.yy "Commands and Data Files" .xx "Shell and Shell Scripts" =, ==, =p, ==p \- redo previous shell command =(1) apply, pick \- repeatedly apply a command; select arguments apply(1) basename, dirname \- strip filename affixes basename(1) echo, printf \- print arguments echo(1) expr \- evaluate arguments as an expression expr(1) printenv \- print environment printenv(1) rc, cd, wait, whatis \- command language rc(1) sh, cd, wait, whatis \- shell, the standard command programming language sh(1) tee \- pipe fitting tee(1) test, [, newer \- condition commands test(1) tr \- translate characters tr(1) true, false \- provide truth values true(1) .xx "Manipulating Directories" chmod \- change mode chmod(1) dir \- format of directories dir(5) dired \- directory editor dired(1) find \- find files find(1) idiff \(mi interactive file comparison idiff(1) ls, lc \(mi list contents of directory ls(1) mkdir \(mi make a directory mkdir(1) pwd, where \(mi machine name and working directory pwd(1) rc, cd, wait, whatis \- command language rc(1) rm \- remove (unlink) files rm(1) sh, cd, wait, whatis \- shell, the standard command programming language sh(1) touch, chdate \- set modification or access date of a file chdate(1) worm \- format of worm disks worm(5) .xx "Manipulating Files" awk \- pattern-directed scanning and processing language awk(1) cat \- catenate and print cat(1) cbt \- btree utilities cbt(1) chmod \- change mode chmod(1) cmp \- compare two files cmp(1) col, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, mc, fold, expand \- column alignment column(1) comm \- select or reject lines common to two sorted files comm(1) cp, mv, ln, reccp \- copy, move, or link files cp(1) crypt, encrypt, decrypt \- encode/decode crypt(1) cut, paste \- rearrange columns of data cut(1) dd, dblbuf \- convert and copy a file dd(1) diff, diff3 \- differential file comparison diff(1) file \(mi determine file type file(1) find \- find files find(1) gre, grep, egrep, fgrep \(mi search a file for a pattern gre(1) idiff \(mi interactive file comparison idiff(1) join \(mi relational database operator join(1) look \(mi find lines in a sorted list look(1) ls, lc \(mi list contents of directory ls(1) pack, unpack, pcat, compress, uncompress, zcat \(mi compress and expand files pack(1) pr \(mi print file pr(1) random, fortune \- sample lines from a file, return cookies random(1) rc, cd, wait, whatis \- command language rc(1) rev, revpag \- reverse lines or pages rev(1) rm \- remove (unlink) files rm(1) sed \- stream editor sed(1) sh, cd, wait, whatis \- shell, the standard command programming language sh(1) sort \- sort and/or merge files sort(1) split, fsplit \- split a file into pieces split(1) strings \- find printable strings in a file strings(1) sum, treesum \- sum and count blocks in a file sum(1) tail, readslow \- deliver the last part of a file tail(1) touch, chdate \- set modification or access date of a file chdate(1) tsort \- topological sort tsort(1) uniq \- report repeated lines in a file uniq(1) vis \- show invisible characters vis(1) wc \- word count wc(1) xd, od \(mi hex, octal, decimal, or ASCII dump xd(1) .xx "Privacy and Security" chmod \- change mode chmod(1) chown \- change owner or group chown(8) crypt, encrypt, decrypt \- encode/decode crypt(1) getty \- set terminal mode getty(8) getuid, id \(mi get user identity getuid(1) init \- process control initialization init(8) newgrp \(mi change to a new group newgrp(1) passwd \(mi change login password passwd(1) passwd, group \- password and group files passwd(5) su, setlog \- substitute userid temporarily, become super-user su(8) .xx "Editors" ed, e \- text editor ed(1) ex, edit, vi \- text editor vi(1) graphdraw graphpic \- edit (combinatoric) graphs, convert to pic files graphdraw(9) icon \- icon editor icon(9) jf \- font editor jf(9) ped, tped \- picture editor ped(9) pico \(mi graphics editor pico(1) rebecca \- graphics touch-up editor rebecca(9) sam \- screen editor with structural regular expressions sam(9) sed \- stream editor sed(1) .xx "Programming \- In C" 11as, 11cc, 11ld, 11nm, 11ranlib, 11reloc, 11size, 11strip \- pdp11 support 11(8) 3cc, 3as, 3ar, 3ld, 3nm, 3size, 3strip, cprs \- MAC-32 C compiler 3cc(9) CC, cfront \- C++ compiler c++(1) cb \- C program beautifier cb(1) cc, lcc \- C compilers cc(1) cin \- C interpreter cin(1) cpp \- C language preprocessor cpp(8) lint, cyntax, cem \- C program verifiers lint(1) m4 \(mi macro processor m4(1) make \(mi maintain collections of programs make(1) mk, mkconv, membername \- maintain (make) related files mk(1) .xx "Programming \- In Other Languages" .ne 2 altran, cospan, esterel, icon, lisp, macsyma, maple, ops5, pascal, ratfor, S, smp, sno, spitbol, langs(1) .ti .5i struct, twig \- languages as \- assembler as(1) awk \- pattern-directed scanning and processing language awk(1) f2c \(mi convert Fortran 77 to C f2c(1) f77 \(mi Fortran 77 compiler f77(1) lex \(mi generator of lexical analysis programs lex(1) make \(mi maintain collections of programs make(1) mk, mkconv, membername \- maintain (make) related files mk(1) sml \(mi Standard ML compiler sml(1) snocone \- snobol with syntactic sugar snocone(1) yacc, eyacc \- yet another compiler-compiler yacc(1) .xx "Programming \- Libraries and Object Files" 32ld \- bootstrap loader for 5620 32ld(9) a.out \- object file format a.out(5) ar \- archive (library) file format ar(5) ar, ranlib \- archive and library maintainer ar(1) ld \(mi link editor or loader ld(1) libc \- standard library functions libc(9) lorder \(mi find ordering relation for an object library lorder(1) nm \(mi name list (symbol table) nm(1) size \- size of an object file size(1) stab \- symbol table types stab(5) strip \- remove symbols and relocation bits strip(1) .xx "Programming \- Debugging and Tuning" adb \- debugger adb(1) bigcore, coreid \- permit big core images, identify source of image bigcore(1) core \- format of memory image file core(5) hang \(mi start a process in stopped state hang(1) lcomp, lprint \(mi line-by-line profiler lcomp(1) pi, 3pi \- process inspector pi(9) prof \(mi display profile data prof(1) time \- time a command time(1) .xx "Writing Papers \- Troff and Troff Preprocessors" cip \- draw pictures for typesetting cip(9) dag \- preprocessor for drawing directed graphs dag(1) doctype \- guess command line for formatting a document doctype(1) eqn, neqn, checkeq \- typeset mathematics eqn(1) eqnchar \- special character definitions for eqn eqnchar(6) font \- typesetter fonts font(6) grap \(mi pic preprocessor for drawing graphs grap(1) ideal \(mi troff preprocessor for drawing pictures ideal(1) make \(mi maintain collections of programs make(1) mbits \- macros to typeset bitmaps mbits(6) mcs \- macros for formatting cover sheets mcs(6) mk, mkconv, membername \- maintain (make) related files mk(1) movie, stills \- algorithm animation movie(9) mpictures \- picture inclusion macros mpictures(6) mpm \- macros for page makeup mpm(6) ms \- macros for formatting manuscripts ms(6) ped, tped \- picture editor ped(9) pic, tpic \(mi troff and tex preprocessors for drawing pictures pic(1) prefer, pinvert, penter, plook, pconvert \- maintain and use bibliographic references prefer(1) refer, lookbib, pubindex \- maintain and use bibliographic references refer(1) tbl \- format tables for nroff or troff tbl(1) troff, nroff \- text formatting and typesetting troff(1) .xx "Writing Papers \- Other Formatters" fmt \(mi ultra-simple text formatter fmt(1) latex, bibtex \- tex macro package and bibliographies latex(6) monk, monksample \- typeset documents and letters monk(1) tex, initex, virtex, dvips, dvit \- text formatting and typesetting tex(1) .xx "Writing Papers \- Writing Aids" deroff, demonk, detex, delatex \- remove formatting requests deroff(1) docgen \- generate a document from a script docgen(1) ptx \- permuted index ptx(1) spell \- find spelling errors spell(1) wc \- word count wc(1) wwb, style, diction, punct \- writer's workbench wwb(1) .xx "Writing Papers \- Output" apsend \- send troff output to phototypesetter apsend(1) cb \- C program beautifier cb(1) col, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, mc, fold, expand \- column alignment column(1) docsubmit \- send document to library docsubmit(1) font \- description files for troff font(5) font \- typesetter fonts font(6) lp \- printer output lp(1) proof \- troff output interpreter for 5620 proof(9) psi \- postscript interpreter psi(9) reader \- electronic retrieval of typeset documents reader(9) rev, revpag \- reverse lines or pages rev(1) sendcover \- send cover sheet to the library sendcover(8) .xx "Numerical Mathematics" bc \- arbitrary-precision arithmetic language bc(1) dc \- desk calculator dc(1) factor, qfactor, primes \(mi factor a number, generate large primes factor(1) grap \(mi pic preprocessor for drawing graphs grap(1) graph \- draw a graph graph(1) hoc \(mi interactive floating point language hoc(1) matlab \(mi interactive matrix desk calculator matlab(1) seq \- print sequences of numbers seq(1) .xx "Graphics" 2500 \- BVH2500 videotape recorder 2500(1) bcp \(mi reformat black-and-white picture files bcp(1) cip \- draw pictures for typesetting cip(9) dag \- preprocessor for drawing directed graphs dag(1) face, mugs \- show faces, make face icons from pictures face(9) grap \(mi pic preprocessor for drawing graphs grap(1) graph \- draw a graph graph(1) graphdraw graphpic \- edit (combinatoric) graphs, convert to pic files graphdraw(9) icon \- icon editor icon(9) ideal \(mi troff preprocessor for drawing pictures ideal(1) imscan \(mi scan greyscale images imscan(1) jf \- font editor jf(9) map \- digitized map formats map(5) movie, stills \- algorithm animation movie(9) ocr \- optical character recognition ocr(1) ped, tped \- picture editor ped(9) pic, tpic \(mi troff and tex preprocessors for drawing pictures pic(1) picfile \- raster graphic image format picfile(5) pico \(mi graphics editor pico(1) plot \(mi graphics filters plot(1) plot \- graphics interface plot(5) qsnap \(mi high resolution digital film printer qsnap(1) rebecca \- graphics touch-up editor rebecca(9) view2d \- movie of a function f(x, y, t) view2d(5) view2d, regrid, vdata \- movie of a function f(x, y, t) view2d(1) .xx "Communication - Terminals" flicks, fflicks, preflicks, 2mux \- movie graphics for 5620 flicks(9) getfont \- replace terminal's default font getfont(9) jx \- 5620 execution and stdio interpreter jx(9) lens \- bitmap magnifier lens(9) mouse \- jerq mouse user interface mouse(9) movies \- graphics movie file formats flickfile(9) mux, ismux, invert \- layer multiplexer for 5620 mux(9) p, pg, more \(mi paginate p(1) passwd \(mi change login password passwd(1) ruler \- measure things on the screen ruler(9) stty \- set terminal options stty(1) tabs \- set terminal tabs tabs(1) term \- nonstandard mux terminals term(9) terminals \- conventional names term(6) tty, logtty \- get terminal name tty(1) ttys \- terminal initialization data ttys(5) ul \- print underlines on screen terminals ul(1) windows, jps, reshape \- create and initialize windows windows(9) write, mesg \- write to other users, allow or forbid messages write(1) .xx "Communication \- Other Devices" 2500 \- BVH2500 videotape recorder 2500(1) apsend \- send troff output to phototypesetter apsend(1) dd, dblbuf \- convert and copy a file dd(1) lp \- printer output lp(1) null \- data sink null(4) plot \(mi graphics filters plot(1) tape, mt \- identify and manipulate magnetic tape tape(1) tar \- tape archiver tar(1) thinkblt, think \- print on thinkjet thinkblt(9) .xx "Communication \- Other Users" bundle \- collect files for distribution bundle(1) checknews, readnews \- read netnews articles readnews(7) cpio \- copy file archives in and out cpio(1) cpio \- format of cpio archive cpio(5) mail \(mi send or receive mail mail(1) mail \- mail addresses mail(6) news \(mi print news items news(7) postnews \(mi submit netnews articles postnews(7) vismon, sysmon, vwhois \- system statistics and mail notification