. After you strip the
mail header, the first line should be "%!PS".
fixes The complete change log, reporting bug fixes and other changes.
(Some recent change-log entries are given below).
fc A shell script that uses f2c and imitates much of the behavior
of commonly found f77 commands. You will almost certainly
need to adjust some of the shell-variable assignments to make
this script work on your system.
SUBDIRECTORY:
f2c/src Source for the converter itself, including a file of checksums
and source for a program to compute the checksums (to verify
correct transmission of the source), is available: ask netlib to
send all from f2c/src
If the checksums show damage to just a few source files, or if
the change log file (see "fixes" below) reports corrections to
some source files, you can request those files individually
"from f2c/src". For example, to get defs.h and xsum0.out, you
would ask netlib to
send defs.h xsum0.out from f2c/src
"all from f2c/src" is 654329 bytes long.
Tip: if asked to send over 99,000 bytes in one request, netlib
breaks the shipment into 1000 line pieces and sends each piece
separately (since otherwise some mailers might gag). To avoid
the hassle of reassembling the pieces, try to keep each request
under 99,000 bytes long. The final number in each line of
xsum0.out gives the length of each file in f2c/src. For
example,
send exec.c expr.c from f2c/src
send format.c format_data.c from f2c/src
will give you slightly less hassle than
send exec.c expr.c format.c format_data.c from f2c/src
Alternatively, if all the mailers in your return path allow
long messages, you can supply an appropriate mailsize line in
your netlib request, e.g.
mailsize 200k
send exec.c expr.c format.c format_data.c from f2c/src
If you have trouble generating gram.c, you can ask netlib to
send gram.c from f2c/src
Then `xsum gram.c` should report
gram.c e2eca42c 57277
NOTE: For now, you may exercise f2c by sending netlib a message whose
first line is "execute f2c" and whose remaining lines are
the Fortran 77 source that you wish to have converted.
Return mail brings you the resulting C, with f2c's error
messages between #ifdef uNdEfInEd and #endif at the end.
(To understand line numbers in the error messages, regard
the "execute f2c" line as line 0. It is stripped away by
the netlib software before f2c sees your Fortran input.)
Options described in the man page may be transmitted to
netlib by having the first line of input be a comment
whose first 6 characters are "c$f2c " and whose remaining
characters are the desired options, e.g., "c$f2c -R -u".
This scheme may change -- ask netlib to
send index from f2c
if you do not get the behavior you expect.
During the initial experimental period, incoming Fortran
will be saved in a file. Don't send any secrets!
BUGS: Please send bug reports (including the shortest example
you can find that illustrates the bug) to research!dmg
or dmg@research.att.com . You might first check whether
the bug goes away when you turn optimization off.
NOTE: f2c.h defines several types, e.g., real, integer, doublereal.
The definitions in f2c.h are suitable for most machines, but if
your machine has sizeof(double) > 2*sizeof(long), you may need
to adjust f2c.h appropriately. f2c assumes
sizeof(doublecomplex) = 2*sizeof(doublereal)
sizeof(doublereal) = sizeof(complex)
sizeof(doublereal) = 2*sizeof(real)
sizeof(real) = sizeof(integer)
sizeof(real) = sizeof(logical)
sizeof(real) = 2*sizeof(shortint)
EQUIVALENCEs may not be translated correctly if these
assumptions are violated.
There exists a C compiler that objects to the lines
typedef VOID C_f; /* complex function */
typedef VOID H_f; /* character function */
typedef VOID Z_f; /* double complex function */
in f2c.h . If yours is such a compiler, do two things:
1. Complain to your vendor about this compiler bug.
2. Find the line
#define VOID void
in f2c.h and change it to
#define VOID int
(For readability, the f2c.h lines shown above have had two
tabs inserted before their first character.)
FTP: All the material described above is now available by ftp from
research.att.com (login: netlib; Password: your E-mail address;
cd f2c). You must uncompress the .Z files once you have a
copy of them, e.g., by
uncompress *.Z
-----------------
Recent change log (partial)
-----------------
Tue Oct 15 10:25:49 EDT 1991:
Minor tweaks that make some PC compilers happier: insert some
casts, add args to signal functions.
