.yy "Commands and Data Files" .xx "Shell and Shell Scripts" =, ==, =p, ==p \- redo previous shell command \s-2\&=(1)\s0 apply, pick \- repeatedly apply a command; select arguments \s-2\&APPLY(1)\s0 basename, dirname \- strip filename affixes \s-2\&BASENAME(1)\s0 echo, printf \- print arguments \s-2\&ECHO(1)\s0 expr \- evaluate arguments as an expression \s-2\&EXPR(1)\s0 printenv \- print environment \s-2\&PRINTENV(1)\s0 rc, cd, wait, whatis \- command language \s-2\&RC(1)\s0 sh, cd, wait, whatis \- shell, the standard command programming language \s-2\&SH(1)\s0 tee \- pipe fitting \s-2\&TEE(1)\s0 test, [, newer \- condition commands \s-2\&TEST(1)\s0 tr \- translate characters \s-2\&TR(1)\s0 true, false \- provide truth values \s-2\&TRUE(1)\s0 .xx "Manipulating Directories" chmod \- change mode \s-2\&CHMOD(1)\s0 dir \- format of directories \s-2\&DIR(5)\s0 dired \- directory editor \s-2\&DIRED(1)\s0 find \- find files \s-2\&FIND(1)\s0 idiff \(mi interactive file comparison \s-2\&IDIFF(1)\s0 ls, lc \(mi list contents of directory \s-2\&LS(1)\s0 mkdir \(mi make a directory \s-2\&MKDIR(1)\s0 pwd, where \(mi machine name and working directory \s-2\&PWD(1)\s0 rc, cd, wait, whatis \- command language \s-2\&RC(1)\s0 rm \- remove (unlink) files \s-2\&RM(1)\s0 sh, cd, wait, whatis \- shell, the standard command programming language \s-2\&SH(1)\s0 touch, chdate \- set modification or access date of a file \s-2\&CHDATE(1)\s0 worm \- format of worm disks \s-2\&WORM(5)\s0 .xx "Manipulating Files" awk \- pattern-directed scanning and processing language \s-2\&AWK(1)\s0 cat \- catenate and print \s-2\&CAT(1)\s0 cbt \- btree utilities \s-2\&CBT(1)\s0 chmod \- change mode \s-2\&CHMOD(1)\s0 cmp \- compare two files \s-2\&CMP(1)\s0 col, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, mc, fold, expand \- column alignment \s-2\&COLUMN(1)\s0 comm \- select or reject lines common to two sorted files \s-2\&COMM(1)\s0 cp, mv, ln, reccp \- copy, move, or link files \s-2\&CP(1)\s0 crypt, encrypt, decrypt \- encode/decode \s-2\&CRYPT(1)\s0 cut, paste \- rearrange columns of data \s-2\&CUT(1)\s0 dd, dblbuf \- convert and copy a file \s-2\&DD(1)\s0 diff, diff3 \- differential file comparison \s-2\&DIFF(1)\s0 file \(mi determine file type \s-2\&FILE(1)\s0 find \- find files \s-2\&FIND(1)\s0 gre, grep, egrep, fgrep \(mi search a file for a pattern \s-2\&GRE(1)\s0 idiff \(mi interactive file comparison \s-2\&IDIFF(1)\s0 join \(mi relational database operator \s-2\&JOIN(1)\s0 look \(mi find lines in a sorted list \s-2\&LOOK(1)\s0 ls, lc \(mi list contents of directory \s-2\&LS(1)\s0 pack, unpack, pcat, compress, uncompress, zcat \(mi compress and expand files \s-2\&PACK(1)\s0 pr \(mi print file \s-2\&PR(1)\s0 random, fortune \- sample lines from a file, return cookies \s-2\&RANDOM(1)\s0 rc, cd, wait, whatis \- command language \s-2\&RC(1)\s0 rev, revpag \- reverse lines or pages \s-2\&REV(1)\s0 rm \- remove (unlink) files \s-2\&RM(1)\s0 sed \- stream editor \s-2\&SED(1)\s0 sh, cd, wait, whatis \- shell, the standard command programming language \s-2\&SH(1)\s0 sort \- sort and/or merge files \s-2\&SORT(1)\s0 split, fsplit \- split a file into pieces \s-2\&SPLIT(1)\s0 strings \- find printable strings in a file \s-2\&STRINGS(1)\s0 sum, treesum \- sum and count blocks in a file \s-2\&SUM(1)\s0 tail, readslow \- deliver the last part of a file \s-2\&TAIL(1)\s0 touch, chdate \- set modification or access date of a file \s-2\&CHDATE(1)\s0 tsort \- topological sort \s-2\&TSORT(1)\s0 uniq \- report repeated lines in a file \s-2\&UNIQ(1)\s0 vis \- show invisible characters \s-2\&VIS(1)\s0 wc \- word count \s-2\&WC(1)\s0 xd, od \(mi hex, octal, decimal, or ascii dump \s-2\&XD(1)\s0 .xx "Privacy and Security" chmod \- change mode \s-2\&CHMOD(1)\s0 chown \- change owner or group \s-2\&CHOWN(8)\s0 crypt, encrypt, decrypt \- encode/decode \s-2\&CRYPT(1)\s0 getty \- set terminal mode \s-2\&GETTY(8)\s0 getuid, id \(mi get user identity \s-2\&GETUID(1)\s0 group \- group file \s-2\&GROUP(5)\s0 init \- process control initialization \s-2\&INIT(8)\s0 newgrp \(mi change to a new group \s-2\&NEWGRP(1)\s0 passwd \(mi change login password \s-2\&PASSWD(1)\s0 passwd \- password file \s-2\&PASSWD(5)\s0 su, setlog \- substitute userid temporarily, become super-user \s-2\&SU(8)\s0 .xx "Editors" ed, e \- text editor \s-2\&ED(1)\s0 ex, edit, vi \- text editor \s-2\&VI(1)\s0 graphdraw graphpic \- edit (combinatoric) graphs, convert to pic files \s-2\&GRAPHDRAW(9.1)\s0 icon \- icon editor \s-2\&ICON(9.1)\s0 jf \- font editor \s-2\&JF(9.1)\s0 ped, tped \- picture editor \s-2\&PED(9.1)\s0 pico \(mi graphics editor \s-2\&PICO(1)\s0 rebecca \- graphics