vismon(9) who, whois, last \- who is or was on the system who(1) write, mesg \- write to other users, allow or forbid messages write(1) .xx "Communication \- Other Machines" con, rx \- remote login and execution con(1) cu, ct \- call out to a terminal or another system cu(1) dcon, ndcon, rlogin, nrx, rsh, scriptcon \- remote login and execution dcon(1) dkname \(mi map system name to Datakit address dkname(7) mkpkg, inspkg, seal, unseal \- package files for automatic software distribution mkpkg(8) push, pull, npush, npull \- datakit remote file copy push(1) rcp \- remote file copy rcp(1) ship, shipstat \(mi automatic software distribution ship(8) smstat \- list smtp queues smstat(8) spin \(mi protocol analysis software spin(1) uucp, uulog, uuname \- unix-to-unix remote file copy uucp(1) uustat \- uucp status inquiry and job control uustat(1) uux \- unix to unix command execution uux(1) .xx "Process Management" getuid, id \(mi get user identity getuid(1) hang \(mi start a process in stopped state hang(1) kill \(mi terminate a process with extreme prejudice kill(1) newgrp \(mi change to a new group newgrp(1) nice, nohup \(mi run commands at low priority or immune to hangup nice(1) ps \(mi process status ps(1) rc, cd, wait, whatis \- command language rc(1) sh, cd, wait, whatis \- shell, the standard command programming language sh(1) sleep \- suspend execution for an interval sleep(1) time \- time a command time(1) .xx "Time Management" at \(mi execute commands at a later time at(1) cal \- print calendar cal(7) calendar \- reminder service calendar(1) date \- print or set the date date(1) time \- time a command time(1) wwv \- print or set the date from accurate clock wwv(1) .xx "Instruction and Information" apnews, ap.keys \- present AP wire stories apnews(7) ascii \- interpret ASCII characters ascii(1) ascii \- map of ASCII character set ascii(6) cal \- print calendar cal(7) date \- print or set the date date(1) dict \- look up words in English dictionaries dict(7) dkname \(mi map system name to Datakit address dkname(7) face, mugs \- show faces, make face icons from pictures face(9) findauthor, papers, makepaper \- consult database of locally authored papers papers(7) games, demo \- some playthings games(1) library, bellcat \- bell labs library services library(7) man \(mi macros to typeset manual man(6) man \(mi print pages of this manual man(1) map \- digitized map formats map(5) map \- draw maps on various projections map(7) netnews \- usenet news articles, utility files netnews(5) picfile \- raster graphic image format picfile(5) poly \- polyhedron database poly(5) polypic, polypr \- database of polyhedra poly(7) reader \- electronic retrieval of typeset documents reader(9) scat \- sky catalogue scat(7) sky \- astronomical ephemeris sky(7) tel, telno, dq \- phone books tel(7) town \- gazetteer of US places town(7) units \- conversion program units(7) weather \- conditions and forecast by town weather(7) whoami \- computer name whoami(5) .xx "Miscellany" crypt, encrypt, decrypt \- encode/decode crypt(1) cscan \- scan documents on canon scanner cscan(1) games, demo \- some playthings games(1) lab \(mi label maker lab(1) .xx "System Administration \- Not just for su" backup \- backup and recover files backup(1) backup \- incremental backup files backup(5) du, df \- disk usage du(1) kill \(mi terminate a process with extreme prejudice kill(1) load \(mi load statistics load(1) passwd \(mi change login password passwd(1) ps \(mi process status ps(1) pstat \- print system facts pstat(8) quot, findo \- file system usage and hogs quot(8) upas, rmail, translate \- mail delivery system upas(8) utmp, wtmp \- login records utmp(5) vismon, sysmon, vwhois \- system statistics and mail notification vismon(9) vmstat \- report virtual memory statistics vmstat(8) who, whois, last \- who is or was on the system who(1) wwv \- print or set the date from accurate clock wwv(1) .xx "System Administration \- su Only" ac \- login accounting ac(8) acct \- execution accounting