Change -g to emit uncommented #line lines -- and to emit more of them;
update fc, f2c.1, f2c.1t, f2c.ps to reflect this.
Thu Oct 17 09:22:05 EDT 1991:
libi77: README, fio.h, sue.c, uio.c changed so the length field
in unformatted sequential records has type long rather than int
(unless UIOLEN_int is #defined). This is for systems where sizeof(int)
can vary, depending on the compiler or compiler options.
Thu Oct 17 13:42:59 EDT 1991:
libi77: inquire.c: when MSDOS is defined, don't strcmp units[i].ufnm
when it is NULL.
Tue Oct 22 18:12:56 EDT 1991:
Fix memory fault when a character*(*) argument is used (illegally)
as a dummy variable in the definition of a statement function. (The
memory fault occurred when the statement function was invoked.)
Complain about implicit character*(*).
Thu Nov 14 08:50:42 EST 1991:
libi77: change uint to Uint in fmt.h, rdfmt.c, wrtfmt.c; this change
should be invisible unless you're running a brain-damaged system.
Mon Nov 25 19:04:40 EST 1991:
libi77: correct botches introduced 17 Oct. 1991 and 14 Nov. 1991
(change uint to Uint in lwrite.c; other changes that only matter if
sizeof(int) != sizeof(long)).
Add a more meaningful error message when bailing out due to an attempt
to invoke a COMMON variable as a function.
Sun Dec 1 19:29:24 EST 1991:
libi77: uio.c: add test for read failure (seq. unformatted reads);
adjust an error return from EOF to off end of record.
Tue Dec 10 17:42:28 EST 1991:
Add tests to prevent memory faults with bad uses of character*(*).
Thu Dec 12 11:24:41 EST 1991:
libi77: fix bug with internal list input that caused the last
character of each record to be ignored; adjust error message in
internal formatted input from "end-of-file" to "off end of record"
if the format specifies more characters than the record contains.
Wed Dec 18 17:48:11 EST 1991:
Fix bug in translating nonsensical ichar invocations involving
concatenations.
Fix bug in passing intrinsics lle, llt, lge, lgt as arguments;
hl_le was being passed rather than l_le, etc.
libf77: adjust length parameters from long to ftnlen, for
compiling with f2c_i2 defined.
Sat Dec 21 15:30:57 EST 1991:
Allow DO nnn ... to end with an END DO statement labeled nnn.
Tue Dec 31 13:53:47 EST 1991:
Fix bug in handling dimension a(n**3,2) -- pow_ii was called
incorrectly.
Fix bug in translating
subroutine x(abc,n)
character abc(n)
write(abc,'(i10)') 123
end
(omitted declaration and initialiation of abc_dim1).
Fri Jan 17 11:54:20 EST 1992:
Diagnose some illegal uses of main program name (rather than
memory faulting).
libi77: (1) In list and namelist input, treat "r* ," and "r*,"
alike (where r is a positive integer constant), and fix a bug in
handling null values following items with repeat counts (e.g.,
2*1,,3). (2) For namelist reading of a numeric array, allow a new
name-value subsequence to terminate the current one (as though the
current one ended with the right number of null values).
(3) [lio.h, lwrite.c]: omit insignificant zeros in list and namelist
output. (Compile with -DOld_list_output to get the old behavior.)
Sat Jan 18 15:58:01 EST 1992:
libi77: make list output consistent with F format by printing .1
rather than 0.1 (introduced yesterday).
Wed Jan 22 08:32:43 EST 1992:
libi77: add comment to README pointing out preconnection of
Fortran units 5, 6, 0 to stdin, stdout, stderr (respectively).
Mon Feb 3 11:57:53 EST 1992:
libi77: fix namelist read bug that caused the character following
a comma to be ignored.
Fri Feb 28 01:04:26 EST 1992:
libf77: fix buggy z_sqrt.c (double precision square root), which
misbehaved for arguments in the southwest quadrant.
Thu Mar 19 15:05:18 EST 1992:
Fix bug (introduced 17 Jan 1992) in handling multiple entry points
of differing types (with implicitly typed entries appearing after
the first executable statement).
