Davwe Horsfall: I was surprised when "chdir" became "cd", but I suppose it fits the philosophy of 2-letter commands. ====== Don't forget that the original spelling, in the PDP-7 UNIX that had no published manual, was ch. The 1/e manual spells it chdir. I remember that in one of Dennis's retrospective papers, he remarks on the change, and says he can't remember why. I once asked in the UNIX room if anyone could recall why ch changed to chdir. Someone, I forget who, suggested it was because the working directory was the only thing that could be changed: no chmod or chown in the PDP-7 days. I don't know whether that's true. Norman Wilson Toronto ON