file acct(5) arff \- read RT11 files arff(8) backup \- backup client administration backup(8) chown \- change owner or group chown(8) chuck \- a file system checking program chuck(8) clri \- clear inode clri(8) console \- VAX console interface console(4) date \- print or set the date date(1) dmesg \- system diagnostic messages dmesg(8) fsck \- file system consistency check and interactive repair fsck(8) icheck, dcheck, ncheck \- file system consistency check icheck(8) kmc, kdiload, kmcdump \- control KMC11 input/output processors kmc(8) makekey \- generate encryption key makekey(8) mkfs, mkbitfs, mklost+found \- construct a disk file system mkfs(8) mknod \- construct special file mknod(8) mount, umount \- mount and dismount file system mount(8) netfs \- network file system netfs(8) netstat, dkstat \- show network status for internet and datakit networks netstat(8) passwd, group \- password and group files passwd(5) rarepl, rarct \- replace bad blocks on MSCP disks rarepl(8) renice \- change priority of running process renice(8) sa, accton \- system accounting sa(8) scsish \- SCSI shell scsish(8) ship, shipstat \(mi automatic software distribution ship(8) showq \- status of stream input/output system showq(8) smash \- rewrite bad disk sectors smash(8) su, setlog \- substitute userid temporarily, become super-user su(8) sync, update \- update disk file systems sync(8) wall \- write to all users wall(8) worm, jukebox \- optical disk utilities worm(8) .xx "System Administration - Usually or Always Run Automatically" asd \- automatic software distribution asd(8) cron \- clock daemon cron(8) dkhup, dkmgr, dkzap \- manage Datakit interface dkmgr(8) dpost, postdaisy, postdmd, postprint \- filters to produce postscript postscript(8) faced \- network face server faced(9) getty \- set terminal mode getty(8) init \- process control initialization init(8) ipconfig, dkipconfig, udpconfig \- set up DARPA Internet protocols ipconfig(8) ldpcs \- load comet microcode ldpcs(8) login \- sign on login(8) ns \- name server database ns(8) postio \- serial interface for postscript printers postio(8) qns \- query name server qns(7) rc \- boot script rc(8) reboot \- bootstrapping procedures reboot(8) route, routed \- IP gateway routing route(8) savecore \- save a core image of the operating system savecore(8) smtp, smtpqer, smtpd, smtpsched \- handle simple mail transfer protocol smtp(8) svcmgr \- service remote computing requests svcmgr(8) swapon \- specify swapping device swapon(8) tcpmgr \- accept and place calls via the TCP protocol tcpmgr(8) upas, rmail, translate \- mail delivery system upas(8) uucico, uusched, uuxqt, kick, debug \- uucp file transport and execution uucico(8) uucleanup \- uucp spool directory clean-up uucleanup(8) .yy "Functions, Subroutines and Data Structures" .xx "Directory Functions" access \(mi determine accessibility of file access(2) chdir, chroot \(mi change working or root directory chdir(2) chmod, fchmod, chown, fchown, utime \(mi change file mode, owner, group, or times chmod(2) dirread \(mi read from directory, hiding format dirread(2) ftw \- file tree walk ftw(3) getwd, getcwd \(mi get current directory getwd(3) mkdir, rmdir \(mi make or remove a directory mkdir(2) opendir, readdir, telldir, seekdir, closedir \(mi directory operations directory(3) .xx "File Inquiry/Create Functions" access \(mi determine accessibility of file access(2) chmod, fchmod, chown, fchown, utime \(mi change file mode, owner, group, or times chmod(2) feof, ferror, clearerr, fileno \(mi stream status inquiries ferror(3) ioctl \(mi miscellaneous control operations ioctl(2) link, symlink, readlink \(mi link to a file link(2) mktemp, tmpnam \(mi make a unique file name mktemp(3) stat, lstat, fstat \(mi get file status stat(2) umask \(mi set file creation mode mask umask(2) unlink \(mi remove directory entry unlink(2) .xx "File Open/Read/Write Functions" .ne 2 Finit, Frdline, Fgetc, Fread, Fseek, Fundo,Fputc, Fprint, Fwrite, Fflush, Ftie, Fclose, Fexit fio(3) .ti .5i \(mi fast buffered input/output dirread \(mi read from directory, hiding format dirread(2) dup, dup2 \(mi duplicate an open file descriptor dup(2) fd, stdin, stdout, stderr, tty \- file descriptor files fd(4) feof, ferror, clearerr, fileno \(mi stream status inquiries ferror(3) fgets, puts, fputs, gets \(mi string input/out on streams fgets(3) fopen, freopen, fdopen, fclose, fflush \(mi open, close, or flush a stream fopen(3) fread, fwrite \(mi buffered binary input/output fread(3) fseek, ftell, rewind \(mi reposition a stream fseek(3) .ne 2 getc, getchar, fgetc, getw, putc, putchar, fputc, putw getc(3) .ti .5i \(mi character- or word-at-a-time stream input/output ioctl \(mi miscellaneous control operations ioctl(2) lseek \(mi seek, move read/write pointer lseek(2) open, creat, close \(mi open a file for reading or writing, create file open(2) print, fprint, sprint, fmtinstall \(mi print formatted output print(3) printf, fprintf, sprintf, snprintf \(mi print formatted output printf(3) read, write \(mi read or write file read(2) scanf, fscanf, sscanf \(mi formatted input scanf(3) select \(mi synchronous input/output multiplexing select(2) setbuf \(mi assign buffering to a stream setbuf(3) stdio \(mi standard buffered input/output package stdio(3) thinkchar, thinknchars, thinkflush, thinkmap, thinkabort \- ThinkJet routines thinkclient(9) ungetc \(mi push character back into input stream ungetc(3) .xx "Privacy and Security" access \(mi determine accessibility of file access(2) chmod, fchmod, chown, fchown, utime \(mi change file mode, owner, group, or times chmod(2) getgrent, getgrgid, getgrnam, setgrent, endgrent \(mi get group file entry getgrent(3) getlogin \(mi get login name getlogin(3) getpass \(mi read a password getpass(3) getpwent, getpwuid, getpwnam, setpwent, endpwent, pwdecode \(mi get password file entry getpwent(3) .ne 2 getuid, getgid, geteuid, getegid, getlogname, getpid, getppid, getpgrp, setuid, setgid, setruid, getuid(2) .ti .5i setlogname, setpgrp \(mi get or set user, group, or process identity .xx "Manipulating Processes \- Time Management" _exit, wait wait3 \(mi terminate process, wait for child to terminate exit(2) alarm, nap, pause \(mi schedule timing delays alarm(2) ctime, localtime, gmtime, asctime, timezone \(mi convert date and time to ASCII ctime(3) nice \(mi set program priority nice(2) .ne 2 request, own, wait, alarm, sleep, nap, kbdchar, rcvchar, realtime, sendchar, sendnchars, kill, exit request(9) .ti .5i \- 5620 input/output requests sleep \(mi suspend execution for an interval sleep(3) time, ftime \(mi get date and time time(2) timec, timegm, timelocal \- convert ASCII to time timec(3) times \(mi get process times times(2) vtimes \- get usage of time, space, and paging resources vtimes(2) .xx "Manipulating Processes \- Memory Management" alloc, free, balloc, bfree, gcalloc, gcfree \- allocate memory alloc(9) brk, sbrk \(mi change core allocation brk(2) end, etext, edata \(mi last locations in program end(3) galloc, gfree, garbage \(mi storage allocation with garbage collection galloc(3) malloc, free, realloc, calloc, cfree \- memory allocator malloc(3) memccpy, memchr, memcmp, memcpy, memmove, memset \(mi memory operations memory(3) .xx "Manipulating Processes \- Process Management" .ne 2 P, newproc, muxnewwind, newwindow, tolayer, debug, getproc, getproctab, putname, getname newproc(9) .ti .5i \- jerq process control _exit, wait wait3 \(mi terminate process, wait for child to terminate exit(2) abort \- generate a fault abort(3) environ \- user environment environ(5) execl, execv, execle, execve, execlp, execvp, exect \(mi execute a file exec(2) exit, onexit \(mi terminate process exit(3) fork \(mi spawn new process fork(2) .ne 2 getuid, getgid, geteuid, getegid, getlogname, getpid, getppid, getpgrp, setuid, setgid, setruid, getuid(2) .ti .5i setlogname, setpgrp \(mi get or set user, group, or process identity perror, sys_errlist, sys_nerr \(mi system error messages perror(3) proc \- process file system