Fix memory fault in the following illegal Fortran:
double precision foo(i)
* illegal: above should be "double precision function foo(i)"
foo = i * 3.2
entry moo(i)
end
Note about ANSI_Libraries (relevant, e.g., to IRIX 4.0.1 and AIX)
added to README.
Abort zero divides during constant simplification.
Sat Mar 21 01:27:09 EST 1992:
Tweak ckalloc (misc.c) for systems where malloc(0) = 0; this matters
for subroutines with multiple entry points but no arguments.
Add "struct memblock;" to init.c (irrelevant to most compilers).
Wed Mar 25 13:31:05 EST 1992:
Fix bug with IMPLICIT INTEGER*4(...): under -i2 or -I2, the *4 was
ignored.
Tue May 5 09:53:55 EDT 1992:
Tweaks to README; e.g., ANSI_LIbraries changed to ANSI_Libraries .
Wed May 6 23:49:07 EDT 1992
Under -A and -C++, have subroutines return 0 (even if they have
no * arguments).
Adjust libi77 (rsne.c and lread.c) for systems where ungetc is
a macro. Tweak lib[FI]77/makefile to use unique intermediate file
names (for parallel makes).
Tue May 19 09:03:05 EDT 1992:
Adjust libI77 to make err= work with internal list and formatted I/O.
Sat May 23 18:17:42 EDT 1992:
Under -A and -C++, supply "return 0;" after the code generated for
a STOP statement -- the C compiler doesn't know that s_stop won't
return.
New (mutually exclusive) options:
-f treats all input lines as free-format lines,
honoring text that appears after column 72
and not padding lines shorter than 72 characters
with blanks (which matters if a character string
is continued across 2 or more lines).
-72 treats text appearing after column 72 as an error.
Sun May 24 09:45:37 EDT 1992:
Tweak description of -f in f2c.1 and f2c.1t; update f2c.ps .
Fri May 29 01:17:15 EDT 1992:
Complain about externals used as variables. Example
subroutine foo(a,b)
external b
a = a*b ! illegal use of b; perhaps should be b()
end
Mon Jun 15 11:15:27 EDT 1992:
Fix bug in handling namelists with names that have underscores.
Sat Jun 27 17:30:59 EDT 1992:
Under -A and -C++, end Main program aliases with "return 0;".
Under -A and -C++, use .P files and usage in previous subprograms
in the current file to give prototypes for functions declared EXTERNAL
but not invoked.
Fix memory fault under -d1 -P .
Under -A and -C++, cast arguments to the right types in calling
a function that has been defined in the current file or in a .P file.
Fix bug in handling multi-dimensional arrays with array references
in their leading dimensions.
Fix bug in the intrinsic cmplx function when the first argument
involves an expression for which f2c generates temporary variables,
e.g. cmplx(abs(real(a)),1.) .
Sat Jul 18 07:36:58 EDT 1992:
Fix buglet with -e1c (invisible on most systems) temporary file
f2c_functions was unlinked before being closed.
libf77: fix bugs in evaluating m**n for integer n < 0 and m an
integer different from 1 or a real or double precision 0.
Catch SIGTRAP (to print "Trace trap" before aborting). Programs
that previously erroneously computed 1 for 0**-1 may now fault.
Relevant routines: main.c pow_di.c pow_hh.c pow_ii.c pow_ri.c .
Sat Jul 18 08:40:10 EDT 1992:
libi77: allow namelist input to end with & (e.g. &end).
Thu Jul 23 00:14:43 EDT 1992:
Append two underscores rather than one to C keywords used as
local variables to avoid conflicts with similarly named COMMON blocks.
Thu Jul 23 11:20:55 EDT 1992:
libf77, libi77 updated to assume ANSI prototypes unless KR_headers
is #defined.
libi77 now recognizes a Z format item as in Fortran 90;
the implementation assumes 8-bit bytes and botches character strings
on little-endian machines (by printing their bytes from right to
left): expect this bug to persist; fixing it would require a
change to the I/O calling sequences.