touch-up editor \s-2\&REBECCA(9.1)\s0 sam \- screen editor with structural regular expressions \s-2\&SAM(9.1)\s0 sed \- stream editor \s-2\&SED(1)\s0 .xx "Programming \- In C" 11as, 11cc, 11ld, 11nm, 11ranlib, 11reloc, 11size, 11strip \- pdp11 support \s-2\&11(8)\s0 3cc, 3as, 3ar, 3ld, 3nm, 3size, 3strip, cprs \- MAC-32 C compiler \s-2\&3CC(9.1)\s0 CC, cfront \- C++ compiler \s-2\&C++(1)\s0 cb, pp \- C program beautifier and pretty printer \s-2\&CB(1)\s0 cc, lcc \- C compilers \s-2\&CC(1)\s0 cin \- C interpreter \s-2\&CIN(1)\s0 cpp \- C language preprocessor \s-2\&CPP(8)\s0 lint, cyntax, cem \- C program verifiers \s-2\&LINT(1)\s0 m4 \(mi macro processor \s-2\&M4(1)\s0 make \(mi maintain collections of programs \s-2\&MAKE(1)\s0 mk, mkconv, membername \- maintain (make) related files \s-2\&MK(1)\s0 .xx "Programming \- In Other Languages" altran, cospan, esterel, icon, lisp, macsyma, maple, ops5, pascal, ratfor, S, smp, sno, spitbol, \s-2\&LANGS(1)\s0 .ti .5i struct, twig \- languages as \- assembler \s-2\&AS(1)\s0 awk \- pattern-directed scanning and processing language \s-2\&AWK(1)\s0 f2c \(mi Convert Fortran 77 to C \s-2\&F2C(1)\s0 f77 \(mi Fortran 77 compiler \s-2\&F77(1)\s0 lex \(mi generator of lexical analysis programs \s-2\&LEX(1)\s0 make \(mi maintain collections of programs \s-2\&MAKE(1)\s0 mk, mkconv, membername \- maintain (make) related files \s-2\&MK(1)\s0 snocone \- snobol with syntactic sugar \s-2\&SNOCONE(1)\s0 yacc, eyacc \- yet another compiler-compiler \s-2\&YACC(1)\s0 .xx "Programming \- Libraries and Object Files" 32ld \- bootstrap loader for 5620 \s-2\&32LD(9.1)\s0 a.out \- object file format \s-2\&A.OUT(5)\s0 ar \- archive (library) file format \s-2\&AR(5)\s0 ar, ranlib \- archive and library maintainer \s-2\&AR(1)\s0 ld \(mi link editor or loader \s-2\&LD(1)\s0 libc \- standard library functions \s-2\&LIBC(9.3)\s0 lorder \(mi find ordering relation for an object library \s-2\&LORDER(1)\s0 nm \(mi name list (symbol table) \s-2\&NM(1)\s0 size \- size of an object file \s-2\&SIZE(1)\s0 stab \- symbol table types \s-2\&STAB(5)\s0 strip \- remove symbols and relocation bits \s-2\&STRIP(1)\s0 .xx "Programming \- Debugging and Tuning" adb \- debugger \s-2\&ADB(1)\s0 bigcore, coreid \- permit big core images, identify source of image \s-2\&BIGCORE(1)\s0 core \- format of memory image file \s-2\&CORE(5)\s0 hang \(mi start a process in stopped state \s-2\&HANG(1)\s0 lcomp, lprint \(mi line-by-line profiler \s-2\&LCOMP(1)\s0 pi, 3pi \- process inspector \s-2\&PI(9.1)\s0 prof \(mi display profile data \s-2\&PROF(1)\s0 time \- time a command \s-2\&TIME(1)\s0 .xx "Writing Papers \- Troff and Troff Preprocessors" cip \- draw pictures for typesetting \s-2\&CIP(9.1)\s0 cite \- process citations in a document \s-2\&CITE(1)\s0 dag \- preprocessor for drawing directed graphs \s-2\&DAG(1)\s0 doctype \- guess command line for formatting a document \s-2\&DOCTYPE(1)\s0 eqn, neqn, checkeq \- typeset mathematics \s-2\&EQN(1)\s0 eqnchar \- special character definitions for eqn \s-2\&EQNCHAR(6)\s0 font \- typesetter fonts \s-2\&FONT(6)\s0 grap \(mi pic preprocessor for drawing graphs \s-2\&GRAP(1)\s0 ideal \(mi troff preprocessor for drawing pictures \s-2\&IDEAL(1)\s0 ipa \- international phonetic alphabet font and preprocessor \s-2\&IPA(6)\s0 make \(mi maintain collections of programs \s-2\&MAKE(1)\s0 mbits \- macros to typeset bitmaps \s-2\&MBITS(6)\s0 mcs \- macros for formatting cover sheets \s-2\&MCS(6)\s0 mk, mkconv, membername \- maintain (make) related files \s-2\&MK(1)\s0 movie, stills \- algorithm animation \s-2\&MOVIE(9.1)\s0 mpictures \- picture inclusion macros \s-2\&MPICTURES(6)\s0 mpm \- macros for page makeup \s-2\&MPM(6)\s0 ms \- macros for formatting manuscripts \s-2\&MS(6)\s0 ped, tped \- picture editor \s-2\&PED(9.1)\s0 pic, tpic \(mi troff and tex preprocessors for drawing pictures \s-2\&PIC(1)\s0 prefer, pinvert, penter, plook, pconvert \- maintain and use bibliographic references \s-2\&PREFER(1)\s0 refer, lookbib, pubindex \- maintain and use bibliographic references \s-2\&REFER(1)\s0 tbl \- format tables for nroff or troff \s-2\&TBL(1)\s0 troff, nroff \- text formatting and typesetting \s-2\&TROFF(1)\s0 .xx "Writing Papers \- Other Formatters" fmt \(mi ultra-simple text formatter \s-2\&FMT(1)\s0 latex, bibtex \- tex macro package and bibliographies \s-2\&LATEX(6)\s0 monk, monksample \- typeset documents and letters \s-2\&MONK(1)\s0 tex, initex, virtex, dvips, dvit \- text formatting and typesetting \s-2\&TEX(1)\s0 .xx "Writing Papers \- Writing Aids" deroff, detex, delatex \- remove formatting requests \s-2\&DEROFF(1)\s0 docgen \- generate a document from a script \s-2\&DOCGEN(1)\s0 