.TH HIER 7 .SH NAME hier \- file system hierarchy .SH DESCRIPTION The following outline gives a quick tour through a representative directory hierarchy. .na .nh .IP / root .PD 0 .IP /vmunix the kernel binary (UNIX itself) .IP /lost+found directory for connecting detached files for .IR fsck (8) .IP /dev/ devices (4) .RS .IP console main console, .IR ttyld (4) .IP tty* terminals, .IR ttyld (4) .IP ra* disks, .IR ra (4) .IP rra* raw disks, .IR ra (4) .IP ... .RE .IP /bin/ utility programs, cf /usr/bin/ (1) .RS .IP as assembler .IP cc C compiler executive, cf /lib/ccom, /lib/cpp, /lib/c2 .IP csh C shell .IP ... .RE .IP /lib/ object libraries and other stuff, cf /usr/lib/ .RS .IP libc.a system calls, standard I/O, etc. (2,3,3S) .IP ... .IP ccom C compiler proper .IP cpp C preprocessor .IP c2 C code improver .IP ... .RE .IP /etc/ essential data and maintenance utilities; sect (8) .RS .IP dump dump program .IR dump (8) .IP passwd password file, .IR passwd (5) .IP group group file, .IR group (5) .IP motd message of the day, .IR login (8) .IP whoami system name, .IR uname (3) .IP termcap description of terminal capabilities, .IR termcap (5) .IP ttytype table of what kind of terminal is on each port, .IR ttytype (5) .IP mtab mounted file table, .IR mtab (5) .IP dumpdates dump history, .IR dump (8) .IP fstab file system configurtion table .IR fstab (5) .IP ttys properties of terminals, .IR ttys (5) .IP getty part of .IR login , .IR getty (8) .IP init the parent of all processes, .IR init (8) .IP rc shell program to bring the system up .IP cron the clock daemon, .IR cron (8) .IP mount .IR mount (8) .IP wall .IR wall (1) .IP ... .RE .IP /tmp/ temporary files, usually on a fast device, cf /usr/tmp/ .RS .IP e* used by .IR ed (1) .IP ctm* used by .IR cc (1) .IP ... .RE .IP /usr/ general-pupose directory, usually a mounted file system .RS .IP adm/ administrative information .RS .IP wtmp login history, .IR utmp (5) .IP messages hardware error messages .IP tracct phototypesetter accounting, .IR troff (1) .IP lpacct line printer accounting .IR lpr (1) .RE .RE .IP /usr\t/bin .RS utility programs, to keep /bin/ small .IP tmp/ temporaries, to keep /tmp/ small .RS .IP stm* used by .IR sort (1) .IP raster used by .IR plot (1) .RE .IP dict/ word lists, etc. .RS .IP words principal word list, used by .IR look (1) .IP spellhist history file for .IR spell (1) .RE .IP games/ .RS .IP hangman .IP lib/ library of stuff for the games .RS .IP quiz.k/ what .IR quiz (6) knows .RS .IP index category index .IP africa countries and capitals .IP ... .RE .IP ... .RE .IP ... .RE .IP include/ standard #include files .RS .IP a.out.h object file layout, .IR a.out (5) .IP stdio.h standard I/O, .IR stdio (3) .IP math.h (3M) .IP ... .IP sys/ system-defined layouts, cf /usr/sys/h .RE .IP lib/ object libraries and stuff, to keep /lib/ small .RS .IP atrun scheduler for .IR at (1) .IP lint/ utility files for lint .RS .IP lint[12] subprocesses for .IR lint (1) .IP llib-lc dummy declarations for /lib/libc.a, used by .IR lint (1) .IP llib-lm dummy declarations for /lib/libc.m .IP ... .RE .IP struct/ passes of .IR struct (1) .IP ... .IP tmac/ macros for .IR troff (1) .RS .IP tmac.an macros for .IR man (7) .IP tmac.s macros for .IR ms (7) .IP ... .RE .IP font/ fonts for .IR troff (1) .RS .IP ftR Times Roman .IP ftB Times Bold .IP ... .RE .IP uucp/ programs and data for .IR uucp (1) .RS .IP L.sys remote system names and numbers .IP uucico the real copy program .IP ... .RE .IP units conversion tables for .IR units (7) .IP eign list of English words to be ignored by .IR ptx (1) .RE .RE .br .ne 5 .IP /usr/\tman/ .RS volume 1 of this manual, .IR man (1) .RS .IP man0/ general .RS .IP intro introduction to volume 1, .IR ms (7) format .IP xx template for manual page .RE .IP man1/ chapter 1 .RS .IP as.1 .IP mount.1m .IP ... .RE .IP ... .IP cat1/ preformatted pages for section 1 .IP ... .RE .IP spool/ delayed execution files .RS .IP at/ used by .IR at (1) .IP lpd/ used by .IR lpr (1) .RS .IP lock present when line printer is active .IP cf* copy of file to be printed, if necessary .IP df* daemon control file, .IR lpd (8) .IP tf* transient control file, while .I lpr is working .RE .IP uucp/ work files and staging area for .IR uucp (1) .RS .IP LOGFILE summary log .IP LOG.* log file for one transaction .RE .IP mail/ mailboxes for .IR mail (1) .RS .TP .I name mail file for user .I name .TP .IR name .lock lock file while .I name is receiving mail .RE .IP secretmail/ like .IR mail / .IP uucp/ work files and staging area for .IR uucp (1) .RS .IP LOGFILE summary log .IP LOG.* log file for one transaction .RE .RE .TP .I wd initial working directory of a user, typically .I wd is the user's login name .RS .TP .BR . profile set environment for .IR sh (1), .IR environ (5) .TP calendar user's datebook for .IR calendar (1) .RE .IP doc/ papers, mostly in volume 2 of this manual, typically in .IR ms (7) format .RS .IP as/ assembler manual .IP c C manual .IP ... .RE .RE .RE .IP /usr/\tsrc/ .RS .IP source programs for utilities, etc. .RS .IP cmd/ source of commands .RS .IP as/ assembler .IP ar.c source for .IR ar (1) .IP ... .IP troff/ source for .I nroff and .IR troff (1) .RS .IP font/ source for font tables, /usr/lib/font/ .RS .IP ftR.c Roman .IP ... .RE .IP term/ terminal characteristics tables, /usr/lib/term/ .RS .IP tab300.c DASI 300 .IP ... .RE .IP ... .RE .RE .IP games/ source for /usr/games .IP libc/ source for functions in /lib/libc.a .RS .IP crt/ C runtime support .IP csu/ startup and wrapup routines needed with every C program .RS .IP crt0.s regular startup .IP mcrt0.s modified startup for .I cc \-p .RE .IP sys/ system calls (2) .RS .IP access.s .IP alarm.s .IP ... .RE .IP stdio/ standard I/O functions (3S) .RS .IP fgets.c .IP fopen.c .IP ... .RE .IP gen/ other functions in (3) .RS .IP abs.c .IP ... .RE .RE .IP local/ source which isn't normally distributed .IP new/ source for new versions of commands and library routines .IP old/ source for old versions of commands and library routines .IP sys/ system source .RS .IP h/ header (include) files .RS .IP acct.h .IR acct (5) .IP stat.h .IR stat (2) .IP ... .RE .IP sys/ system source proper .RS .IP main.c .IP pipe.c .IP sysent.c system entry points .RE .RE .RE .IP ucb/ binaries of programs developed at UCB .RS .IP ... .IP edit editor for beginners .IP ex command editor for experienced users .IP ... .IP mail mail reading/sending subsystem .IP man on line documentation .IP ... .IP pi Pascal translator .IP px Pascal interpreter .IP ... .IP vi visual editor .RE .RE .ad .SH SEE ALSO .IR ls (1), .IR du (1), .IR icheck (8), .IR find (1), .IR grep (1) .SH BUGS The position of files is subject to change without notice.