Tue Jul 28 15:18:33 EDT 1992:
libi77: insert missed "#ifdef KR_headers" lines around getnum
header in rsne.c. Version not updated.
Thu Aug 6 14:19:22 EDT 1992:
Update "names.c from f2c/src", which missed being updated on 23 July.
Fri Aug 14 08:07:09 EDT 1992:
libi77: tweak wrt_E in wref.c to avoid signing NaNs.
Sun Aug 23 19:05:22 EDT 1992:
fc: supply : after O in getopt invocation (for -O1 -O2 -O3).
Mon Aug 24 18:37:59 EDT 1992:
Recant above tweak to fc: getopt is dumber than I thought;
it's necessary to say -O 1 (etc.).
libF77/README: add comments about ABORT, ERF, DERF, ERFC, DERFC,
GETARG, GETENV, IARGC, SIGNAL, and SYSTEM.
Tue Oct 27 01:57:42 EST 1992:
libf77, libi77:
1. Fix botched indirection in signal_.c.
2. Supply missing l_eof = 0 assignment to s_rsne() in rsne.c (so
end-of-file on other files won't confuse namelist reads of external
files).
3. Prepend f__ to external names that are only of internal
interest to lib[FI]77.
Current timestamps of files in "all from f2c/src", sorted by time,
appear below (mm/dd/year hh:mm:ss). To bring your source up to date,
obtain source files with a timestamp later than the time shown in your
version.c. Note that the time shown in the current version.c is the
timestamp of the source module that immediately follows version.c below:
7/23/1992 0:03:19 xsum0.out
7/22/1992 22:54:58 version.c
7/22/1992 22:54:52 misc.c
7/18/1992 0:41:22 names.c
6/27/1992 14:50:07 vax.c
6/27/1992 14:17:39 expr.c
6/20/1992 13:36:37 output.c
6/20/1992 11:41:38 pread.c
6/20/1992 11:06:07 putpcc.c
6/20/1992 10:58:23 proc.c
6/20/1992 8:14:11 format.c
6/20/1992 8:03:20 defs.h
6/20/1992 5:34:05 sysdep.c
6/19/1992 7:15:28 main.c
5/24/1992 9:44:46 f2c.1
5/24/1992 8:57:16 f2c.1t
5/23/1992 14:18:33 lex.c
5/22/1992 23:09:57 gram.exec
5/05/1992 9:44:35 README
3/25/1992 12:58:56 init.c
1/17/1992 10:56:46 Notice
12/30/1991 17:17:44 io.c
12/21/1991 15:24:34 exec.c
12/18/1991 16:11:29 intr.c
12/18/1991 15:32:02 put.c
10/15/1991 9:09:35 niceprintf.c
10/15/1991 1:27:37 formatdata.c
10/15/1991 1:26:39 sysdep.h
10/14/1991 12:30:48 p1output.c
10/11/1991 18:59:37 defines.h
9/09/1991 23:15:17 xsum.c
8/28/1991 0:07:01 gram.dcl
6/17/1991 16:43:01 gram.head
6/06/1991 0:41:56 makefile
4/25/1991 12:56:19 f2c.h
4/05/1991 7:43:45 mem.c
2/08/1991 11:29:18 malloc.c
1/15/1991 1:21:00 equiv.c
11/30/1990 9:47:48 data.c
7/26/1990 10:54:47 parse_args.c
7/26/1990 10:44:26 parse.h
5/11/1990 14:17:04 error.c
4/18/1990 12:25:18 cds.c
4/06/1990 0:00:57 gram.io
4/05/1990 23:40:09 gram.expr
3/27/1990 16:39:18 names.h
3/27/1990 10:05:15 p1defs.h
2/16/1990 10:37:27 tokens
2/14/1990 2:00:20 format.h
2/14/1990 1:38:46 output.h
2/14/1990 0:54:06 iob.h
2/03/1990 0:58:26 niceprintf.h
1/29/1990 13:26:52 memset.c
1/11/1990 18:02:51 ftypes.h
1/07/1990 1:20:01 usignal.h
11/27/1989 8:27:37 machdefs.h
7/01/1989 11:59:44 pccdefs.h