.bp .tr | .bl 1 .nf .ta 30 .tc . .ce TABLE OF CONTENTS I. COMMANDS .xx : place label ar archive (combine) files as assembler bas BASIC dialect cat concatenate (or print) files cc compile C program cdb C debugger chdir change working directory chmod change access mode of files chown change owner of files cmp compare file contents cp copy file cref cross reference table crypt encrypt, decrypt a file date get date and time of day db symbolic debugger dc desk calculator df find free disk space dsw delete files interactively du find disk usage echo print command arguments ed text editor exit end command sequence factor factor a number fc compile Fortran program fed form letter editor form generate form letter forml generate form letters goto command transfer hyphen find hyphenated words if conditional command ld link editor (loader) ln link to file login log on to system ls list contents of directory m6 macroprocessor mail send mail to another user man run off manual section mesg permit or deny messages mkdir create directory mt save, restore files on magtape mv move or rename file nm print namelist nroff format text for printing od octal dump of file opr print file off-line ov page overlay file print passwd set login password pr print file with headings proof compare text files reloc relocate object files rew rewind DECtape rm remove (delete) file rmdir remove (delete) directory roff format text for printing sh command interpreter size get executable program size sno compile Snobol program sort sort ASCII file speak send words to voice synthesizer split break a file into pieces stat get file status strip remove symbols, relocation bits stty set typewriter modes sum sum file tap save, restore files on DECtape time get time information tmg compile tmgl program tss communicate with MH-TSS (GCOS) tty find name of terminal type print file page-by-page typo find typographic errors un find undefined symbols uniq find duplicate lines in a file vs generate voice synthesizer phonemes wc get (English) word count who who is on the system write write to another user II. SYSTEM CALLS .xx boot reboot the system break set program break cemt catch EMT traps chdir change working directory chmod change mode of file chown change owner of file close close open file creat create file csw read the console switches dup duplicate an open file exec execute program file exit terminate execution fork create new process fpe catch floating exception errors fstat status of open file getuid get user ID gtty get typewriter mode ilgins catch illegal instruction trap intr catch or inhibit interrupts kill destroy process link link to file makdir create directory mdate set date modified of file mount mount file system nice set low-priority status open open file pipe open inter process channel quit inhibit quits read read file rele release processor seek move read or write pointer setuid set user ID sleep delay execution stat get file status stime set system time stty set mode of typewriter sync assure synchronization time get time of year times get execution times umount dismount file system unlink remove (delete) file wait wait for process write write file III. SUBROUTINES .xx atan arctangent atof convert ASCII to floating atoi convert ASCII to integer compar string compare for sort crypt encrypt according to a keyword ctime convert time to ASCII ddsput display character on Picturephone ecvt edited output conversion exp exponential function ftoa convert floating to ASCII ftoo convert floating to octal gerts communicate with GCOS getc get character hypot compute hypotenuse itoa convert integer to ASCII log logarithm base e mesg print string on typewriter nlist read name list pow take powers of numbers ptime print time putc write character or word qsort quicker sort rand pseudo random number generator salloc storage allocator sin sine, cosine sqrt square root switch transfer depending on value ttyn find teletype name IV. SPECIAL FILES .xx dc remote typewriter dn 801 ACU dp 201 Dataphone kl console typewriter mem core memory pc punched paper tape rf RF disk rk RK disk tc DECtape tm 9-track magtape vt storage-tube display V. FILE FORMATS .xx a.out assembler and loader output archive archive file core core image file directory directory format file system file system format passwd password file tap DECtape and magtape format utmp logged-in user information wtmp accounting files VI. USER MAINTAINED PROGRAMS .xx bc compile B program bj blackjack ptx permuted index yacc yet another compiler-compiler VII. MISCELLANEOUS .xx ascii map of ASCII dpd spawn dataphone daemon getty adapt to typewriter glob argument expander greek extended TTY 37 typebox map init initializer process msh mini Shell tabs set tab stops on typewriter vsp voice synthesizer phonemes VIII. SYSTEM MAINTAINANCE .xx 20boot reboot 11/20 system acct get connect-time accounting bproc boot procedure check check consistency of file system chk check all file systems clri clear file's i-node dcheck verify directory hierarchy dli load DEC binary paper tapes istat file status by i-number kill terminate a process mount mount removable file system ps get process status salv repair damaged file system su become super-user swtmp truncate accounting files tm get system time information umount dismount removable file system .xx .bp .bl 1 .ce INDEX .nf .tc .ta 9 17 25 33 41 49 57 .nx index