proc(4) .ne 2 request, own, wait, alarm, sleep, nap, kbdchar, rcvchar, realtime, sendchar, sendnchars, kill, exit request(9) .ti .5i \- 5620 input/output requests setjmp, longjmp \(mi non-local goto setjmp(3) signal, kill \(mi receive and send signals signal(2) system \(mi issue a shell command system(3) .xx "Manipulating Processes \- Tuning and Debugging" assert \(mi assertion checking assert(3) monitor \(mi prepare execution profile monitor(3) nlist \(mi get entries from name list nlist(3) perror, sys_errlist, sys_nerr \(mi system error messages perror(3) profil \(mi execution time profile profil(2) .xx "Data Manipulation/Database Management" atof, atoi, atol, strtod, strtol, strtoul \(mi convert ASCII to numbers atof(3) bopen, bclose, bseek, bfirst, bkey, breclen, bread,bdelete, bwrite \(mi compressed B-tree subroutines cbt(3) crypt, setkey, encrypt \(mi DES encryption crypt(3) ctime, localtime, gmtime, asctime, timezone \(mi convert date and time to ASCII ctime(3) dbminit, fetch, store, delete, firstkey, nextkey \(mi database subroutines dbm(3) ecvt, fcvt, gcvt \- convert numbers to ascii ecvt(3) frexp, ldexp, modf \(mi split into mantissa and exponent frexp(3) getarg, iargc \(mi command arguments to Fortran getarg(3) getenv \(mi value for environment name getenv(3) getfields, getmfields, setfields \(mi break a string into fields getfields(3) getflags \(mi process flag arguments in argv getflags(3) getopt \(mi get option letter from argv getopt(3) huff \(mi huffman codebook/tree generator huff(3) .ne 2 isalpha, isupper, islower, isdigit, isxdigit, isalnum, isspace, ispunct, isprint, isgraph, ctype(3) .ti .5i iscntrl, isascii \(mi character classification l3tol, ltol3 \(mi convert between 3-byte integers and long integers l3tol(3) qsort \(mi quicker sort qsort(3) re_bm, re_cw, re_re \(mi string and pattern matching re(3) regcomp, regexec, regsub, regerror \(mi regular expression regexp(3) scanf, fscanf, sscanf \(mi formatted input scanf(3) .ne 2 strcat, strncat, strcmp, strncmp, strcpy, strncpy, strlen,strchr, strrchr, strpbrk, strspn, string(3) .ti .5i strcspn, strtok, strdup \(mi string operations swab \(mi swap bytes swab(3) timec, timegm, timelocal \- convert ASCII to time timec(3) tolower, toupper \(mi force upper or lower case tolower(3) types \- primitive system data types types(5) varargs \(mi variable argument list varargs(3) .xx "C++ Data Types" Map \- associative array classes map(3) bits \- variable length bit strings bits(3) block \- adjustable arrays block(3) pool \- fast memory allocation pool(3) .xx "Mathematics" .ne 2 abs, sgn, gcd, lcm, min, max, labs \(mi integer arithmetic functions:absolute value, sign, arith(3) .ti .5i greatest common divisor, least common multiple, minimum, maximum .ne 2 add, sub, mul, div, eqpt, eqrect, inset, muldiv, ptinrect, raddp, rsubp, rectXrect, rectclip add(9) .ti .5i \- arithmetic on points and rectangles atof, atoi, atol, strtod, strtol, strtoul \(mi convert ASCII to numbers atof(3) besj0, besj1, besjn, besy0, besy1, besyn \(mi bessel functions bessel(3) cos, sin, atan2, sqrt, norm \- integer math functions cos(9) erf, erfc \(mi error function erf(3) exp, log, log10, pow, sqrt \(mi exponential, logarithm, power, square root exp(3) fabs, fmod, floor, ceil \(mi absolute value, remainder, floor, ceiling functions floor(3) frexp, ldexp, modf \(mi split into mantissa and exponent frexp(3) gamma \(mi log gamma function gamma(3) hypot, cabs \(mi euclidean distance hypot(3) .ne 2 itom, mfree, madd, msub, mult, mdiv, sdiv, msqrt, mgcd, min, mout,fmin, fmout, move, mcmp, mp(3) .ti .5i rpow, mpow \(mi multiple precision integer arithmetic orient, normalize \- map projections proj(3) poly_lk, poly_read \(mi polyhedron database routines poly(3) port \(mi mathematical library for Fortran port(3) rand, lrand, frand, nrand, srand \(mi random number generator rand(3) sin, cos, tan, asin, acos, atan, atan2 \(mi trigonometric functions sin(3) sinh, cosh, tanh \(mi hyperbolic functions sinh(3) .xx "Graphics" Code, addr, bitblt, point, rectf, screenswap, segment, texture \- graphics functions bitblt(9) Word, Point, Rectangle, Bitmap, Texture, Pt, Rect, Rpt, display, Drect, Jrect \- graphics data types types(9) chrtab \(mi simple character bitmaps chrtab(3) circle, disc, arc, ellipse, eldisc, elarc \- circle-drawing functions circle(9) orient, normalize \- map projections proj(3) poly_lk, poly_read \(mi polyhedron database routines poly(3) view2d, moviefil \(mi movie of a function f(x, y, t) view2d(3) .xx "Communication \- Terminals" button123, mouse, cursallow, cursinhibit, cursset, cursswitch, getrect123 \- mouse control button(9) curses \(mi screen functions with `optimal' cursor motion curses(3) font \- jerq font layouts font(9) jioctl \- mux ioctl requests jioctl(9) menuhit, hmenuhit \- present user with menu and get selection menuhit(9) .ne 2 newlayer, dellayer, downback, lbitblt, lpoint, lrectf, lsegment, ltexture, upfront newlayer(9) .ti .5i \- layer control and graphics pads \- user interface package pads(9) .ne 2 request, own, wait, alarm, sleep, nap, kbdchar, rcvchar, realtime, sendchar, sendnchars, kill, exit request(9) .ti .5i \- 5620 input/output requests string, defont, strwidth, infont, outfont, getfont \- text and font operations string(9) strinsure, strinsert, strdelete, strzero, setmuxbuf, getmuxbuf, movstring \- dynamic strings in mux muxstring(9) termcap \- terminal capability file termcap(5) tgetent, tgetnum, tgetflag, tgetstr, tgoto, tputs \(mi device-independent terminal screen control termcap(3) tty \- serial line interface drivers tty(4) tty_ld \- terminal processing line discipline ttyld(4) ttyname, isatty, nametty \(mi find or set name of a terminal ttyname(3) vec, move, etc. \(mi plot graphics interface plot(3) .xx "Communication \- Between Processes" conn_ld \- line discipline for unique stream connection connld(4) fmount, funmount \- mount or remove file system fmount(2) .ne 2 ipccreat, ipcopen, ipclisten, ipcaccept, ipcreject, ipcexec, ipcpath , ipclogin, ipcrogin ipc(3) .ti .5i \(mi set up connections between processes or machines pipe \(mi create an interprocess channel pipe(2) popen, ppopen, vepopen, pclose \(mi open a pipe to/from a process popen(3) read, write \(mi read or write file read(2) select \(mi synchronous input/output multiplexing select(2) stream \- communication channels stream(4) .xx "Communication \- Outside World" buf_ld \- buffering line discipline bufld(4) dialout \(mi place call on ACU dialout(3) dk, dkp_ld, unixp_ld, cmc_ld \- Datakit interface and protocols dk(4) ethernet \(mi Ethernet interface ethernet(4) in_host, in_ntoa, in_address, in_service \- internet networking functions internet(3) ip, ip_ld \- DARPA internet protocol ip(4) mesg_ld, rmesg_ld \- message line discipline modules mesgld(4) mt \- magtape interface mt(4) tcp_sock, tcp_connect, tcp_listen, tcp_accept, tcp_rcmd \(mi tcp networking functions tcp(3) udp_connect, udp_listen, udp_datagram \(mi udp networking functions udp(3) .xx "System administration/Only for the Knowledgeable" acct \(mi turn accounting on or off acct(2) conn_ld \- line discipline for unique stream connection connld(4) drum \- paging device drum(4) filsys, flblk, ino \- format of a disk file system filsys(5) fmount, funmount \- mount or remove file system fmount(2) fstab, mtab \- information about file systems fstab(5) getfsent, getfsspec, getfsfile, setfsent, endfsent \(mi get file system description file entry getfsent(3) mem, kmem, kUmem, mtpr, fineclock \- memory and VAX processor registers mem(4) mknod \(mi make a directory or a special file mknod(2) ra \- DEC MSCP disks (RA60, RA80, RA81, RA90) ra(4) scsi \- SCSI interface scsi(4) stime, biasclock \(mi set time stime(2) sync \- force writing of system buffers sync(2) types \- primitive system data types types(5) uname \- identify machine and kernel uname(3) .xx "Miscellany" reboot, vadvise, vlimit, vswapon, getgroups,setgroups \(mi system calls to be avoided deprecated(2) syscall \(mi indirect system call syscall(2)