ptx \- permuted index \s-2\&PTX(1)\s0 spell \- find spelling errors \s-2\&SPELL(1)\s0 wc \- word count \s-2\&WC(1)\s0 wwb, style, diction, punct \- writer's workbench \s-2\&WWB(1)\s0 .xx "Writing Papers \- Output" apsend \- send troff output to phototypesetter \s-2\&APSEND(1)\s0 cb, pp \- C program beautifier and pretty printer \s-2\&CB(1)\s0 col, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, mc, fold, expand \- column alignment \s-2\&COLUMN(1)\s0 d202, tc \- typesetter filters \s-2\&D202(1)\s0 docsubmit \- send document to library \s-2\&DOCSUBMIT(1)\s0 font \- description files for troff \s-2\&FONT(5)\s0 font \- typesetter fonts \s-2\&FONT(6)\s0 lp \- printer output \s-2\&LP(1)\s0 proof \- troff output interpreter for 5620 \s-2\&PROOF(9.1)\s0 psi \- postscript interpreter \s-2\&PSI(9.1)\s0 reader \- electronic retrieval of typeset documents \s-2\&READER(9.7)\s0 rev, revpag \- reverse lines or pages \s-2\&REV(1)\s0 sendcover \- send cover sheet to the library \s-2\&SENDCOVER(8)\s0 .xx "Numerical Mathematics" bc \- arbitrary-precision arithmetic language \s-2\&BC(1)\s0 dc \- desk calculator \s-2\&DC(1)\s0 factor, qfactor, primes \(mi factor a number, generate large primes \s-2\&FACTOR(1)\s0 grap \(mi pic preprocessor for drawing graphs \s-2\&GRAP(1)\s0 graph \- draw a graph \s-2\&GRAPH(1)\s0 hoc \(mi interactive floating point language \s-2\&HOC(1)\s0 matlab \(mi interactive matrix desk calculator \s-2\&MATLAB(1)\s0 seq \- print sequences of numbers \s-2\&SEQ(1)\s0 .xx "Graphics" 2500 \- BVH2500 videotape recorder \s-2\&2500(1)\s0 bcp \(mi reformat black-and-white picture files \s-2\&BCP(1)\s0 cip \- draw pictures for typesetting \s-2\&CIP(9.1)\s0 dag \- preprocessor for drawing directed graphs \s-2\&DAG(1)\s0 face, mugs \- show faces, make face icons from pictures \s-2\&FACE(9.7)\s0 grap \(mi pic preprocessor for drawing graphs \s-2\&GRAP(1)\s0 graph \- draw a graph \s-2\&GRAPH(1)\s0 graphdraw graphpic \- edit (combinatoric) graphs, convert to pic files \s-2\&GRAPHDRAW(9.1)\s0 icon \- icon editor \s-2\&ICON(9.1)\s0 ideal \(mi troff preprocessor for drawing pictures \s-2\&IDEAL(1)\s0 imscan \(mi scan greyscale images \s-2\&IMSCAN(1)\s0 jf \- font editor \s-2\&JF(9.1)\s0 map \- digitized map formats \s-2\&MAP(5)\s0 movie, stills \- algorithm animation \s-2\&MOVIE(9.1)\s0 ocr \- optical character recognition \s-2\&OCR(1)\s0 ped, tped \- picture editor \s-2\&PED(9.1)\s0 pic, tpic \(mi troff and tex preprocessors for drawing pictures \s-2\&PIC(1)\s0 pico \(mi graphics editor \s-2\&PICO(1)\s0 plot \(mi graphics filters \s-2\&PLOT(1)\s0 plot \- graphics interface \s-2\&PLOT(5)\s0 qsnap \(mi high resolution digital film printer \s-2\&QSNAP(1)\s0 rebecca \- graphics touch-up editor \s-2\&REBECCA(9.1)\s0 view2d \- movie of a function f(x, y, t) \s-2\&VIEW2D(5)\s0 view2d, regrid, vdata \- movie of a function f(x, y, t) \s-2\&VIEW2D(1)\s0 .xx "Communication - Terminals" flicks, fflicks, preflicks, 2mux \- movie graphics for 5620 \s-2\&FLICKS(9.1)\s0 getfont \- replace terminal's default font \s-2\&GETFONT(9.1)\s0 jx \- 5620 execution and stdio interpreter \s-2\&JX(9.1)\s0 lens \- bitmap magnifier \s-2\&LENS(9.1)\s0 mouse \- jerq mouse user interface \s-2\&MOUSE(9.4)\s0 movies \- graphics movie file formats \s-2\&FLICKFILE(9.5)\s0 mux, ismux, invert \- layer multiplexer for 5620 \s-2\&MUX(9.1)\s0 p, pg, more \(mi paginate \s-2\&P(1)\s0 passwd \(mi change login password \s-2\&PASSWD(1)\s0 ruler \- measure things on the screen \s-2\&RULER(9.1)\s0 stty \- set terminal options \s-2\&STTY(1)\s0 tabs \- set terminal tabs \s-2\&TABS(1)\s0 term \- nonstandard mux terminals \s-2\&TERM(9.1)\s0 terminals \- conventional names \s-2\&TERM(6)\s0 tty, logtty \- get terminal name \s-2\&TTY(1)\s0 ttys \- terminal initialization data \s-2\&TTYS(5)\s0 ul \- print underlines on screen terminals \s-2\&UL(1)\s0 windows, jps, reshape \- create and initialize windows \s-2\&WINDOWS(9.1)\s0 write, mesg \- write to other users, allow or forbid messages \s-2\&WRITE(1)\s0 .xx "Communication \- Other Devices" 2500 \- BVH2500 videotape recorder \s-2\&2500(1)\s0 apsend \- send troff output to phototypesetter \s-2\&APSEND(1)\s0 d202, tc \- typesetter filters \s-2\&D202(1)\s0 dd, dblbuf \- convert and copy a file \s-2\&DD(1)\s0 lp \- printer output \s-2\&LP(1)\s0 null \- data sink \s-2\&NULL(4)\s0 plot \(mi graphics filters \s-2\&PLOT(1)\s0 tape, mt \- identify and manipulate magnetic tape \s-2\&TAPE(1)\s0 tar \- tape archiver \s-2\&TAR(1)\s0 thinkblt, think \- print on thinkjet \s-2\&THINKBLT(9.1)\s0 .xx "Communication \- Other Users" bundle \- collect files for distribution \s-2\&BUNDLE(1)\s0 checknews, readnews \- read netnews articles \s-2\&READNEWS(7)\s0 cpio \- copy file archives in and out \s-2\&CPIO(1)\s0 cpio \- format of cpio archive \s-2\&CPIO(5)\s0 mail \(mi send or receive mail \s-2\&MAIL(1)\s0 mail \- mail addresses \s-2\&MAIL(6)\s0 netnews \(mi send or receive news articles \s-2\&NETNEWS(7)\s0 news \(mi print news items \s-2\&NEWS(7)\s0 postnews \(mi submit netnews articles \s-2\&POSTNEWS(7)\s0 vismon, sysmon, vwhois \- system statistics and mail notification \s-2\&VISMON(9.1)\s0 who, whois, last \- who is or was on the system \s-2\&WHO(1)\s0 write, mesg \- write to other users, allow or forbid messages \s-2\&WRITE(1)\s0 .xx "Communication \- Other Machines" con, rx \- remote login and execution \s-2\&CON(1)\s0 cu, ct \- call out to a terminal or another system \s-2\&CU(1)\s0 dcon, ndcon, rlogin, nrx, rsh, scriptcon \- remote login and execution \s-2\&DCON(1)\s0 dk \- Datakit interface \s-2\&DK(4)\s0 dkname \(mi map system name to Datakit address \s-2\&DKNAME(7)\s0 mkpkg, inspkg, seal, unseal \- package files for automatic software distribution \s-2\&MKPKG(8)\s0 push, pull, npush, npull \- datakit remote file copy \s-2\&PUSH(1)\s0 rcp \- remote file copy \s-2\&RCP(1)\s0 ship, shipstat \(mi automatic software distribution \s-2\&SHIP(8)\s0 spin \(mi protocol analysis software \s-2\&SPIN(1)\s0 uucp, uulog, uuname \- unix-to-unix remote file copy \s-2\&UUCP(1)\s0 uustat \- uucp status inquiry and job control \s-2\&UUSTAT(1)\s0 uux \- unix to unix command execution \s-2\&UUX(1)\s0 .xx "Process Management" getuid, id \(mi get user identity \s-2\&GETUID(1)\s0 hang \(mi start a process in stopped state \s-2\&HANG(1)\s0 kill \(mi terminate a process with extreme prejudice \s-2\&KILL(1)\s0 newgrp \(mi change to a new group \s-2\&NEWGRP(1)\s0 nice, nohup \(mi run commands at low priority or immune to hangup \s-2\&NICE(1)\s0 ps \(mi process status \s-2\&PS(1)\s0 rc, cd, wait, whatis \- command language \s-2\&RC(1)\s0 sh, cd, wait, whatis \- shell, the standard command programming language \s-2\&SH(1)\s0 sleep \- suspend execution for an interval \s-2\&SLEEP(1)\s0 time \- time a command \s-2\&TIME(1)\s0 .xx "Time Management" at \(mi execute commands at a later time \s-2\&AT(1)\s0 cal \- print calendar \s-2\&CAL(7)\s0 calendar \- reminder service \s-2\&CALENDAR(1)\s0 date \- print or set the date \s-2\&DATE(1)\s0 time \- time a command \s-2\&TIME(1)\s0 wwv \- print or set the date from accurate clock \s-2\&WWV(1)\s0 .xx "Instruction and Information" apnews, ap.keys \- present AP wire stories \s-2\&APNEWS(7)\s0 ascii \- interpret \s-2\&ASCII(1)\s0 ascii \- map of ASCII character set \s-2\&ASCII(7)\s0 cal \- print calendar \s-2\&CAL(7)\s0 date \- print or set the date \s-2\&DATE(1)\s0 dict \- look up words in English dictionaries \s-2\&DICT(7)\s0 dkname \(mi map system name to Datakit address \s-2\&DKNAME(7)\s0 face, mugs \- show faces, make face icons from pictures \s-2\&FACE(9.7)\s0 findauthor, papers, makepaper \- consult database of locally authored papers \s-2\&PAPERS(7)\s0 games, demo \- some playthings \s-2\&GAMES(1)\s0 library, bellcat \- bell labs library services \s-2\&LIBRARY(7)\s0 man \(mi macros to typeset manual \s-2\&MAN(6)\s0 man \(mi print pages of this manual \s-2\&MAN(1)\s0 map \- digitized map formats \s-2\&MAP(5)\s0 map \- draw maps on various projections \s-2\&MAP(7)\s0 netnews \(mi send or receive news articles \s-2\&NETNEWS(7)\s0 netnews \- usenet news articles, utility files \s-2\&NETNEWS(5)\s0 poly \- polyhedron database \s-2\&POLY(5)\s0 polypic, polypr \- database of polyhedra \s-2\&POLY(7)\s0 reader \- electronic retrieval of typeset documents \s-2\&READER(9.7)\s0 scat \- sky catalogue \s-2\&SCAT(7)\s0 sky \- astronomical ephemeris \s-2\&SKY(7)\s0 tel, telno, dq \- phone books \s-2\&TEL(7)\s0 town \- gazetteer of US places \s-2\&TOWN(7)\s0 units \- conversion program \s-2\&UNITS(7)\s0 weather \- conditions and forecast by town \s-2\&WEATHER(7)\s0 whoami \- computer name \s-2\&WHOAMI(5)\s0 .xx "Miscellany" crypt, encrypt, decrypt \- encode/decode \s-2\&CRYPT(1)\s0 cscan \- scan documents on canon scanner \s-2\&CSCAN(1)\s0 games, demo \- some playthings \s-2\&GAMES(1)\s0 lab \(mi label maker \s-2\&LAB(1)\s0 .xx "System Administration \- Not just for su" backup \- backup and recover files \s-2\&BACKUP(1)\s0 backup \- incremental backup files \s-2\&BACKUP(5)\s0 du, df \- disk usage \s-2\&DU(1)\s0 kill \(mi terminate a process with extreme prejudice \s-2\&KILL(1)\s0 load \(mi load statistics \s-2\&LOAD(1)\s0 passwd \(mi change login password \s-2\&PASSWD(1)\s0 ps \(mi process status \s-2\&PS(1)\s0 pstat \- print system facts \s-2\&PSTAT(8)\s0 quot, findo \- file system usage and demography \s-2\"(8)\s0 upas, rmail, translate \- mail delivery system \s-2\&UPAS(8)\s0 utmp, wtmp \- login records \s-2\&UTMP(5)\s0 vismon, sysmon, vwhois \- system statistics and mail notification \s-2\&VISMON(9.1)\s0 vmstat \- report virtual memory statistics \s-2\&VMSTAT(8)\s0 who, whois, last \- who is or was on the system \s-2\&WHO(1)\s0 wwv \- print or set the date from accurate clock \s-2\&WWV(1)\s0 .xx "System Administration \- su Only" ac \- login accounting \s-2\&AC(8)\s0 acct \- execution accounting file \s-2\&ACCT(5)\s0 arff \- read RT11 files \s-2\&ARFF(8)\s0 backup \- backup client administration \s-2\&BACKUP(8)\s0 chown \- change owner or group \s-2\&CHOWN(8)\s0 chuck \- a file system checking program \s-2\&CHUCK(8)\s0 clri \- clear inode \s-2\&CLRI(8)\s0 cons \- console interface \s-2\&CONSOLE(4)\s0 date \- print or set the date \s-2\&DATE(1)\s0 dmesg \- system diagnostic messages \s-2\&DMESG(8)\s0 drum \- paging device \s-2\&DRUM(4)\s0 fsck \- file system consistency check and interactive repair \s-2\&FSCK(8)\s0 group \- group file \s-2\&GROUP(5)\s0 icheck, dcheck, ncheck \- file system consistency check \s-2\&ICHECK(8)\s0 kmc, kdiload, kmcdump \- control KMC11 input/output processors \s-2\&KMC(8)\s0 makekey \- generate encryption key \s-2\&MAKEKEY(8)\s0 mkfs, mkbitfs, mklost+found \- construct a disk file system \s-2\&MKFS(8)\s0 mknod \- construct special file \s-2\&MKNOD(8)\s0 mount, umount \- mount and dismount file system \s-2\&MOUNT(8)\s0 netfs \- network file system \s-2\&NETFS(8)\s0 netstat, dkstat \- show network status for internet and datakit networks \s-2\&NETSTAT(8)\s0 passwd \- password file \s-2\&PASSWD(5)\s0 ra \- DEC MSCP disks (RA60, RA80, RA81, RA90) \s-2\&RA(4)\s0 rarepl, rarct \- replace bad blocks on MSCP disks \s-2\&RAREPL(8)\s0 renice \- change priority of running process \s-2\&RENICE(8)\s0 sa, accton \- system accounting \s-2\&SA(8)\s0 scsi \- SCSI interface \s-2\&SCSI(4)\s0 scsish \- SCSI shell \s-2\&SCSISH(8)\s0 ship, shipstat \(mi automatic software distribution \s-2\&SHIP(8)\s0 showq \- status of stream input/output system \s-2\&SHOWQ(8)\s0 smash \- rewrite bad disk sectors \s-2\&SMASH(8)\s0 su, setlog \- substitute userid temporarily, become super-user \s-2\&SU(8)\s0 sync, update \- update disk file systems \s-2\&SYNC(8)\s0 wall \- write to all users \s-2\&WALL(8)\s0 worm \- optical disk utilities \s-2\&WORM(8)\s0 .xx "System Administration - Usually or Always Run Automatically" asd \- automatic software distribution \s-2\&ASD(8)\s0 cron \- clock daemon \s-2\&CRON(8)\s0 dkhup, dkmgr, dkzap \- manage Datakit interface \s-2\&DKMGR(8)\s0 dpost, postdaisy, postdmd, postprint \- filters to produce postscript \s-2\&POSTSCRIPT(8)\s0 faced \- network face server \s-2\&FACED(9.5)\s0 getty \- set terminal mode \s-2\&GETTY(8)\s0 init \- process control initialization \s-2\&INIT(8)\s0 ipconfig, dkipconfig, udpconfig \- set up darpa internet protocols \s-2\&IPCONFIG(8)\s0 ldpcs \- load comet microcode \s-2\&LDPCS(8)\s0 login \- sign on \s-2\&LOGIN(8)\s0 ns \- name server database \s-2\&NS(8)\s0 postio \- serial interface for postscript printers \s-2\&POSTIO(8)\s0 qns \- query name server \s-2\&QNS(7)\s0 rc \- boot script \s-2\&RC(8)\s0 reboot \- bootstrapping procedures \s-2\&REBOOT(8)\s0 route, routed \- IP gateway routing \s-2\&ROUTE(8)\s0 savecore \- save a core image of the operating system \s-2\&SAVECORE(8)\s0 smtp, smtpqer, smtpd, smtpsched \- smtp interface routines \s-2\&SMTP(8)\s0 svcmgr \- service remote computing requests \s-2\&SVCMGR(8)\s0 swapon \- specify swapping device \s-2\&SWAPON(8)\s0 tcpmgr \- accept and place calls via the TCP protocol \s-2\&TCPMGR(8)\s0 upas, rmail, translate \- mail delivery system \s-2\&UPAS(8)\s0 uucico, uusched, uuxqt, kick, debug \- uucp file transport and execution \s-2\&UUCICO(8)\s0 uucleanup \- uucp spool directory clean-up \s-2\&UUCLEANUP(8)\s0 .yy "Functions, Subroutines and Data Structures" .xx "Directory Functions" access \(mi determine accessibility of file \s-2\&ACCESS(2)\s0 chdir, chroot \(mi change working or root directory \s-2\&CHDIR(2)\s0 chmod, fchmod, chown, fchown, utime \(mi change file mode, owner, group, or times \s-2\&CHMOD(2)\s0 dirread \(mi read from directory, hiding format \s-2\&DIRREAD(2)\s0 ftw \- file tree walk \s-2\&FTW(3)\s0 getwd, getcwd \(mi get current directory \s-2\&GETWD(3)\s0 mkdir, rmdir \(mi make or remove a directory \s-2\&MKDIR(2)\s0 opendir, readdir, telldir, seekdir, closedir \(mi directory operations \s-2\&DIRECTORY(3)\s0 .xx "File Inquiry/Create Functions" access \(mi determine accessibility of file \s-2\&ACCESS(2)\s0 chmod, fchmod, chown, fchown, utime \(mi change file mode, owner, group, or times \s-2\&CHMOD(2)\s0 fd, stdin, stdout, stderr, tty \- file descriptor files \s-2\&FD(4)\s0 feof, ferror, clearerr, fileno \(mi stream status inquiries \s-2\&FERROR(3S)\s0 ioctl \(mi miscellaneous control operations \s-2\&IOCTL(2)\s0 link, symlink, readlink \(mi link to a file \s-2\&LINK(2)\s0 mktemp, tmpnam \(mi make a unique file name \s-2\&MKTEMP(3)\s0 stat, lstat, fstat \(mi get file status \s-2\&STAT(2)\s0 umask \(mi set file creation mode mask \s-2\&UMASK(2)\s0 unlink \(mi remove directory entry \s-2\&UNLINK(2)\s0 .xx "File Open/Read/Write Functions" Finit, Frdline, Fgetc, Fread, Fseek, Fundo,Fputc, Fprint, Fwrite, Fflush, Ftie, Fclose, Fexit \s-2\&FIO(3)\s0 .ti .5i \(mi fast buffered input/output dirread \(mi read from directory, hiding format \s-2\&DIRREAD(2)\s0 dup, dup2 \(mi duplicate an open file descriptor \s-2\&DUP(2)\s0 fd, stdin, stdout, stderr, tty \- file descriptor files \s-2\&FD(4)\s0 feof, ferror, clearerr, fileno \(mi stream status inquiries \s-2\&FERROR(3S)\s0 fgets, puts, fputs, gets \(mi string input/out on streams \s-2\&FGETS(3S)\s0 fopen, freopen, fdopen, fclose, fflush \(mi open, close, or flush a stream \s-2\&FOPEN(3S)\s0 fread, fwrite \(mi buffered binary input/output \s-2\&FREAD(3S)\s0 fseek, ftell, rewind \(mi reposition a stream \s-2\&FSEEK(3S)\s0 getc, getchar, fgetc, getw, putc, putchar, fputc, putw \(mi character- or word-at-a-time stream input/output \s-2\&GETC(3S)\s0 ioctl \(mi miscellaneous control operations \s-2\&IOCTL(2)\s0 lseek \(mi seek, move read/write pointer \s-2\&LSEEK(2)\s0 open, creat, close \(mi open a file for reading or writing, create file \s-2\&OPEN(2)\s0 print, fprint, sprint, fmtinstall \(mi print formatted output \s-2\&PRINT(3)\s0 printf, fprintf, sprintf, snprintf \(mi print formatted output \s-2\&PRINTF(3S)\s0 read, write \(mi read or write file \s-2\&READ(2)\s0 scanf, fscanf, sscanf \(mi formatted input \s-2\&SCANF(3S)\s0 select \(mi synchronous input/output multiplexing \s-2\&SELECT(2)\s0 setbuf \(mi assign buffering to a stream \s-2\&SETBUF(3S)\s0 stdio \(mi standard buffered input/output package \s-2\&STDIO(3S)\s0 thinkchar, thinknchars, thinkflush, thinkmap, thinkabort \- ThinkJet routines \s-2\&THINKCLIENT(9.3)\s0 ungetc \(mi push character back into input stream \s-2\&UNGETC(3S)\s0 .xx "Privacy and Security" access \(mi determine accessibility of file \s-2\&ACCESS(2)\s0 chmod, fchmod, chown, fchown, utime \(mi change file mode, owner, group, or times \s-2\&CHMOD(2)\s0 getgrent, getgrgid, getgrnam, setgrent, endgrent \(mi get group file entry \s-2\&GETGRENT(3)\s0 getlogin \(mi get login name \s-2\&GETLOGIN(3)\s0 getpass \(mi read a password \s-2\&GETPASS(3)\s0 getpwent, getpwuid, getpwnam, setpwent, endpwent, pwdecode \(mi get password file entry \s-2\&GETPWENT(3)\s0 getuid, getgid, geteuid, getegid, getlogname, getpid, getppid, setuid, setgid, setruid, setlogname \s-2\&GETUID(2)\s0 .ti .5i \(mi get or set user, group, or process identity .xx "Manipulating Processes \- Time Management" _exit, wait \(mi terminate process, wait for child to terminate \s-2\&EXIT(2)\s0 alarm, nap, pause \(mi schedule timing delays \s-2\&ALARM(2)\s0 ctime, localtime, gmtime, asctime, timezone \(mi convert date and time to ascii \s-2\&CTIME(3)\s0 nice \(mi set program priority \s-2\&NICE(2)\s0 request, own, wait, alarm, sleep, nap, kbdchar, rcvchar, realtime, sendchar, sendnchars, kill, exit \s-2\&REQUEST(9.2)\s0 .ti .5i \- 5620 input/output requests sleep \(mi suspend execution for an interval \s-2\&SLEEP(3)\s0 time, ftime \(mi get date and time \s-2\&TIME(2)\s0 timec, timegm, timelocal \- convert ASCII to time \s-2\&TIMEC(3)\s0 times \(mi get process times \s-2\&TIMES(2)\s0 .xx "Manipulating Processes \- Memory Management" alloc, free, balloc, bfree, gcalloc, gcfree \- allocate memory \s-2\&ALLOC(9.3)\s0 brk, sbrk \(mi change core allocation \s-2\&BRK(2)\s0 end, etext, edata \(mi last locations in program \s-2\&END(3)\s0 galloc, gfree, garbage \(mi storage allocation with garbage collection \s-2\&GALLOC(3)\s0 malloc, free, realloc, calloc, cfree \- memory allocator \s-2\&MALLOC(3)\s0 memccpy, memchr, memcmp, memcpy, memmove, memset \(mi memory operations \s-2\&MEMORY(3)\s0 .xx "Manipulating Processes \- Process Management" P, newproc, muxnewwind, newwindow, tolayer, debug, getproc, getproctab, putname, getname \s-2\&NEWPROC(9.2)\s0 .ti .5i \- jerq process control _exit, wait \(mi terminate process, wait for child to terminate \s-2\&EXIT(2)\s0 abort \- generate a fault \s-2\&ABORT(3)\s0 environ \- user environment \s-2\&ENVIRON(5)\s0 execl, execv, execle, execve, execlp, execvp, exect, environ \(mi execute a file \s-2\&EXEC(2)\s0 exit, onexit \(mi terminate process \s-2\&EXIT(3)\s0 fork \(mi spawn new process \s-2\&FORK(2)\s0 getuid, getgid, geteuid, getegid, getlogname, getpid, getppid, setuid, setgid, setruid, setlogname \s-2\&GETUID(2)\s0 .ti .5i \(mi get or set user, group, or process identity perror, sys_errlist, sys_nerr \(mi system error messages \s-2\&PERROR(3)\s0 proc \- process file system \s-2\&PROC(4)\s0 request, own, wait, alarm, sleep, nap, kbdchar, rcvchar, realtime, sendchar, sendnchars, kill, exit \s-2\&REQUEST(9.2)\s0 .ti .5i \- 5620 input/output requests setjmp, longjmp \(mi non-local goto \s-2\&SETJMP(3)\s0 signal, kill \(mi receive and send signals \s-2\&SIGNAL(2)\s0 system \(mi issue a shell command \s-2\&SYSTEM(3)\s0 .xx "Manipulating Processes \- Tuning and Debugging" assert \(mi assertion checking \s-2\&ASSERT(3X)\s0 monitor \(mi prepare execution profile \s-2\&MONITOR(3)\s0 nlist \(mi get entries from name list \s-2\&NLIST(3)\s0 perror, sys_errlist, sys_nerr \(mi system error messages \s-2\&PERROR(3)\s0 profil \(mi execution time profile \s-2\&PROFIL(2)\s0 .xx "Data Manipulation/Database Management" atof, atoi, atol, strtod, strtol, strtoul \(mi convert ASCII to numbers \s-2\&ATOF(3)\s0 bopen, bclose, bseek, bfirst, bkey, breclen, bread,bdelete, bwrite \(mi compressed B-tree subroutines \s-2\&CBT(3X)\s0 crypt, setkey, encrypt \(mi DES encryption \s-2\&CRYPT(3)\s0 ctime, localtime, gmtime, asctime, timezone \(mi convert date and time to ascii \s-2\&CTIME(3)\s0 dbminit, fetch, store, delete, firstkey, nextkey \(mi database subroutines \s-2\&DBM(3X)\s0 ecvt, fcvt, gcvt \- convert numbers to ascii \s-2\&ECVT(3)\s0 frexp, ldexp, modf \(mi split into mantissa and exponent \s-2\&FREXP(3)\s0 getarg, iargc \(mi command arguments to Fortran \s-2\&GETARG(3F)\s0 getenv \(mi value for environment name \s-2\&GETENV(3)\s0 getfields, getmfields, setfields \(mi break a string into fields \s-2\&GETFIELDS(3)\s0 getflags \(mi process flag arguments in argv \s-2\&GETFLAGS(3)\s0 getopt \(mi get option letter from argv \s-2\&GETOPT(3)\s0 huff \(mi huffman codebook/tree generator \s-2\&HUFF(3)\s0 isalpha, isupper, islower, isdigit, isxdigit, isalnum, isspace, ispunct, isprint, isgraph, \s-2\&CTYPE(3)\s0 .ti .5i iscntrl, isascii \(mi character classification l3tol, ltol3 \(mi convert between 3-byte integers and long integers \s-2\&L3TOL(3)\s0 qsort \(mi quicker sort \s-2\&QSORT(3)\s0 re_bm, re_cw, re_re \(mi string and pattern matching \s-2\&RE(3)\s0 regcomp, regexec, regsub, regerror \(mi regular expression \s-2\®EXP(3)\s0 scanf, fscanf, sscanf \(mi formatted input \s-2\&SCANF(3S)\s0 iscntrl, isascii strcat, strncat, strcmp, strncmp, strcpy, strncpy, strlen,strchr, strrchr, \s-2\&STRING(3)\s0 .ti .5i strpbrk, strspn, strcspn, strtok, strdup \(mi string operations swab \(mi swap bytes \s-2\&SWAB(3)\s0 timec, timegm, timelocal \- convert ASCII to time \s-2\&TIMEC(3)\s0 tolower, toupper \(mi force upper or lower case \s-2\&TOLOWER(3)\s0 types \- primitive system data types \s-2\&TYPES(5)\s0 varargs \(mi variable argument list \s-2\&VARARGS(3)\s0 .xx "C++ Data Types" Bits \- variable length bit strings \s-2\&BITS(3+)\s0 Block \- adjustable arrays \s-2\&BLOCK(3+)\s0 Map \- associative array classes \s-2\&MAP(3+)\s0 Pool \- fast memory allocation \s-2\&POOL(3+)\s0 .xx "Mathematics" abs, sgn, gcd, lcm, min, max, labs \(mi integer arithmetic functions:absolute value, sign, \s-2\&ARITH(3)\s0 .ti .5i greatest common divisor, least common multiple, minimum, maximum add, sub, mul, div, eqpt, eqrect, inset, muldiv, ptinrect, raddp, rsubp, rectXrect, rectclip \s-2\&ADD(9.3)\s0 .ti .5i \- arithmetic on points and rectangles atof, atoi, atol, strtod, strtol, strtoul \(mi convert ASCII to numbers \s-2\&ATOF(3)\s0 besj0, besj1, besjn, besy0, besy1, besyn \(mi bessel functions \s-2\&BESSEL(3M)\s0 cos, sin, atan2, sqrt, norm \- integer math functions \s-2\&COS(9.3)\s0 erf, erfc \(mi error function \s-2\&ERF(3M)\s0 exp, log, log10, pow, sqrt \(mi exponential, logarithm, power, square root \s-2\&EXP(3M)\s0 fabs, fmod, floor, ceil \(mi absolute value, remainder, floor, ceiling functions \s-2\&FLOOR(3M)\s0 frexp, ldexp, modf \(mi split into mantissa and exponent \s-2\&FREXP(3)\s0 gamma \(mi log gamma function \s-2\&GAMMA(3M)\s0 hypot, cabs \(mi euclidean distance \s-2\&HYPOT(3M)\s0 greatest common divisor, least common multiple, minimum, maximumitom, mfree, madd, msub, mult, \s-2\&MP(3X)\s0 .ti .5i mdiv, sdiv, msqrt, mgcd, min, mout,fmin, fmout, move, mcmp,rpow, mpow \(mi multiple precision integer arithmetic orient, normalize \- map projections \s-2\&PROJ(3X)\s0 poly_lk, poly_read \(mi polyhedron database routines \s-2\&POLY(3)\s0 port \(mi mathematical library for Fortran \s-2\&PORT(3X)\s0 rand, lrand, frand, nrand, srand \(mi random number generator \s-2\&RAND(3)\s0 sin, cos, tan, asin, acos, atan, atan2 \(mi trigonometric functions \s-2\&SIN(3M)\s0 sinh, cosh, tanh \(mi hyperbolic functions \s-2\&SINH(3M)\s0 .xx "Graphics" Code, addr, bitblt, point, rectf, screenswap, segment, texture \- graphics functions \s-2\&BITBLT(9.3)\s0 Word, Point, Rectangle, Bitmap, Texture, Pt, Rect, Rpt, display, Drect, Jrect \- graphics data types \s-2\&TYPES(9.5)\s0 chrtab \(mi simple character bitmaps \s-2\&CHRTAB(3)\s0 circle, disc, arc, ellipse, eldisc, elarc \- circle-drawing functions \s-2\&CIRCLE(9.3)\s0 orient, normalize \- map projections \s-2\&PROJ(3X)\s0 poly_lk, poly_read \(mi polyhedron database routines \s-2\&POLY(3)\s0 view2d, moviefil \(mi movie of a function f(x, y, t) \s-2\&VIEW2D(3X)\s0 .xx "Communication \- Terminals" button123, mouse, cursallow, cursinhibit, cursset, cursswitch, getrect123 \- mouse control \s-2\&BUTTON(9.2)\s0 curses \(mi screen functions with `optimal' cursor motion \s-2\&CURSES(3X)\s0 font \- jerq font layouts \s-2\&FONT(9.5)\s0 jioctl \- mux ioctl requests \s-2\&JIOCTL(9.4)\s0 menuhit, hmenuhit \- present user with menu and get selection \s-2\&MENUHIT(9.3)\s0 newlayer, dellayer, downback, lbitblt, lpoint, lrectf, lsegment, ltexture, upfront \s-2\&NEWLAYER(9.2)\s0 .ti .5i \- layer control and graphics pads \- user interface package \s-2\&PADS(9.5)\s0 request, own, wait, alarm, sleep, nap, kbdchar, rcvchar, realtime, sendchar, sendnchars, kill, exit \s-2\&REQUEST(9.2)\s0 .ti .5i \- 5620 input/output requests string, defont, strwidth, infont, outfont, getfont \- text and font operations \s-2\&STRING(9.3)\s0 strinsure, strinsert, strdelete, strzero, setmuxbuf, getmuxbuf, movstring \- dynamic strings in mux \s-2\&MUXSTRING(9.3)\s0 termcap \- terminal capability file \s-2\&TERMCAP(5)\s0 tgetent, tgetnum, tgetflag, tgetstr, tgoto, tputs \(mi device-independent terminal screen control \s-2\&TERMCAP(3X)\s0 tty \- serial line interface drivers \s-2\&TTY(4)\s0 tty_ld \- terminal processing line discipline \s-2\&TTYLD(4)\s0 ttyname, isatty, nametty \(mi find or set name of a terminal \s-2\&TTYNAME(3)\s0 vec, move, etc. \(mi plot graphics interface \s-2\&PLOT(3)\s0 .xx "Communication \- Between Processes" conn_ld \- line discipline for unique stream connection \s-2\&CONNLD(4)\s0 ipccreat, ipcopen, ipclisten, ipcaccept, ipcreject, ipcexec, ipcpath , ipclogin, ipcrogin \s-2\&IPC(3X)\s0 .ti .5i \(mi set up connections between processes or machines pipe \(mi create an interprocess channel \s-2\&PIPE(2)\s0 popen, ppopen, vepopen, pclose \(mi open a pipe to/from a process \s-2\&POPEN(3S)\s0 read, write \(mi read or write file \s-2\&READ(2)\s0 select \(mi synchronous input/output multiplexing \s-2\&SELECT(2)\s0 stream \- i/o control for streams \s-2\&STREAM(4)\s0 .xx "Communication \- Outside World" buf_ld \- buffering line discipline \s-2\&BUFLD(4)\s0 dialout \(mi place call on ACU \s-2\&DIALOUT(3)\s0 in_host, in_ntoa, in_address, in_service \- internet networking functions \s-2\&INTERNET(3X)\s0 mesg_ld, rmesg_ld \- message line discipline modules \s-2\&MESGLD(4)\s0 tcp_sock, tcp_connect, tcp_listen, tcp_accept, tcp_rcmd \(mi tcp networking functions \s-2\&TCP(3X)\s0 udp_connect, udp_listen, udp_datagram \(mi udp networking functions \s-2\&UDP(3X)\s0 .xx "System administration/Only for the Knowledgeable" acct \(mi turn accounting on or off \s-2\&ACCT(2)\s0 conn_ld \- line discipline for unique stream connection \s-2\&CONNLD(4)\s0 filsys, flblk, ino \- format of file system volume \s-2\&FILSYS(5)\s0 fmount, funmount \- mount or remove file system \s-2\&FMOUNT(2)\s0 fstab, mtab \- information about file systems \s-2\&FSTAB(5)\s0 getfsent, getfsspec, getfsfile, setfsent, endfsent \(mi get file system description file entry \s-2\&GETFSENT(3)\s0 getgrent, getgrgid, getgrnam, setgrent, endgrent \(mi get group file entry \s-2\&GETGRENT(3)\s0 getlogin \(mi get login name \s-2\&GETLOGIN(3)\s0 getpass \(mi read a password \s-2\&GETPASS(3)\s0 getpwent, getpwuid, getpwnam, setpwent, endpwent, pwdecode \(mi get password file entry \s-2\&GETPWENT(3)\s0 mknod \(mi make a directory or a special file \s-2\&MKNOD(2)\s0 mt \- magtape interface \s-2\&MT(4)\s0 stime, biasclock \(mi set time \s-2\&STIME(2)\s0 sync \- force writing of system buffers \s-2\&SYNC(2)\s0 types \- primitive system data types \s-2\&TYPES(5)\s0 uname \- identify machine and kernel \s-2\&UNAME(3)\s0 .xx "Miscellany" setpgrp, reboot, vadvise, vlimit, vswapon, getgroups,setgroups \(mi system calls to be avoided \s-2\&DEPRECATED(2)\s0 syscall \(mi indirect system call \s-2\&SYSCALL(2)\s0